Danger Signs Of Pregnancy Research Articles

THE INFLUENCE OF ANIMATED VIDEO MEDIA ON PREGNANT WOMEN'S KNOWLEDGE ABOUT DANGER SIGNS OF PREGNANCY

Dangers in pregnancy need to be recognized and detected early so that they can be handled properly because every danger sign in pregnancy can result in complications in pregnancy. the aim of this research is to study the effect of animated video media on pregnant women's knowledge about the danger signs of pregnancy. pregnant in the working area of the Telaga Dewa Community Health Center, Bengkulu city. This research method uses a pre-test approach using one group pre-test and post-test design. The population of this study was only pregnant women, all pregnant women at the Telaga Dewa Community Health Center, Bengkulu City from January to April 2023, totaling 176 pregnant women. The sample consisted of 33 pregnant women whose samples were taken purposively. Data collection uses secondary and primary data. Data analysis was carried out using univariate tests, data normality tests, bivariate tests, and Wilcoxon tests. The search results obtained were: (1) Average knowledge before being given health education was 46.09; (2) The average knowledge after being given health education is 82.97. Research conclusions There is an influence of animated video media about danger signs in pregnancy in the work area of the Medan Telaga Dewa Community Health Center, Bengkulu City

INCREASING THE CAPACITY OF POSYANDU CADRES IN DETECTION EARLY DANGEROUS SIGNS OF PREGNANCY THROUGH EXPOSURE WARNENG BOOKLET

Intoduction : One of indicator of a country's health status is the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR). Maternal mortality during pregnancy and childbirth and postpartum can theoretically be prevented, if pregnant women and the community understand how to detect and treat early warning signs when there are dangers. Methode: organizing training using deductive models, using the Warneng Booklet for posyandu cadres Aim: To increase the knowledge and skills of posyandu cadres in early detection of pregnancy danger signs and early management. Result : There is an increase in knowledge of early detection of pregnancy danger signs by 5.76 points from the average pre-test value of 2.47 to 8.23 points. Increased knowledge of the early management of pregnancy danger signs from the average pre- test score of 1.78 to 7.9 and there was an increase in the skills of the posyandu cadres in providing education to pregnant women, as much as 6% can be seen from the difference in the average number of Yes, no questions on the checklist which was from 4, 90% to 10.90% from 12 observation points. Conclusion: Deductive model tutoring using the Warneng Booklet can increase knowledge about early detection of danger signs and early management of pregnancy complications as well as skills in providing education by cadres to pregnant women

Knowledge of Obstetric Danger Signs during Pregnancy in Prime Gravida Women Attending Ali Kamal Health Center, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq

Background: Pregnant mothers experience a number of physical and psychological changes due to pregnancy, which are part of a normal process. However, vaginal bleeding, severe headaches, blurred vision, high fever, swollen hands or face, and decreased foetal activity can be warning indicators. These warning signs typically point to an obstetric problem that could develop during pregnancy. Understanding these warning signs can empower women to make informed decisions and seek medical attention.
 
 Objective: The current study aims to assess the knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy of primigravidal women attending the Ali Kamal Health Center in Sulaimaniyah City.
 
 Materials and Methods: A non-probability, Purpousive sample of 126 pregnant women was used in this descriptive study. It was conducted at the Ali Kamal Health Center in Sulaimaniyah, Iraq from 16 January 2023 to 16 March 2023. A well-designed questionnaire was constructed, in which the first section focused on sociodemographic characteristics and the second section consisted of questions regarding obstetric characteristics. Ten questions about participants' knowledge of danger signs comprised the final section.
 
 Results: The findings revealed that 61.1% of participants had no knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy, 26.6% of mothers had adequate knowledge, and just 12.7% of participants had good knowledge. Age and education level have statistically significant or positive relationships with maternal knowledge. However, no statistically significant or positive relationships exist between maternal knowledge and occupation, monthly income, or place of residence.
 
 Conclusions: There was a lack of awareness of pregnancy danger signs among expectant mothers at the Ali Kamal Health Center. Pregnant women should be educated to be more aware of the warning indicators, as this will empower them to make informed decisions and seek the necessary medical attention.

