Dangerous Consequences Research Articles

METHODS OF ASSESSING TERRORIST THREATS TO STRATEGIC FACILITIES OF THE STATE

The study highlights the main regularities of preparation and execution of a terrorist act from the standpoint of considering a terrorist emergency as a spatiotemporal process. It is proposed to use the expert method of scenarios to assess terrorist threats to strategic objects. Ensuring the national security of Ukraine is a multifaceted problem, which includes military and political, economic and informational security, protection of the state border, and civil defence. Solving these component tasks is impossible without taking into account the possible terrorist impact on the strategic objects of the state, which include critical infrastructure enterprises, key transport communications, and military facilities. The description of any emergency requires a clear definition of the type of catastrophic event that caused it. Terrorist threats at protected strategic objects are possible socially dangerous consequences of malicious actions, i.e., terrorist acts that lead to stopping or limiting the functioning of these objects. The scenario method involves the creation of scenario development technologies that provide a higher probability of developing an effective solution. Scenarios are a set of equally compelling stories, each describing one of the potentially possible options for the future. Intrusion scenarios used in physical protection systems of protected objects consist of two parts. The first one provides a set of variants of terrorist threats, that is, expected actions of intruders against the protected object. The second is an action plan (reaction to the actions of intruders) of the physical protection system to neutralise terrorists. The process of improving the technology of developing scenarios of terrorist threats will provide a higher probability of developing an effective solution to ensure the security of strategic objects and counter terrorist threats, when possible, and a higher probability of reducing expected losses to a minimum in situations where losses are unavoidable. Keywords: emergency, catastrophic event, man-made object, danger, threat, risk.

Fuzzy Indicators of the Forecast of Environmental Safety Taking into Account the Impact of Natural and Technosphere Factors

The emergence and uncontrolled development of environmental hazards in the processes of life in the absence of appropriate response measures in many cases leads to the emergence of man-made emergencies with dangerous consequences for public health and the environment. It is proposed to evaluate the results of complex monitoring and forecasting of these dangerous processes in a new format of creating a fuzzy scale of indicators of the level of environmental safety of life support of territories based on the theory of fuzzy sets. The study aims to develop a fuzzy scale of indicators for predicting the state of environmental protection. Protection of the population and territories from environmental threats and possible man-made emergencies. Within the framework of the purpose of the study, a fuzzy scale of threshold levels of environmental safety of territories and economic objects has been developed based on the theory of fuzzy sets and the mathematical apparatus of soft computing. The practical significance of the developments is confirmed by the successful application of the proposed scale of indicators and indicators in assessing the environmental hazard of life support systems of settlements and industrial enterprises affecting the environment.

Effect of Educational Program on Awareness and Practices Regarding Menstrual Hygiene among Adolescent Girls

Menstrual hygiene maintenance is very low cost and reliable in Pakistan for adolescents’ girls to prevent any dangerous future consequences. Adolescent girl’s good awareness and practices is very important in smooth handling and maintain menstrual hygiene. Objective: To assess the effect of educational program on awareness and practices regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescents’ girls. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study carried out at high school, named Government Girls High School Kahna Nau, Tehsil Model Town Lahore. Data were collected from overall 110 adolescents’ girls were studying at Government Girls High School Kahna Nau Tehsil Model Town Lahore about awareness and practices regarding menstrual hygiene. Data were collected using awareness and practices questionnaire regarding menstrual hygiene. Pre and Post-interventional awareness and practices was assessed using the same questionnaire. SPSS 25.0 was used for data analysis. Results: Overall 73.6% of the adolescent’s girls had reported poor pre-interventional awareness, which enhanced to excellent awareness (100%) after interventions. Similarly, 79.1% of the adolescent girls were reported unsafe practices in pre-intervention phase while 94.5% of the adolescent girls reported safe practices after interventions. There was significant difference among pre and post-interventional awareness (P<0.001) and practices (P<0.001) of adolescent girls regarding menstrual hygiene. Conclusions: Adolescent girls reported poor awareness and unsafe practices regarding menstrual hygiene. The findings of the study showed that educational interventions are the key for enhancing the awareness and practices of adolescents regarding menstrual hygiene.

