Dangerous Diseases Research Articles

Case report of leprosy in the Russian Federation

A clinical case of leprosy diagnosis in a citizen of the Republic of Chad (lepra-endemic region), а 24 year old male, student is presented. In 2019 the patient received permission to stay in the Russian Federation for educational purposes, entered one of the federal universities, and studied in Moscow, living in a hostel. During these years, he applied to various clinics, complaining of skin rashes and other symptoms characteristic of leprosy, without the effect of the prescribed treatment. In 2023, after contacting the clinic of skin diseases of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), was first sent to the The Federal State Research Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology of the Ministry of Health of Russia with suspicion of leprosy. The results of clinical and laboratory studies including bacterioscopic examination of skin scarifications and pathohistological study of the skin confirmed the diagnosis: A30.5 Leprosy, multibacterial form, lepromatous type, active stage. This case presentation testifies to the lack of alertness regarding leprosy, especially among doctors conducting medical examinations of foreign citizens in order to obtain permission to stay in the Russian Federation, which may cause the spread of dangerous infectious diseases on the territory of the Russian Federation.

On the identification of the omnivorous humpback fly <i>Megaselia scalaris (Loew)</i>

Ant-decapitating flies (lat. Megaselia scalaris (Loew)) is a quarantine object in the Russian Federation and is included in the Single list of quarantine objects of the Eurasian Economic Union, approved by the of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission dated 30.11.2016 No. 158, because it is a vector of dangerous diseases that cause great economic damage. The range covers large areas of North America, Africa, southern Europe, Australia, Southeast Asia, as well as the European part of Russia, namely the Southern Federal District and the Republic of Crimea. The list of regulated products subject to research to identify M. scalaris (Loew) is very extensive, and accurate identification to species of the received samples by entomological method by morphological features of copulatory organs is very labor-intensive and not accurate. Therefore, methods of molecular diagnostics were developed for identification, namely, comparison of the studied nucleotide sequence with the reference one using NCBI database and determination of genetic distances. The studies were carried out on the basis of the Department of Molecular Research of the North-West Testing Laboratory of FGBU «ARRIAH». Six samples of the genus Megaselia were used in this work. At the first stage, DNA was isolated using DNA-Extran 2 kits. Then genetic markers were obtained by classical PCR with subsequent detection by electrophoresis using the T100 Thermal Cycler, sequenced on a 3500 Genetic Analyzer. Identification was performed by comparing the obtained sequence in BioEdit program using NCBI database and by calculating genetic distances using two-parameter Kimura model and Tajima-Nei model. The study revealed advantages and disadvantages of the presented methods of molecular identification.

Can People Get Fluorosis from Drinking Water from Surface Water Sources? Fluoride Test of Water Mandatory Before its Supply

It is true that the groundwater of most areas of the world is almost fluoridated with varying concentrations. There are many countries, including India, whose drinking groundwater contains fluoride more than the parameters set by World Health Organization (WHO) that is 1.5 ppm. Drinking such fluoridated water repeatedly and for a long time causes dangerous fluorosis disease in people. This disease remains life-long in people and there is no permanent cure till now. Thousands of people around the world are suffering from this disease. Generally, the water of surface water sources (puddles, rivers, canals, streams, lakes, ponds, dams, reservoirs, etc.) is considered to be free of fluoride. However, according to WHO, its quantity in the water of different surface water sources has been estimated from 0.01 to 0.3 ppm. But recent studies revealed that in many of these freshwater sources, the amount of fluoride was found to be more than 1.0 ppm or 1.5 ppm. If such water is used for drinking for long time, then the health of the people gets affected and there is a possibility of getting dreaded fluorosis disease. Due to fluorosis, people’s teeth become weak and discoloured (dental fluorosis) and their diverse skeletal bones become porous, weak, and deformed (skeletal fluorosis). People also become hunchbacked (kyphosis) and lame (crippling) for life due to this disease. Many health complaints such as gastrointestinal discomforts, polydipsia, polyuria, repeated abortion, impaired reproduction and endocrines, neurological disorders, etc. are also found in people afflicted with chronic fluoride intoxication. If animals also start drinking this water for a long time, then they also get this dangerous disease. In rural areas, this water is also used for agricultural irrigation which also causes serious anomalies in diverse species of agriculture crop plants and ultimately reduces annual agricultural yield. However, before supplying drinking water to the human population from any of surface water sources, the water of these sources must be tested for evidence of fluoride. From the point of view of health, if the amount of fluoride is found to be more than the prescribed parameters, the water supply of such water sources should not be done as far as possible. The present communication highlights various potential adverse consequences in humans from drinking water from surface water sources containing fluoride above the permissible or acceptable limit or level.