The Effect of Health Education on Pregnancy Danger Signs on Increasing Knowledge of Third Trimester Pregnant Women

The Effect of Health Education on Pregnancy Danger Signs on Increasing Knowledge of Third Trimester Pregnant Women

Relationship Between Participation in Maternity Classes and Knowledge About Pregnancy and Childbirth

The participation of pregnant women in pregnant women's classes increases mothers' knowledge about the danger signs of pregnancy. Classes for pregnant women at the Krui Health Center run according to a predetermined schedule. However, after evaluating the K4 visit, it was found that the K4 achievement was still below the target of 95%. This study aimed to determine the relationship between maternal participation in pregnant women classes and knowledge about pregnancy and childbirth in the Working Area of ​​the Krui Health Center, Pesisir Barat Regency, in 2023. This type of research is quantitative with a cross-sectional design. The population in this study were all third-trimester pregnant women with gestational age > 36 weeks in the Working Area of ​​the Krui Health Center with a total of 51 people. The sampling technique used is total sampling. Data collection instruments used questionnaires and the MCH book. Data analysis in this study used univariate and bivariate (chi-square). The results of this study indicate that 29 (56.9%) respondents actively attended classes for pregnant women, and 28 (54.9%) respondents had good knowledge. The data analysis results show a relationship between mothers' participation in pregnant women's classes and learning about pregnancy and childbirth in the Working Area of ​​the Krui Health Center, Pesisir Barat Regency, in 2023, with a p-value of 0.042. Pregnant women are expected to actively participate in classes for pregnant women to increase their knowledge about matters in pregnancy and childbirth.

PENGARUH PROMOSI KESEHATAN MELALUI AUDIO VISUAL TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN TANDA BAHAYA KEHAMILAN

Objective: According to WHO, the maternal mortality rate in the world is 303,000 people. The maternal mortality rate in ASEAN is 235/100,000 live births. Low knowledge of mothers regarding danger signs of pregnancy is one of the factors causing the increase in MMR.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health promotion through audio visual media in increasing mother’s knowledge about danger signs of pregnancy.Methods: The type of research used is quantitative research with a pre-experimental design, using a one-group pretest-posttest design approach without a control group. The population in this study were 70 primigravida mothers who were processed using probability sampling technique and used random sampling to obtain a total sample of 59 primigravida mothers. Data collection techniques used primary data by filling out questionnaires. This study used the Wilcoxon Test.Results: The results of this study indicated that before carrying out health promotion through audio visual media, knowledge is in the Less category (57.6%) and after being given health promotion, knowledge becomes good by (88.1%). Based on these data, it can be concluded that the use of audio visual media for danger signs of pregnancy can increase the knowledge of primigravida mothers because audio visual media can absorb as much as 50% of memory and stimulate the senses of hearing and vision so that the results obtained are maximized. From the results, it can be concluded there was an increase in the knowledge of primigravida mothers as evidenced by the results obtained. If the P value = 0.000, so P value < 0.05. It means that health promotion through audio visual media has an influence on increasing the knowledge of primigravida mothers at TPMB Muarofah Surabaya. Conclusion: The knowledge of primigravida mothers has increased after carrying out health promotion through the audio visual media of danger signs in pregnanc

The Influence of Maternal Empowerment Through Maternal Class on Maternal Knowledge about Pregnancy Danger Signs

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) remain serious issues related to pregnancy and childbirth. To address this problem and enhance maternal knowledge about pregnancy danger signs, innovative efforts through maternal classes are necessary. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of maternal empowerment through maternal classes on maternal knowledge about pregnancy danger signs in UPT Karangan Primary Health Center, Kutai Timur Regency. This study utilized a pre-experimental design with one-group pretest and posttest. The purpose was to assess the influence of maternal empowerment through maternal classes on maternal knowledge in UPT Karangan Primary Health Center, Kutai Timur Regency. The population consisted of 54 pregnant women who attended maternal classes in UPT Karangan Primary Health Center during the period of July 2022 to November 2022. Nonprobability sampling technique was used to select a sample of 22 pregnant women. The test statistic showed that the Sig (2-tailed) value was 0.008, which is less than α (α=0.05). Based on the analysis using the Mc Nemar test, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between pretest and posttest scores in the first and second meetings. Maternal empowerment through maternal classes significantly enhances knowledge about pregnancy danger signs. Expert teaching and class evaluation contribute to the effectiveness of this program in reducing maternal and infant mortality rates.

Improving Mother’s Knowledge in Early Detection of Pregnancy and Childbirth Complication

Pregnancy and childbirth complications and high risks, which are estimated to occur in 15–20% of pregnant women, are not all detected early. For those detected, not all of them have been handled in a timely and adequate manner. In one of the provinces in Indonesia, namely Lampung, there are still many women giving birth at home. Research results in the form of population-based information about birth complications in mothers must rely on reporting about mothers' experiences through interviews. The Community Health Center has carried out health promotion activities both periodically and incidentally about the health of mothers and babies. However, it is very unfortunate that people do not really understand the danger signs and how to detect early labor, so treatment is still too late. The targets for this activity were 30 pregnant and breastfeeding mothers who came to Posyandu. The types of activities carried out include providing education about recognizing the danger signs of pregnancy and childbirth and using the IKA-LIN booklet as an instrument for detecting childbirth complications. All community service participants were given a pre-test, followed by a presentation regarding the danger signs of pregnancy, after which booklets were given to all participants, and the final stage was the post-test. The final session also included questions and answers regarding the mother's experience during childbirth. There was an increase in mothers' knowledge based on the results of the pre-test and post-test.