Quantitative Analysis of Bone, Blood Vessels, and Metastases in Mice Tibiae Using Synchrotron Radiation Micro-Computed Tomography

Bone metastases are one of the most dangerous consequences of breast cancer. Early diagnosis and treatment would slow down the development of the disease and increase the survival rates of patients. Bone micro-vasculature is believed to play a major role in the development of bone metastases. It could be used for both diagnosis and as a therapeutic target. Synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SR-µCT) with a contrast agent of blood vessels has been used to analyze the bone vasculature both in healthy and in metastatic bone. However, few studies have investigated the local features of blood vessels around metastases so far. For this purpose, the metastases first need to be automatically segmented. This is a challenging task, however, since the metastases do not contribute a specific contrast to the three-dimensional (3D) SR-µCT images. Here, we propose a new method for the simultaneous segmentation of bone, blood vessels, and metastases from contrast enhanced 3D SR-µCT images based on the nnU-Net architecture. In this study, we showed that only minimal training data was required to achieve a high quality of segmentation. The proposed method allowed for the automatic segmentation of metastases and provided an improved segmentation of bone and blood vessels compared to previous methods while being much more efficient to apply once trained. Further, the automatic segmentation allowed for the measurement of vascular metastases interdistance and to restrict measurements to volumes of interest around the metastases. Finally, we quantitatively analyzed blood vessel parameters locally around metastases. This allowed for the demonstration that a combined anti-angiogenic treatment significantly decreased the volume and thickness of blood vessels close to metastases. The proposed method showed the capacity of the method to reveal new aspects of the blood vessel structure interaction with metastases. This could be further used to both define new targets for precocious detection of metastases as well as to study the kinetics of metastasis development in bone and the action of drugs on this process.

Problems of establishing the content of socially dangerous consequences as a mandatory feature of the objective side of domestic violence

The article is devoted to the analysis of socially dangerous consequences as a mandatory feature of the objective side of domestic violence (Article 126-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine). The author establishes that the legislative approach to the formulation of socially dangerous consequences of domestic violence as evaluative features may lead to their arbitrary interpretation and, as a result, to the misapplication of the law on criminal liability. The imperfection of the legislative description of the consequences of this crime indicates the need to improve the disposition of the provision set out in Article 126-1 of the CC of Ukraine.
 In particular, attention is drawn to the difficulties in establishing the content of such features as «health disorder» and «disability». In order to avoid mistakes in the qualification of domestic violence, including its distinction with related crimes, it is proposed to supplement Article 126-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine with a note which would clearly define the guidelines for understanding these signs.
 The author considers the issue of qualification of actions of a person who systematically commits physical violence manifested in infliction of light bodily harm. Infliction of light bodily harm under Part 1 and Part 2 of Article 125 of the CC of Ukraine is fully covered by Article 126-1 of the CC of Ukraine, both on the basis of the act (physical violence) and on the basis of the consequence (physical suffering). Accordingly, there are no grounds for qualifying such actions as a set of criminal offences.
 It is established that the legislator does not provide clear guidelines for establishing the content of such consequences as «emotional dependence» and «deterioration of the quality of life». This legislative approach is questionable in the science of criminal law. These features are evaluative, and unlike other evaluative features often provided for in the articles of the CC of Ukraine, they are too vague and broad in scope and content, which gives rise to ambiguous interpretation and, consequently, arbitrary law enforcement. Given the specificity of determining the content of «emotional dependence» and «deterioration of the quality of life», these signs cannot be formalised, and therefore they should be removed from the disposition of Article 126-1 of the CC of Ukraine.