The nature of expression of avian immunity genes during infection with GALLID ALPHAHERPESVIRUS 2 and MELEAGRID ALPHAHERPESVIRUS 1

Marek's disease is a dangerous immunosuppressive viral disease of poultry. Most egg poultry farm in the Russian Federation vaccinate their chickens on the first day of life against this viral disease. Thanks to this vaccine prevention tactic, poultry farms protect themselves from the outbreak of this disease and economic damage. Traditionally, among the viruses related to this disease, there are the 1st serotype of the Marek's disease virus (Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2) and the 3rd serotype of the Marek's disease virus, which is not such in a strict taxonomic sense (Meleagrid alphaherpesvirus 1, also called turkey herpesvirus). When poultry is infected, this virus causes a significant change in the expression of the main immunity genes (IL6, PTGS2, IRF7). Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the expression of the IL6 and PTGS2 genes was slightly higher than the level of expression of these genes in the control group. It is possible that local immunity was suppressed by the immunosuppressive properties of the Marek's disease virus. When studying the expression of the IRF7 gene, a strong effect of viruses of both serotypes on this gene was found, and Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 exceeded the level of this effect compared to the effect of Meleagrid alphaherpesvirus 1 by 4 times. These results may indicate that sharply increasing expression of the IRF7 gene may be a sign of Marek's disease virus replication (since Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 and Meleagrid alphaherpesvirus 1 interact with the same cellular receptor, the vaccine effect of Meleagrid alphaherpesvirus 1 is based on this). On the other hand, we can conclude that the introduction of these viruses does not cause inflammatory and immune reactions in the ileocecal tonsils of birds.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in a high-prevalence suburban community, southeast of Iran

Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic viral disease with a high mortality rate. The World Health Organization has classified it as a high-priority pathogen due to its severity. To manage this disease, knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of the community play an important role. This study was conducted in a suburban area in southeastern Iran, an endemic region with a high occurrence of CCHF. A cross-sectional study was performed among 176 livestock farmers in Zahedan suburb, and data were collected through an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Single-factor and multi-factor analysis of variance was used to identify factors related to participants’ knowledge, attitude, and risk of CCHF. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 24, and a significance level of p ≤ 0.05 was adopted to determine statistical significance. Overall, the knowledge level about CCHF was moderate. Participants demonstrated a better understanding of high-risk occupations compared to the transmission routes and symptoms of CCHF. Conversely, their knowledge about the prevention and treatment of CCHF was found to be inadequate. The participants exhibited a good attitude towards CCHF prevention; most considered it a dangerous disease, believed in the effectiveness of preventive measures, and demonstrated the ability to address perceived obstacles. High-frequency engagement in high-risk behaviors related to CCHF was observed among the study participants. In the multi-factor model, the most critical factors associated with knowledge were age (p = 0.044), CCHF infection (p = 0.047), and CCHF education (p = 0.004). Income (p = 0.001), keeping livestock at home (p = 0.028), and receiving CCHF education (p = 0.012) were the most critical factors associated with attitude toward the risk of CCHF. The most important factors related to CCHF high-risk behavior were age (p = 0.045), gender (p = 0.028), and handling livestock (p < 0.001). These findings emphasize the need for maintaining health educational efforts on CCHF.

