Dangerous Spots Research Articles

Road surface prediction from acoustical measurements in the tire cavity using support vector machine

Traffic noise has large consequences on the appreciation of the living quality close to roads and leads to speech interference, sleep disturbances, and general annoyance. Furthermore, it impacts the economy as it increases the costs for noise abatement and decreases the value of properties, which are close to noisy road transport infrastructure. However, existing methods to measure tire/road noise lack in mobility, in the possibility of measuring comprehensively, and are expensive and sophisticated to use.We present a novel method and an exploitation model to predict different types of road surfaces based on tire cavity sound acquired under normal vehicle operation. With the information of the road surface, further parameters can be estimated, such as tire/road noise, tire/road friction or rolling resistance. Our method can be applied comprehensively and is inexpensive. In contrast to special measurement vehicles with laser profilometers, normal vehicles can be equipped with our measurement system and the data can be automatically analyzed with our method. Therefore, the road infrastructure can not only be monitored in fixed intervals of about one to four years but constantly.We tested our classifier with unseen data, which were not used for training. Our final classifier after post-processing has an average precision and recall of respectively 95.1 and 90.6% and a accuracy of 91.8%.The output of our model could be fused with other parameters such as weather data, to create a digital map to automatically identify noisy roads or dangerous spots with low tire road friction. This might be an important input for advanced driver assistance systems. Based on the detected road hazards, an optimal regulation of the vehicle speed could be achieved. For the civil engineering departments and road infrastructure operators, this tool could be used to perform a more efficient maintenance of the whole road infrastructure.

Anonymous Secure Framework in Connected Smart Home Environments

The smart home is an environment, where heterogeneous electronic devices and appliances are networked together to provide smart services in a ubiquitous manner to the individuals. As the homes become smarter, more complex, and technology dependent, the need for an adequate security mechanism with minimum individual's intervention is growing. The recent serious security attacks have shown how the Internet-enabled smart homes can be turned into very dangerous spots for various ill intentions, and thus lead the privacy concerns for the individuals. For instance, an eavesdropper is able to derive the identity of a particular device/appliance via public channels that can be used to infer in the life pattern of an individual within the home area network. This paper proposes an anonymous secure framework (ASF) in connected smart home environments, using solely lightweight operations. The proposed framework in this paper provides efficient authentication and key agreement, and enables devices (identity and data) anonymity and unlinkability. One-time session key progression regularly renews the session key for the smart devices and dilutes the risk of using a compromised session key in the ASF. It is demonstrated that computation complexity of the proposed framework is low as compared with the existing schemes, while security has been significantly improved.

The impact of processes associated with risk assessment and categorization of bathing waters on the water safety system development on the Polish Baltic coast

ABSTRACT Zalewski, T., Czapiewski, T, 2014. The impact of processes associated with risk assessment and categorization of bathing waters on the water safety system development on Polish Baltic coast. In: Green, A.N. and Cooper, J.A.G. (eds.), Proceedings 13th International Coastal Symposium(Durban, South Africa), Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 70, pp. 551–555, ISSN 0749-0208. The present paper attempted to systematize contemporary Polish water safety systems and create a preliminary evaluation of water safety system changes on the Polish Baltic coast using new legislation. The main focus is a risk assessment in the form of audits of bathing waters along with a categorization thereof. Detailed analyses included assessments of: the Act of 18 August 2011 –concerning the safety of persons in water–, administrators of the water area, entities authorized to perform water rescue, operational standards and reporting, monitoring with respect to dangerous bathing spots and drownings. An analysis is ...

2A1-C02 劣駆動型飛翔体の重心位置における特性変動実験(飛行ロボット・メカトロニクス(1))

Underactuated flying object of this research imitates a helicopter. The helicopter is applied in a large field from ability of flight such as vertical ascent, vertical descent and hovering. Especially manned helicopter is used for rescue, emergency activity and fire fighting at the time of disaster, and unmanned helicopter is precious sources of information in the danger spot where people cannot approach. However the helicopter is complex and a nonlinear system. Moreover, change of the center of gravity by collapse of cargo piles is considered as a cause of the plane crash in recent years. In this research, we examine the relation of the frequency response for pitch angle and the center of gravity of underactuated flying object in order to consider the stabilization method of the orientation.