Enhanced removing of phosphate ions from agricultural drainage wastewater by using microwave-assisted synthesized attapulgite (Fullers earth) @carboxymethylcellulose nanocomposite

Contamination of various water resources with phosphate pollutant owing to the excessive use of phosphate fertilizers was labeled by dangerous consequences. Most of the water remediation methods are not efficient for phosphate recovery and always generate secondary wastes. Therefore, the current study is aimed to prepare a novel ecofriendly and sustainable APT500@CMC nanocomposite via simple covalent binding of thermally treated attapulgite clay at 500 °C (APT500) with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) using microwave irradiation process. The assembled nanocomposite was confirmed by diverse techniques. The optimum conditions for efficient 10, 25 and 50 mg/L PO43− removal were detected at pH 3, time 30 min, temperature 25 °C and mass 200 mg. The kinetic and isotherms were fitted both to a combination of pseudo 1st - 2nd orders and Langmuir model, while thermodynamic parameters verified PO43− removal via spontaneous and exothermic reaction behavior. The mode of interaction and binding of PO43− ions onto the surface of APT500@CMC were suggested via ion-pair interaction process. Excellent PO43− recovery (98.8 %) from real agricultural drainage wastewater was established. The explored APT500@CMC afforded good stability for five regeneration cycles. Therefore, the collected results confirm the validity of APT500@CMC for excellent removal of PO43− from real agricultural drainage wastewater.

The role of occupational safety in road works: Implementation of preliminary risk analysis in the execution of asphalt resurfacing

The aim of this research is to present, through the application of a risk analysis technique, a mapping of dangerous occurrences, the causes and consequences of the risks to which highway construction workers are exposed, as well as to recommend appropriate control measures for the case study investigated. A photographic survey was carried out on a critical stretch of road resurfacing work located on Avenida Dona Otília, in the São Pedro district of Manaus/AM. The Preliminary Risk Analysis (APR) technique was used to draw up a qualitative and quantitative opinion of each function included in the construction work process, with the aim of diagnosing the risks and finding improvements in the working conditions at each position, with a view to the well-being and protection of workers' lives. However, the survey indicated a higher incidence of physical risks, especially in the role of paver operator. It is therefore necessary to introduce an accident prevention policy, training workers to recognize potentially dangerous situations before accidents or near misses occur, and to keep records of both. Another important measure is to check the condition of EPI and implement equipment control sheets. The risk of being run over was observed in all functions, and it is important that there is adequate signage for employees on the road, the works and the maximum speed allowed on these stretches.

Introduction: How Mental Health Matters

Abstract The underpinnings of today's mental health crisis include both social structural inequities and neurobiological vulnerabilities. The COVID-19 pandemic has compounded and escalated a long-standing problem, rendering the mental health crisis and its dangerous consequences visible and exigent. We now possess a clearer and more nuanced understanding of the broken mental health care system and its serious inadequacies, as well as its potential for effective caregiving. The professional forms of knowledge and practice are paralleled by an even more substantial system of care involving families, networks, communities, and, of course, those living with mental health conditions themselves. Even when delivered by community care workers, psychotherapy can be as effective as somatic treatments for some mental health conditions. Harm reduction and other public health approaches offer means of preventing or mitigating the disastrous human toll of the substance use disorder epidemic. Social technology offers new opportunities for enhancing mental health and well-being. With these informal systems alongside standardized health care systems, the future could realize a mental health care system with much greater potential to avert the worst harms and offer effective care to many more.

Corporal Punishment as an Educational Practice for Burundian Children's Maladaptive Behavior: The Assessment of the Disposition of Children Education Stakeholders

Our study aims to investigate the factors that produce and sustain the use of corporal punishment in education in Burundi. To collect data, we used a life story approach with semi-structured interviews and direct and indirect observation of educational actors. Analysis of the empirical corpus of 50 educational actors enabled us to highlight the social and educational experiences of our interviewees drawn from their childhood. Religious beliefs, the personality of the educators and psychic tensions linked to the general context are the main reasons for the use of corporal punishment. The majority of our interviewees, including teachers, support the use of corporal punishment, provided it does not exceed certain limits. Sensitivity to the effects of corporal punishment on children is generally low. It changes and rises to physical and economic effects, which arise when corporal punishment results in serious bodily harm, requiring prolonged hospitalization of the victim. For our respondents, not punishing children would be synonymous with cowardice, a violation of biblical scripture, with a high risk of exposing children to more dangerous consequences. Finally, to prevent and reduce the early onset of maladaptive behavior in children, the introduction of positive parenting programs is indispensable in Burundian education.