Radical Surgical Treatment of Idiopathic Tracheal Stenosis. A Clinical Observation

Introduction. Idiopathic cicatricial tracheal stenosis (ICTS) comprises a rare and dangerous disease of unknown etiology. Its morphological substrate consists in the formation of circular fibrotic stenosis, usually at the level of the cricoid cartilage and the first two С-shaped rings of the trachea. The first cases of the disease were described by Brandenburg only in 1972. Progression of the disease is slow, right up to severe respiratory failure and asphyxia. Treatment methods for idiopathic cicatricial tracheal stenosis include both endoscopic and open surgical techniques. However, endoscopic treatment fails to produce the desired effect. Materials and methods. The authors of the present paper performed tracheo-laryngeal resection as a radical method for treating idiopathic tracheal stenosis in a 54-year-old patient against the background of prolonged unsuccessful endoscopic treatment. The follow-up period accounted for 45 days. Examinations in the postoperative period showed complete epithelialization of the anastomosis line without inflammation. Results and discussion. Idiopathic cicatricial tracheal stenosis is considered to be a dangerous disease without significant causes of development. However, it is claimed to be a potentially curable disease, though its treatment is a difficult task. Some authors report satisfactory results of endoscopic treatment of ICTS, but most publications on this issue consider a single tracheo-laryngeal resection with anastomosis as the most optimal method of treatment, thereby correlating with the results of the present study. Conclusion. The present observation characterizes the peculiarity and possibility of radical treatment of ICTS, since the endoscopic method of treatment produces only a temporary effect. Small number of observations and lack of a coherent pathogenetic theory necessitate further research into this problem.

Peran Penting Pemilik Kucing Terhadap Kesehatan Kucing Peliharaan Di Wilayah Tambaksari, Surabaya

Cats are one of the animals that are often kept as pets by humans. However, it turns out that cats can act as hosts for transmitting various types of dangerous diseases, both caused by endoparasites and ectoparasites. Therefore, the role of cat owners is very important in maintaining the health of their pet cats. Remembering that a cat's life depends on the care it provides. This service activity aims to educate cat owners about the dangers, symptoms and ways to prevent endoparasite and ectoparasite infections in their pet cats. Maintaining the health of your pet cat is important, because the cat's health can affect the health of its owner. This is because some diseases in cats can be transmitted to humans. The method used in this service is a presentation and discussion with the cat owner, after which it continues with the activity of examining the cat's hair and distributing shampoo and cat food. To measure the level of understanding of pet cat owners, a pretest (before the activity) and posttest (at the end of the activity) were carried out. This activity was carried out in RW 001, RT 07, RT 08, and RT 11 Tambaksari, Surabaya, and was attended by 32 pet cat owners, namely 14 domestic cats, 8 Angoras, 6 Persians, and 3 Himalayans. The average pre-test score was 54.07 points, while the average post-test score was 73.70 points. This means that there is an increase in pet cat owners' understanding regarding the symptoms, dangers and ways to prevent endoparasite and ectoparasite infections in cats. It is hoped that this educational activity will be sustainable so that cat owners can always look after and pay attention to the health of their pet cats. Keywords : cats, ectoparasite, endoparasite, Tambaksari

Пріоритетні проблеми гігієни та безпеки праці медичних працівників в умовах надзвичайних ситуацій (з досвіду подолання пандемії Covid-19)

Introduction. The working conditions of medical personnel during emergencies significantly differ from those in regular circumstances. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the intensity of biological and psychophysiological factors in the working environment increased substantially, leading to the emergence of additional harmful and dangerous factors, resulting in disruptions to the living and working conditions of the staff. Since the regular work routine of healthcare facilities changes in such situations, there is a pressing need for clear action plans and guidelines to provide quality medical care and safeguard the lives and health of medical workers. The aim of this study is to examine the experience of medical facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic, investigate the impact of working conditions during quarantine and the resolution of dangerous situations, substantiate safety measures, and establish guidelines for the behavior of medical personnel and patients during other potential emergencies. Materials and Methods. The research was conducted using questionnaire, survey, hygienic, bibliographic and statistical methods. Results. Peculiarities of the labor activity of medical workers in health care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic, which was recognized as a particularly dangerous disease, and the working conditions of personnel in these conditions were studied. An analysis of the perception of medical workers during the pandemic and the evaluation of working conditions were conducted. The main negative effects on the working conditions of healthcare staff compared to the pre-pandemic period were identified: increased workload and demands on workers, growing emotional stress, insufficient organizational support, financial, and psychological assistance. Additionally, positive influences that eased the tasks of the medical workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and contributed to stabilizing the situation and personal and professional development were highlighted: competence, cooperation, and team cohesion (teamwork). Respondents stated that the acquired experience would prevent them from making numerous mistakes and shortcomings in their work in the future, and they are ready to work under epidemic conditions and other emergencies. To ensure the safety of medical personnel, it is necessary to implement comprehensive measures to prevent occupational diseases, care for human resources, and develop reward and motivation systems. To improve the quality of medical services during emergencies, reduce risks among patients, and safeguard the lives and health of medical workers, mandatory targeted training programs and educational materials are required for preparing healthcare personnel for work in different emergency situations. Conclusions. The working conditions of medical personnel during the fight against the coronavirus infection are hazardous, posing threats to their lives and carrying a high risk of acute occupational diseases and severe forms of illnesses, including death. The main negative influences on the working conditions of healthcare staff include workload, emotional stress, and inadequate organizational support and assistance. Positive effects that facilitated the work of medical during the COVID-19 pandemic were also highlighted: competence, cooperation and cohesion (teamwork), which contributed to the stabilization of the situation in health care facilities, individual and professional development of medical workers. Therefore, it is crucial to create mandatory targeted training programs and educational materials for healthcare personnel to prepare them to work in different emergency situations effectively.