Fatigue Research on Welding Joint of the Main Girder in Bridge Crane

Fatigue problems about large sized structure components ,such as bridge crane girder , has always been the bottleneck of mechanical products lightweight, reliability, security. In order to study fatigue problem about crane girder in the actual conditions, the dangerous spot of the girder is identified by using the finite element method to analyze structural stress. By simplified model , set up to reflect the main beam welding details of the characteristics of the small size of the process welding fatigue specimen model, and carried out a series of fatigue life test. Specimen fatigue test results quantitative descript the actual fatigue life of the bridge crane girder welded structures. By data fitting, the S-N curve equation of the bridge crane girder include the specific materials, the stress ratio, the welding process and special structure is obtained. It provides a scientific basis and practical methods to solve weld fatigue life design and the remaining life prediction about the crane girder.

Traffic safety impacts of irregular overtaking in left-turn lanes at road intersections outside built-up areas

Overtaking is a high risk maneuver for road users, still drivers often accept this risk, moreover they often commit irregular overtaking maneuvers. The paper gives some overview on traffic violations and irregular overtaking maneuvers. Left-turn lanes on major roads are usual elements of un-signalized at-grade junctions on two-lane roads outside urban areas. In several cases the left-turn lane, built for safety reasons, has the unintended negative effect, of becoming a dangerous spot. The paper analyses overtaking maneuvers at left-turn lanes on Hungarian roads. Site surveys were completed at typical sites outside built-up areas. Relationships between the frequency of irregular maneuvers, accident statistics, geometric parameters and traffic data are analyzed.

The detection of flaws in optoelectronic systems

Potentially dangerous spots (PDSs), for example, leaks in product pipelines (oil and gas pipelines), are revealed using optoelectronic systems (OESs) that are usually mounted on airborne vehicles (e.g., helicopters). Earlier, a relevant problem consisted of revealing the onset of leaks in PDSs; however, today it is necessary to detect the PDSs of leaks in order to prevent their development. The complexity of the problem is related to the fact that product pipelines are most often located near densely populated areas and near reservoirs with drinking water. The appearance of PDSs is usually characterized by deviations in the temperature and other physical parameters from standard values in small areas. The detection of such spots necessitates decreasing the flying height of an OES carrier. As a rule, this yields a deterioration of imaging quality and OES overheating, which decreases the efficiency of this PDS detection method. Conservative OES developers believe that a low imaging quality and OES overheating result from random flaws in the OES assembly. Contrary to this, it is shown that failures occur due to a deterministic flaw at the stage of designing drives for an OES platform.

History of Factory and Mine Hygiene

History of Factory and Mine Hygiene

AN INTEGRATED METHOD OF IDENTIFYING AND RANKING DANGER SPOTS FOR PEDESTRIANS ON MICROLOCATION

In traffic safety, various methods, procedures and techniques are adapted for traffic safety needs. Diverse methods lead to a different degree of exactness, accuracy and precision. The selection of research methods depends primarily on the research objective. Research methods most frequently applied for traffic safety include a statistical method, experiment, observation, tests, a questionnaire and interview, a comparison and analogy, etc. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages; however, a well devised combination of several methods and the reliability of research results can be increased. The problem of danger for pedestrians, as vulnerable road users, is constantly expressed and present in all regions. Therefore, special attention should be paid to pedestrian safety. To determine danger spots for pedestrians, the analyses of traffic accidents are most frequently used, which is the so called reactive approach to traffic safety improvement. Apart from the reactive approach, for the purpose of preventing traffic accidents in the future, it is necessary to combine some of the methods that can proactively indicate potential danger spots for pedestrians. This paper shows the method of identifying and ranking danger spots for pedestrians on micro locations, which incorporates the analysis of traffic accidents, the examination of the subjective attitudes of participants in traffic and the use of a conflict technique. Along with the so called ‘overlapping’ danger spots detected in the analysis of traffic accidents, danger spots detected based on the analysis of the subjective attitudes of pedestrians and drivers and danger spots detected in the conflict technique, a map of the so called objective and subjective danger spots is obtained. By eliminating all such identified danger spots, black spots as well as potential traffic accidents are removed. The method presented in this paper can be a very useful tool for decision-makers, for improving pedestrian safety on a micro location and for allocating funds.