A method for determining the environmentally safe residual content of oil and petroleum products in soils

Introduction. The Black Sea Coast of the Caucasus is one of the most important recreational and tourist regions for Russia. In recent years, it has been subjected to a sharply increased anthropogenic load, due to an increase in the number of tourists, accompanied by an increase in traffic flows and, as a result, an increase in environmental pollution, including oil hydrocarbons. The risks of leakage of oil products during transportation and pumping are increasing. To predict and prevent dangerous consequences of pollution, it is necessary to determine the environmentally safe residual content of oil and oil products in the soil, based on the regional ecological and geochemical characteristics of soils.
 Materials and methods. Laboratory modelling of contamination with oil and petroleum products (fuel oil, gasoline, diesel fuel) of sod-carbonate typical soil was carried out. To simulate pollution, oil and petroleum products were added to soil samples including fuel oil, gasoline, diesel fuel in a weight concentration of 1% (low pollution), 5% (medium pollution) and 10% (high pollution) of the soil mass. The exposure period lasted 30 days. After the specified period, changes in biological parameters (enzyme activity, radish root length, number of soil bacteria) were determined. Based on the listed parameters, the integral indicator of the biological state IIBS of the soil was calculated .
 Results. Oil and oil products pollution negatively affected the biological properties of the studied soil. A significant decrease in enzymatic activity, the number of bacteria, and the length of plant roots was recorded. The range of toxicity of the studied substances on biological indicators of soils is as follows: oil > fuel oil > gasoline > diesel fuel. The study made it possible to determine the maximum level of residual content of oil and petroleum products (fuel oil, gasoline, diesel fuel) in the refinery. For oil, it is 0.27%, for gasoline – 0.40%, for fuel oil – 0.30%, for diesel fuel – 0.45%.
 Limitations. The proposed limit levels of residual oil and petroleum products (fuel oil, gasoline, diesel fuel) in soils are applicable primarily on the territory of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus.
 Conclusion. The proposed limit levels of the residual content of oil and petroleum products (fuel oil, gasoline, diesel fuel) in the soils of the refinery area can be used by environmental, agricultural and scientific organizations

Comparison of the aggressiveness of hydrogen sulfide media to steel in the vapor and water phases

Corrosion resistance in hydrogen sulfide-containing environments of the main structural steels used in infrastructure facilities of gas fields has been studied. Gas objects are distinguished by the fact that most of the internal space of equipment and pipelines is in contact with the vapor phase, the internal corrosion of which under hydrogen sulfide conditions has been little studied. The corrosion rates and the composition of the formed corrosion products, which differ depending on the type of medium (water or steam), are determined. The phase composition (crystalline or X-ray amorphous) of the resulting products affects their protective ability and differs in the vapor and aqueous phases. It has been established that under gaseous conditions of moisture condensation, local pitting lesions are formed under fragile corrosion products. The thickness of the iron sulfide film in the vapor phase turned out to be lower than in the aqueous medium. It was revealed that dangerous corrosion consequences (in the form of blisters and cracking) appear on the studied samples of carbon and low-alloy steels, which are characteristic of the process of hydrogenation under conditions of hydrogen sulfide corrosion.

COLLECTION OF EVIDENCE THROUGH CRIMINAL PROVOCATION AND MEASURES TO PREVENT CONSOLIDATION

This article analyzes the practice of collecting evidence as a result of criminal provocation, legislation of foreign countries on the regulation of this issue and the opinions of scientists, the socially dangerous consequences of criminal provocation, the legal gaps in the current national legal documents, and the problems in practice. In particular, the practice of creating artificial evidence as a result of criminal provocation and accusing a person based on it has been seriously criticized by the European Court of Human Rights and the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD). The exact boundaries that distinguish criminal provocation from search activity have not been studied. On the basis of the above analysis, proposals are made to prevent cases of criminal provocation for collecting artificial evidence.