The Effect of The Covid Simulator Table Top on The Knowledge and Attitude of School Children in Preventing Covid-19

The most dangerous infectious disease that is currently being debated around the world is the Corona virus disease. The problems and challenges currently faced by educational institutions require prevention strategies by providing motivation as well as guidance and enthusiasm in the learning activities of elementary school students. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of table top covid simulator on knowledge and attitude of elementary school students. Methods: Pre-experimental research using one group pre-test and post-test design. The population in the study was 120, and a sample of 38 elementary school students was obtained using a total sampling technique. The data collection technique uses a pre-post test which is carried out by assessing elementary school students regarding their attitudes and knowledge of preventing Covid-19 using a questionnaire guide. Data processing by editing, coding, scoring, and tabulating and analyzed by Paired T-Test. Results: This study shows that the statistical test results of the independent and dependent variables in this study are the significance value &lt;0.05, which is 0.000 with a correlation coefficient value of 0.82, which means that there is an effect of the table top simulator on the knowledge and attitudes of elementary school students about preventing covid-19. Conclusion: Table top covid simulator can improve attitudes and knowledge about prevention of covid-19 in elementary school students, it has a positive impact on students in complying with health protocols and preventing infection transmission.

Study on the proportion of patients with uncontrolled hypertension among outpatients and related factors at the Internal Medicine Clinic, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital

Background: Hypertension is one of the dangerous chronic diseases. In the treatment of hypertension, controlling blood pressure to achieve treatment target is paramount to prevent dangerous complications and death. The study was conducted to identify the percentage of hypertensive patients who do not achieve treatment target among outpatients at the internal medicine clinic, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, and explore some related factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 403 hypertensive patients treated as outpatients at the internal medicine clinic. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the related factors. Results: 46.4% of hypertensive patients did not reach the treatment target. Factors related to uncontrolled hypertension were male, non-religion, comorbidities, no reduction in salt intake, the use of coffee/tea, and non-compliance with medication (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: The rate of patients with uncontrolled hypertension was still high. The health sector should consider establishing an outpatient management team; strengthening communication activities and advice on diet and drug use in parallel with medical examination and treatment. Key words: uncontrolled hypertension, outpatient, Hue.

Ratik Basa Ritual Tulak Bala Di Nagari Singgalang X Koto Kabupaten Tanah Datar

The research entitled Ratik Basa as a Tulak Bala Ritual in Nagari Singgalang, X Koto District, Tanah Datar Regency, aims to describe the series of implementation of "Ratik Basa in the Tulak Bala ritual and the views of the people who adhere to the Syattariah sect in Nagari Singgalang, X Koto District, Tanah Datar Regency" . Ratik Basa is a worship service that is integrated into religious traditions in the form of reciting dhikr in various contexts in the lives of the people of Nagari Singgalang. The research uses qualitative methods, field data collection techniques, literature study, observation, interviews and documentation using ritual theory, religious theory and perception theory. The results of the research show that the implementation of the Ratik Basa tradition is sung using a monophonic vocal technique, namely sung in one type of voice. For the people who adhere to the Syattariah sect in Nagari Singgalang, X Koto District, Tanah Datar Regency, Ratik Basa as a Tulak Bala Ritual ceremony is very essential. Because it is closely related to people's lives, especially the threat to the safety of nagari children in various forms of disaster, including natural disasters, dangerous disease attacks, famine, and others. Ratik Basa as a Tulak Bala Ritual is very important for people's lives because apart from being able to avoid all disasters, it has a positive value as an identity for Nagari Singgalang, and as a ritual means to foster ties of brotherhood between groups of adherents of the Syattariah sect and society in general.