Prototype System for Marking and Identification οf Dangerous Spots for Vision Impaired People - Size and Shape Testing Marking the Dangerous Spots Zone

Prototype System for Marking and Identification οf Dangerous Spots for Vision Impaired People - Size and Shape Testing Marking the Dangerous Spots Zone

Refinement of equipment for amorphous-ribbon production

Systems for melt supply to the cooling disk in the production of amorphous and microcrystalline ribbon are considered. For large-scale industrial production, the optimal technology includes lateral supply and inductive melting of the initial blank (regardless of the melt volume). The design of the casting nozzle must be free of danger spots; the material employed will depend on the composition of the melt being cast. For an ampoule system, remote visualization of the nozzle-disk gap is recommended, as well as remote control of the crucible motion. The use of a composite cooling disk reduces wobble at its working surface and simplifies the design. The influence of vibration on ribbon quality must be taken into account in selecting the drive and bearings. The device for removing the ribbon from the disk surface must provide auxiliary ribbon cooling.

THE HOT AREA EVACUATION MODEL APPLICATION IN LARGE SCALE GYMNASIUMS / EVAKUACIJOS IŠ KARŠTOSIOS ZONOS MODELIO TAIKYMAS DIDELĖMS GIMNAZIJOMS

Execution difficulties and financial constraints are encountered when conducting experiments of full scale evacuation exercises in large scale building. This study focuses on large gymnasiums. The concept of ‘Hot Area’ is proposed by focus groups of fire experts. The most dangerous spot in a building, Hot Area, is selected and analyzed based on the ranking method. Then, a Hot Area evacuation exercise is carried out to replace a full-scale evacuation exercise. In addition to simulating the Hot Area evacuation in Taipei Arena with Exodus software, an observation of a real life exiting of 2089 people is also conducted. Next, the observation result is compared with the software-simulated result. Finally, suggestions are made to provide a set of reference criteria for inspecting the same type of buildings when their construction works are completed. Santrauka Evakuacijos iš didelių pastatų eksperimentai yra sunkiai atliekami ir brangūs. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama evakuacija iš didelių gimnazijos pastatų. Tyrimas grindžiamas karštosios zonos sąvoka, pasiūlyta gaisrinės saugos ekspertų grupės. Karštoji zona yra pavojingiausia vieta pastate. Straipsnyje ši zona parenkama ir analizuojama taikant rikiavimo metodą. Parinkus pavojingają zoną, evakuacijos eksperimentas atliekamas iš jos, o ne iš viso pastato. Evakuacija modeliuota Taipėjaus arenos pastate taikant Exodus programą, modeliavimo rezultatai lyginti su tikraja 2089 žmonių evakuacija. Remiantis tyrimo rezultatais pasiūlyta keletas kriterijų, panašių pastatų inspekcijai atlikti baigus jų statybą.

(P1-51) Learning from a Cohort of Emergency Technicians & Doctors in Patient Assessment - A Survey in Secondary Hospital, Ningbo Area, China