Climate realism: Policy proposals for effective decarbonisation and true sustainability in the EU

The EU has put forward a very ambitious policy agenda for decarbonising its economy and limiting the dangerous consequences of climate change. However, parts of its approach have become untenable. This article argues that the current design of the EU’s climate agenda is becoming financially and socially unsustainable. Spiralling fiscal costs, a scarcity of vital energy and resources, and increasing societal strain risk derailing the European Green Deal. The text puts forward a number of centre–right policy proposals for a more realistic European approach to climate change that would deliver true sustainability and take the EU towards climate neutrality.

PROBLEMS OF DEFINING THE CONCEPT OF “SOCIALLY DANGEROUS CONSEQUENCES” AND ITS DIFFERENTIATION WITH RELATED CATEGORIES IN CRIMINAL LAW

The purpose of the presented work is to study one of the problems of the categorical and conceptual apparatus of modern criminal law, expressed in the difficulties of distinguishing socially dangerous consequences from a number of other categories (dangerous consequences, criminal result), as well as determining the generic, key feature of the designated phenomenon, which prevents the formulation of its definition. Conclusions. The conducted research allowed us to correlate the designated phenomena and come to the conclusion that they are not identical and characterize different legal states. In addition, based on the study of the terms “harm”, “damage” and “negative changes”, the author formulated the concept of “socially dangerous consequences” in a narrow and broad sense.

Законодательная регламентация общественно опасных последствий преступлений в сфере экономики в советском уголовном законодательстве

In the presented article, using the historical and legal method, the legislative regulation of socially dangerous consequences of crimes in the sphere of economy in the Soviet criminal legislation is considered, the peculiarities of their construction in individual criminal legal acts are revealed. In particular, attention is drawn to the fact that in the uncodified criminal legislation of 1917–1922. the compositions of economic crimes contain practically no indications of the onset of socially dangerous consequences, however, since the Criminal Code of the RSFSR of 1922, they begin to be used in constructions providing for the protection of economic relations, subsequently, in the Criminal Code of the RSFSR of 1926 and 1960, socially dangerous consequences become an important criterion for the differentiation of criminal responsibility and are widely distributed in the regulation of the corresponding compositions of crimes. At the same time, the Criminal Law of 1960 did not disclose the content of certain consequences, granting these powers to law enforcement officials and courts, which negatively affected the uniformity and accuracy of the application of criminal legislation.

A Golden Age: Conspiracy Theories' Relationship with Misinformation Outlets, News Media, and the Wider Internet

Do we live in a "Golden Age of Conspiracy Theories?" In the last few decades, conspiracy theories have proliferated on the Internet with some having dangerous real-world consequences. A large contingent of those who participated in the January 6th attack on the US Capitol believed fervently in the QAnon conspiracy theory. In this work, we study the relationships amongst five prominent conspiracy theories (QAnon, COVID, UFO/Aliens, 9/11, and Flat-Earth) and each of their respective relationships to the news media, both mainstream and fringe. Identifying and publishing a set of 755 different conspiracy theory websites dedicated to our five conspiracy theories, we find that each of them often hyperlinks to the same external domains, with COVID and QAnon conspiracy theory websites having the strongest connections. Examining the role of news media, we further find that not only do outlets known for spreading misinformation hyperlink to our set of conspiracy theory websites more often than mainstream websites but this hyperlinking has increased dramatically between 2018 and 2021, with the advent of QAnon and the start of COVID-19 pandemic. Using partial Granger-causality, we uncover several positive correlative relationships between the hyperlinks from misinformation websites and the popularity of conspiracy theory websites, suggesting the prominent role that misinformation news outlets play in popularizing many conspiracy theories.

ZARURIY MUDOFAA CHEGARASIDAN CHETGA CHIQIB QASDDAN ODAM O‘LDIRISH JINOYATI TARKIBINI ANIQLASH VA KVALIFIKATSIYA QILISH MASALALARI

This article analyzes the issues of determining and qualifying the crime of intentional homicide, deviating from the limits of the necessary defense. Also, in the article, the objective side of murder, provided for in Article 100 of the Criminal Code, is characterized by the presence of the following signs: socially dangerous behavior of the defendant; a socially dangerous consequence in the form of the death of the aggressor; and the causal connection between the actions and the specified consequences are also highlighted. In addition, the necessary defense in the article is to repel aggression. As a basis for the use of defense, the aggression is committed by means of socially dangerous actions, and the socially dangerous aggression cannot be repelled by inaction, but the consequences arise by avoiding the negative effects of the aggressor, for example, running away or turning to law enforcement agencies for help. There are also ideas about not allowing it. Also, in the article, the necessary conditions of defense include not only criminal aggression but also the forces, means, and opportunities of the defender to repel this aggression, as well as other objective factors that determine the ratio of the forces of the aggressor and the defender and distinguish relatively favorable and unfavorable defense conditions. These damage limits, as well as significant implications for deviations from them, are also stated.