Skin Cancer Detection and Classification using Deep learning methods

Skin cancer is a very dangerous disease that needs to be found early, so that it can be treated effectively. In the past few years, classifiers built on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have become the best way to find melanoma. According to the review, the CNN-based classifier is as accurate as dermatologist in classifying skin cancer images, allowing for faster and more accurate detection. This article examines the most recent studies on Machine learning and deep learning-based melanoma categorization in depth. We provide a comprehensive description of the machine learning and deep learning classifier, including details on the accuracy of these classifiers. The primary objective of this research is to analyze and collect current research trends, issues, and opportunities for melanoma diagnosis, as well as to investigate the current approach for using deep learning to detect and recognize melanoma. The main finding of this review is that the neural network provides high accuracy as comparison to machine learning methods.

A review: Synthesis characterization and in vitro anti-mycobacterial activity of some novel benzothiazole

Heterocyclic compounds, analogs, and derivatives have received a lot of interest recently because of their advantageous biological and pharmacological properties. Flexible substrates include the heterocyclic compounds that benzothiazole and its analogs can be used to synthesize. The benzothiazole nucleus is utilized to create a wide variety of pharmaceuticals. The biological activity of benzothiazole derivatives has recently undergone some intriguing alterations. These compounds stand out in the world of medicinal chemistry due to their high pharmacological potential. According to the World Health Organisation, Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the most dangerous chronic disease that can spread. The spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance is a serious issue. The examined bacterial strains were only partially and ineffectively active. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the bacterium that causes human tuberculosis (TB), is more common in multidrug-resistant strains, which is one of the main factors driving the development of new drugs to treat this variety of diseases. They have also been subjected to a traditional method of testing for their antibacterial and antifungal qualities. According to the outcomes of the activities, compounds exhibited moderate to good antibacterial and antifungal activity.

Effect of Lavandula angustifolia and Cananga odorata on decrease of blood pressure in high blood pressure volunteers: A randomized controlled trial

IntroductionHypertension is one of the most dangerous diseases. However, medicine for hypertension may cause adverse effects. Thus, alternative treatments may be beneficial to patients. The aims of the study were to evaluate efficacy and safety of sticker pads containing lavender and ylang ylang oil (LY pads) on decrease blood pressure. Materials and MethodsThe LY pads had been developed since 2018. The safety of LY pads in healthy volunteers’ study and the efficacy and safety of LY pads in high blood pressure volunteers’ study were conducted at Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand in October 2020 to December 2022. In the safety of LY pads in healthy volunteers’ study, the LY pad was attached to the shirts of 56 healthy volunteers for 2 h. Adverse reactions, irritation score, and quality of life were assessed. In the efficacy and safety of the LY pads in high blood pressure volunteers’ study, 34 high blood pressure volunteers were randomly divided into the LY group or the placebo group. The volunteers attached the pad to their shirt for 14 days. Blood pressure, pulse rate, and adverse reactions were investigated. ResultsThe LY pad was safe for humans. Using the LY pad for 2 h had no significant adverse reactions in healthy volunteers. Moreover, it significantly improved quality of life (p<0.05). The blood pressure of the LY pad group after at least 3 days use was significantly lower than before using the pad (p<0.05). The systolic blood pressure difference and pulse rate difference were also superior in the LY pad group compared to the placebo group (p<0.05). ConclusionsThe LY pad was safe in healthy volunteers and could reduce blood pressure in high blood pressure volunteers without adverse effects. Thus, it may be a supportive or alternative treatment for hypertension.