BackgroundPatient assessment (PA) is one of the key points to Emergency Technicians and Doctors (ETD) in Emergency cases. Objective of this study is to investigate the general level of PA skill in ETD in a secondary hospital Ningbo and how ETD practice in different scenarios during PA process.MethodsA retrospective study was carried out by using a questionnaire .33 ETD which includes 3 Emergency Technicians and 30 Emergency Doctors (Male: Female = 2:1) were taken into the study. Thus the analysis of position dependent PA skill variation is difficult to carry out. Mean age of the subject was 28.2 years. Average working experience was 3.91 years.Analysis12% ETD did not carryout scene size-up before approaching victims.The same proportion (12%) of ETD didn't call Police /Fire Agency in risk situations. 1/3 doctors insisted in entering the dangerous spot. Almost 30% doctors ignored bystanders safety when assessing patients.10% doctors did not collect patient history during transferring. Only 30% of the doctors practice complete physical examination, others (70%) were inclined to assess main parts. 84% of the ETD would not carry cervical collar when approaching the injured. During assessment, 69.9% ETD neglected patient's medical tag. 94.1% ETD accepted Emergency Training with only once or twice a year.ConclusionAwareness on safety of scene and self protection is weak in ETD in PA. Less doctors examine patient completely. Most of ETD does not look for medical tag which is considered an important element in PA although it is not prevailed yet in Ningbo. No significant differences are perceived upon the gender of the worker. Systematic education programs and ongoing trainings with identified shortcomings in patient assessment skill of ETD in Secondary hospitals in Nigbo area are highly recommended.

A World Without Heroes (review)

Reviewed by: A World Without Heroes Karen Coats Mull, Brandon . A World Without Heroes. Aladdin, 2011. [464p]. (Beyonders) Trade ed. ISBN 978-1-4169-9792-4 $19.99 E-book ISBN 978-1-4169-9798-6 $9.99 Reviewed from galleys R Gr. 6-9. Jason's having a fairly ordinary day until a mishap at the zoo where he works lands him in another world. There he eventually comes upon a strange museum-like structure, where his adventure begins to take shape, and he discovers that he is the hero called to the world of Lyrian to find the word that will cause the unmaking of the despotic wizard emperor. Joined in his quest by another traveler from our world, Rachel, and a series of human and wizard-born helpers, Jason travels to remote and dangerous spots where the various syllables of the word are kept hidden, only to find that the emperor has been the orchestrating hand behind the journey all along. Though he's tricked into returning home, Jason is determined to rejoin Rachel and finish what he has started. Mull's world-making and character crafting are superb, both in Jason's life prior to his entry into Lyrian and throughout his subsequent adventures. The vividly depicted fantasy landscapes are integral to the quest in its various phases, and Jason and Rachel emerge as at once ordinary and believably brave and heroic. The wizard-born species feature traits and abilities that are useful, if a bit grotesque, but they're a crude lot against the manipulative, [End Page 339] seductive logic of the enemy emperor; Jason and his companions may be courageous and resilient, but they are opposing a cruel, incisive genius. The adventures that constitute the quest seem straightforward on the surface, if difficult, but the twist that they have all been part of a distracting game sets up an emotional enticement for Jason to return to Lyrian and depose this evil leader and for readers to wait breathlessly for the sequel. Copyright © 2011 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

The safety of Nigerian roads

The paper attempts to look into the causes of road crashes leading to deaths on African roads with Nigeria, Bode Saadu road as a case study. It falls along the...

침식과 침투영향을 고려한 하천제방의 위험도 평가

본 연구에서는 하천제방의 침식, 침투영향을 고려한 위험도 및 통합위험도를 산정하였다. 이를 위해 추계학적 강우변동 생성기법을 이용하여 생성된 태풍기와 장마기별 유량 및 수위수문곡선을 활용하여 하천제방에 대한 침식, 침투 그리고 통합 위험도를 산정하였다. 침식에 대한 하천제방의 위험도는 허용 소류력을 이용하여 평가하였고 침투류 해석은 각 제방별로 대표 제방단면을 선정 후 SEEP/W 모형을 통해 해석을 실시하였으며 한계동수경사법을 이용한 MFOSM 분석을 통해 제방의 침투붕괴 위험도를 산정하였다. 본 연구에서는 확정론적 분석방법과 달리 정량적인 위험도를 산정할 수 있었고 실제 강우 변동의 특성 및 다양한 제방파괴 요인을 반영하였으며, 이를 하나의 위험도로 통합하여 제시하고 있으므로 본 연구모형의 결과는 그 적용성에 있어 매우 유용할 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구모형은 향후 홍수에 대한 제방파괴 위험지점 파악 및 제내지 홍수위험도와 연계한 홍수보험, 주민대피지도 구축 등에 활용 될 수 있어 유역의 홍수통합관리시 효율적이고 체계적인 대책수립에 크게 기여할 것으로 판단된다. In this study the risk integrated erosion and seepage failure factor and combined risk of the levee embankment were assessed. For the research of the reliability, the risk assessment of erosion, seepage and both of them combined for the levee embankment were conducted using discharge curve and stage hydrograph generated by stochastic rainfall variation method during typhoon and monsoon season. The risk of erosion was evaluated using tractive force and the seepage analysis was performed by selecting representative cross sections for SEEP/W model analysis. And the probability of seepage failure was assessed with MFOSM analysis using critical hydraulic gradient method. Unlike deterministic analysis method, quantitative risk could be obtained and the characteristics of realistic rainfall variation patterns as well as a variety of factors contributing to levee failure could be reflected in this research. The results of this study show significantly enhanced applicability for the combined risk. As this model can be employed to determine dangerous spots for levee failure and to establish flood insurance linked with flood risk map, it will dramatically contribute to the establishment of both efficient and systematic measures for integrated flood management on a watershed.