Construction of a 10rolGLP-1-expressing glucose-lowing Saccharomyces cerevisiae by CRISPR/Cas9 technique

To develop a novel glucose-lowering biomedicine with potential benefits in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, we used the 10rolGLP-1 gene previously constructed in our laboratory and the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technique to create an engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. The gRNA expression vector pYES2-gRNA, the donor vector pNK1-L-PGK-10rolGLP-1-R and the Cas9 expression vector pGADT7-Cas9 were constructed and co-transformed into S. cerevisiae INVSc1 strain, with the PGK-10rolGLP-1 expressing unit specifically knocked in through homologous recombination. Finally, an S. cerevisiae strain highly expressing the 10rolGLP-1 with glucose-lowering activity was obtained. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting results confirmed that two recombinant strains of S. cerevisiae stably expressed the 10rolGLP-1 and exhibited the desired glucose-lowering property when orally administered to mice. Hypoglycemic experiment results showed that the recombinant hypoglycemic S. cerevisiae strain offered a highly hypoglycemic effect on the diabetic mouse model, and the blood glucose decline was adagio, which can avoid the dangerous consequences caused by rapid decline in blood glucose. Moreover, the body weight and other symptoms such as polyuria also improved significantly, indicating that the orally hypoglycemic S. cerevisiae strain that we constructed may develop into an effective, safe, economic, practical and ideal functional food for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment.

Perceived social risks and farmers’ behavior in using urban wastewater in their farms

An alternative source of water in drought conditions is treated urban wastewater which can be used in the cultivation of some crops if properly managed. However, farmers consume it with no regard to its treatment, which will have dangerous consequences for the health of humans and the environment. Accordingly, this research aimed to study farmers' behavior in using urban wastewater considering perceived social risks. The study was conducted on farmers in the Sistan plain, Iran (N = 6000). The sample (361 farmers) was taken by the proportionally allocated stratified randomization technique. The extended Health Belief Model (HBM) was used to investigate the farmers' behavior. The results revealed that perceived social risks (health, environmental, and socio-ethical risks) had significant effects on the HBM components. Also, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and perceived self-efficacy had positive and significant effects on the farmers' behavior in using urban wastewater. The results may have practical consequences for policymaking and designing interventions for modifying farmers’ behaviors in using urban wastewater.

Intelligent Method for Classifying the Level of Anthropogenic Disasters

Anthropogenic disasters pose a challenge to management in the modern world. At the same time, it is important to have accurate and timely information to assess the level of danger and take appropriate measures to eliminate disasters. Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to develop an effective method for assessing the level of anthropogenic disasters based on information from witnesses to the event. For this purpose, a conceptual model for assessing the consequences of anthropogenic disasters is proposed, the main components of which are the following ones: the analysis of collected data, modeling and assessment of their consequences. The main characteristics of the intelligent method for classifying the level of anthropogenic disasters are considered, in particular, exploratory data analysis using the EDA method, classification based on textual data using SMOTE, and data classification by the ensemble method of machine learning using boosting. The experimental results confirmed that for textual data, the best classification is at level V and level I with an error of 0.97 and 0.94, respectively, and the average error estimate is 0.68. For quantitative data, the classification accuracy of Potential Accident Level relative to Industry Sector is 77%, and the f1-score is 0.88, which indicates a fairly high accuracy of the model. The architecture of a mobile application for classifying the level of anthropogenic disasters has been developed, which reduces the time required to assess consequences of danger in the region. In addition, the proposed approach ensures interaction with dynamic and uncertain environments, which makes it an effective tool for classifying.