Cerebellar Abscess Secondary to Cholesteatomatous Otomastoiditis—An Old Enemy in New Times

Chronic otitis with cholesteatoma is a potentially dangerous disease that can lead to the development of intracranial abscesses. Although cerebellar abscess is half as common as cerebral abscess, it is known for its particularly difficult diagnosis, which requires the visualization of the pathological process continuity from the mastoid to the posterior fossa. In this article, we present an extremely rare case from the literature of cholesteatomatous otomastoiditis complicated with meningitis and cerebellar abscess, along with the description of technical surgical details for the plugging of the bony defect between the mastoid and posterior fossa with muscle and surgical glue. The particularity of this case lies in the late presentation to the doctor of an immunocompetent patient, through a dramatic symptomatology of life-threatening complications. We emphasize the importance of responsibly treating any episode of middle ear infection and considering the existence of underlying pathologies. In such cases, we recommend additional neuroimaging explorations, which can prevent potentially lethal complications. The treatment of such intracranial complications must be carried out promptly and requires collaboration between a neurosurgeon and an ENT surgeon.

Frequency of Salmonella bacteria detection in pathological material, raw materials, poultry products and the environment of poultry farms in Ukraine during the period 2018-2022

The poultry industry plays an important role in solving the food problem of Ukraine, as it provides the need for commercial production of eggs and poultry meat. Modern poultry farming is characterized by industrial high-tech production with the use of advanced energy-saving technologies, their mechanization and automation, specialization and concentration of production processes, targeted selection of highly productive poultry crosses, balanced feeding. However, the poultry farming industry suffers from salmonellosis. In poultry farms countries a salmonellosis is one of the most dangerous bacterial diseases of birds. Actuality of zoonotic disease is stipulated epizootologically, by epidemiology, ecological, socio-economic values and biosafety for a man, bird and animals. For a man the causative agents of salmonellosis cause the heavy forms of toxic infections. According to the results of microbiological monitoring for the detection of salmonellosis pathogens in patho- and biological material, poultry feed, raw materials, poultry products, and environmental objects of poultry farms for the period 2018–2022, a decrease in the infection rates of the studied objects was found from 0.06% in 2018 to 0.01–0.02% in the following years. Among the obtained salmonellosis isolates, a wide species spectrum of circulating salmonella (17 serovars) was established, with the dominant species Salmonella enteritidis isolated in 27.9% of cases from the studied objects. Salmonella of other species were isolated much less frequently: Salmonella give (9.0%), Salmonella infantis (6.4%), Salmonella anatum (2.2%), Salmonella derbi, Salmonella kambole and Salmonella isangi (1.7%). Salmonella typhimurium (1.3%), Salmonella indiana, Salmonella essen, Salmonella eastbourne, Salmonella agone, Salmonella livingston, Salmonella dyugu, Salmonella рortland and Salmonella aphi (from 0.4 to 0.9%) cases, respectively, among other isolated Salmonella species for the period 2018–2022. The results of the research prove the need to continue microbiological monitoring for the detection of salmonellosis pathogens at all stages of the production of poultry products in the territory of Ukraine for the purpose of human, animal and poultry biosafety and timely prevention of zoonotic diseases. Key words: poultry farming, microbiological monitoring, zoonoses, pathogens of salmonellosis, species spectrum, cheese products, Salmonella enteritidis, biosafety.

Transcriptomic response of Pinus massoniana to infection stress from the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