Numerical simulation of the anti-shock performance of a gear case

Both sea battles and testing of ship in underwater explosions reveal unacceptably poor anti-shock performance of important shipboard equipment. Anti-shock performance of shipboard equipment is a significant factor determining fighting strength and survivability. The anti-shock performance of a shipboard gear case based on BV043/85 was investigated using numerical simulation. A geometric model of the gear case was built using MDT software and meshed in HyperMesh software, and then the finite element model of the gear case was formed. Using ABAQUS software, the anti-shock performance of the gear case was simulated. First, shock response of typical regions of gear case was determined. Next, some generalizations were made about the anti-shock performance of the gear case by analyzing the Mises stress of typical regions varied with shock inputs. Third, weak regions were determined from simulation results. The threshold values of shock resistance of the gear case at different impulse widths were obtained through interpolating the numerical simulation results selected from the most dangerous spot. This research provides a basis for further optimization of the design of gear cases.

Soğuk Savaş Dönemi Sonrası Kıbrıs Sorunu

The course of the Cyprus problem was changed with the end of the Cold War and new parameters entered the Cyprus issue. During the Cold War, Cyprus was important for the Western alliance and also it was considered as a soft link or dangerous spot for the NATO since the two NATO ally came face to face because of Cyprus. With the end of the Cold War and the EU membership process of the southern Cyprus included the EU to the Cyprus problem. The Annan Plan was introduced with the encouragement and pressure of the major EU states. In this article the Cyprus problem will be analyzed with the parameters of the post-Cold War era, the process of the Annan Plan and post-Annan Plan period.

Thermal Study of Enhanced Plastic Ball Grid Array Package with Flat Heat Spreader

Three-dimensional finite element simulations are performed to study the thermal performance of a thermally enhanced plastic ball grid array (EPBGA) package with a flat heat spreader adhered to the top surface of the package. Variables available for modification during simulation include heat spreader thickness, heat spreader conductivity and airflow. Specific study is made of the relative effects on thermal resistance of variation of heat spreader conductivity (from 0 to 350 W/m.K), heat spreader thickness (from 0 to 5.5 mm) and airflow speed (from 0 to 3 m/s). Improved thermal performance by use of a heat spreader is confirmed and dangerous package hot spots are minimized. Increasing the thermal conductivity of the heat spreader is found significant at levels up to around 100 W/m.K, but beyond this value the thermal performance improvement is negligible. Increasing heat spreader thickness is found to have a positive effect on thermal performance, but over the range (thickness >0.2 mm) the improvement is small. Increasing the airflow has a positive effect on thermal performance, but again the level of improvement decreases as the airflow increases.

Improving the performance of steel-zirconium adapters in RBMK process channels

In the present work, decreasing the annealing temperature in the most dangerous spot (in the zone of the steel-zirconium joint) by disconnecting the heater of the annealing vacuum furnace on the adapter was tested. The record of the thermal cycles, which was obtained with thermocouples, showed that in this case the temperature in the zone of the joint is 520-55°C