The pinewood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a forestry quarantine pest and causes an extremely dangerous forest disease that is spreading worldwide. Due to the complex pathogenic factors of pine wood nematode disease, the pathogenesis is still unknown. B. xylophilus ultimately invades a host and causes death. However, little is known about the defence-regulating process of host pine after infection by B. xylophilus at the molecular level. Therefore, we wanted to understand how Pinus massoniana regulates its response to invasion by B. xylophilus. P. massoniana were artificially inoculated with B. xylophilus solution, while those without B. xylophilus solution were used as controls. P. massoniana inoculated with B. xylophilus solution for 0 h, 6 h, 24 h, and 120 h was subjected to high-throughput sequencing to obtain transcriptome data. At various time points (0 h, 6 h, 24 h, 120 h), gene transcription was measured in P. massoniana inoculated with PWN. At different time points, P. massoniana gene transcription differed significantly, with a response to early invasion by PWN. According to Gene Ontology (GO) classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, P. massoniana response to PWN invasion involves a wide range of genes, including plant hormone signal transformation, flavonoid biosynthesis, amino sugar and nucleoside sugar metabolism, and MAPK signalling pathways. Among them, inoculation for 120 hours had the greatest impact on differential genes. Subsequently, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to analyse transcriptional regulation of P. massoniana after PWN infection. The results showed that the core gene module of P. massoniana responding to PWN was “MEmagenta”, enriched in oxidative phosphorylation, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, and the MAPK signalling pathway. MYB family transcription factors with the highest number of changes between infected and healthy pine trees accounted for 20.4% of the total differentially expressed transcription factors. To conclude, this study contributes to our understanding of the molecular mechanism of initial PWN infection of P. massoniana. Moreover, it provides some important background information on PWN pathogenic mechanisms.

PENGARUH TERAPI REBUSAN AIR DAUN SALAM TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA IBU HAMIL DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS MURUNG PUDAK

Hypertension is a dangerous disease, especially if it occurs in women who are pregnant. Management of hypertension in pregnancy one with nonpharmacology, namely bay leaves can also be used for traditional medicine for the treatment of blood pressure. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of bay leaf water decoction therapy on reducing blood pressure in pregnant women in the Murung Pudak Health Center Work Area. The research method used pseudo-experiments (Quasi Experimental Design) with a pretest-posttest design with control group design using two types of treatment, with a total sample of 34 people with porpusive sampling side techniques. The results of the study found that blood pressure in the treatment group decreased in systolic and diastolic pressure, blood pressure in the control group did not decrease in systolic and diastolic, blood pressure in the treatment group was obtained 20.74 while in the control group a mean rank of 14.26 was obtained and there was an effect of bay leaf water decoction therapy on reducing blood pressure in pregnant women in the work area of the Murung Pudak Health Center, with p-value = 0.048 (p-value &lt; 0.05).

Residual attention network based hybrid convolution network model for lung cancer detection

Lung cancer is one of the dangerous diseases that cause shortness of breath and death. Automatic lung cancer disease identification is a challenging operation for researchers. This paper, presents an effective lung cancer diagnosis system using deep learning with CT images. It also decreases lung cancer’s misclassification. Initially, the input images are gathered from online resources. The collected CT images are given to the detection stage. Here, we perform the detection using a Multi Serial Hybrid convolution based Residual Attention Network (MSHCRAN). Using a deep learning framework lung cancer detection using CT images is effectively detected. The performance of the developed lung cancer detection system is compared to other conventional lung cancer detection models According to the analysis, the implemented deep learning-based detection of lung cancer system had a precision higher than 95.75% compared to CNN with 90.04%, ResNet with 89.62%, LSTM with 92%, and CRAN with 93.4% using dataset-1. The analysis with Dataset-2 shows a precision of 90.43% with CNN, ResNet with 90.12%, LSTM with 92%, and CRAN with 93.7%, with the proposed method precision of 95.8%.

Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Isolated from Breeder Poultry Farm Sources in China, 2020-2021.

Non-typhoidal salmonellosis is a dangerous foodborne disease that causes enormous economic loss and threatens public health worldwide. The consumption of food, especially poultry or poultry products, contaminated with non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is the main cause of human salmonellosis. To date, no research has identified the molecular epidemiological characteristics of NTS strains isolated from breeder chicken farms in different provinces of China. In our study, we investigated the antimicrobial resistance, phylogenetic relationships, presence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, and plasmids of NTS isolates recovered from breeder chicken farms in five provinces of China between 2020 and 2021 by using a whole-genome sequencing (WGS) approach and phenotypic methods. All sequenced isolates belonged to six serovars with seven sequence types. Nearly half of the isolates (44.87%) showed phenotypic resistance to at least three classes of antimicrobials. Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky harbored more antimicrobial resistance genes than the others, which was highly consistent with phenotypic resistance. Furthermore, the carried rate of 104 out of 135 detected virulence genes was 100%. Overall, our WGS results highlight the need for the continuous monitoring of, and additional studies on, the antimicrobial resistance of NTS.