Penyuluhan Tentang Tanda Bahaya Kehamilan Di TPMB Hj. Mardiawati

The health of pregnant women is one of the national health indicators. The Center for Indonesian Medical Students' Activities (CIMSA) considers that the health figures for pregnant women in Indonesia cannot be categorized as good. So early detection of pregnancy complications can be used as an effort to prevent complications in pregnancy. The still high maternal mortality rate (MMR) and infant mortality rate (IMR) can be caused by several factors, one of which is the lack of optimal antenatal care and low maternal knowledge about danger signs in pregnancy. Pregnant women's knowledge about danger signs in pregnancy is one of the factors that can influence pregnant women at high risk of experiencing danger signs in pregnancy. The main causes of maternal death, namely preeclampsia, bleeding and infection, can be prevented if the signs are recognized early. These signs are known as danger signs of pregnancy. Therefore, pregnant mothers should learn more about the danger signs of pregnancy. The aim of this activity is to increase mothers' knowledge about the danger signs of pregnancy. This activity was carried out at TBMB Hj. Mardiawati on September 5 2020. The target of this activity is pregnant women who are pregnant women who are at TBMB Hj. Mardiawati. The methods used in this community service activity include counseling, discussion, Javanese questions. After counseling, pregnant women understand and know about the danger signs in pregnancy.

Determinants of maternal mortality in south-western Nigeria: Midwives’ perceptions

BackgroundMaternal mortality remains one of Nigeria's most significant public health challenges. In order to address this issue sustainably, it is necessary to consider the perceptions of all stakeholders involved, including midwives. ObjectivesTo examine the determinants of maternal mortality in south-western Nigeria from the midwife's perspective. DesignA cross-sectional study was employed using mixed methods with a semi-structured questionnaire and an in-depth interview guide. ParticipantsQuantitative data were obtained from 215 midwives using a convenience sampling technique. Qualitative data were obtained from 25 midwives from five government health centres, selected using a stratified sampling technique. MethodsQuantitative data were analysed using SPSS Version 20 using descriptive and inferential statistics with 95 % confidence intervals, while qualitative data were analysed using thematic analyses. FindingsThe mean age and work experience of the participants were 35.2 ± 9.3 years and 8.4 ± 7.0 years, respectively. The midwives perceived that the main determinants of maternal mortality were postpartum haemorrhage (86.5 %), hypertensive disorder in pregnancy (80.9 %), mismanagement at mission homes/traditional birth attendant centres (MH/TBAs) (79.1 %) and sepsis (70.1 %). Some of the priority target areas to improve the well-being of pregnant women as identified by the midwives, were increased awareness of pregnancy danger signs (97 %), destigmatising caesarean section (CS) (96 %), regulation of MH/TBAs (92 %), and increased accessibility of hospitals (84 %). Findings from the qualitative data also affirmed that regulating MH/TBAs, destigmatising CS and subsidising healthcare expenses were prerequisites to curbing maternal mortality. Inferential analysis revealed that determinants such as unsafe abortion (p < 0.001), ectopic pregnancy (p = 0.001), domestic violence (p = 0.023), malaria (p = 0.029), short interbirth interval (p = 0.03), and patients’ negative perceptions of CS delivery (p = 0.036) were more commonly perceived to be associated with maternal mortality by younger midwives (age 17–34 years) compared with older midwives. Key conclusionThe results indicate that resolving the maternal mortality crisis sustainably in Nigeria will require increased accessibility to basic health care and health promotion campaigns to counteract unhelpful sociocultural norms. Implications for practiceFuture interventions must be tailored to address both traditional and emerging causes of maternal mortality in southwestern Nigeria.

A Cluster Randomised Control Trial of an SMS-Based Intervention to Promote Antenatal Health amongst Pregnant Women in a Remote, Highland Region of Vietnam.

Although Vietnam has achieved significant improvements in maternal, newborn, and children's health, outcomes for ethnic minorities living in remote mountainous areas continue to lag. Interventions that leverage the extensive mobile networks in the country have been proposed as a way to overcome some of these challenges. A cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT) was conducted to assess the effectiveness of an intervention comprising tailored SMS messages for promoting antenatal care knowledge and behaviours amongst ethnic minority (EM) pregnant women. The cRCT was implemented across eight intervention communes (640 women) and four control communes (315 women) in Northern Vietnam. Maternal health-related knowledge and behaviour outcomes and self-rated health status were assessed through questionnaires administered pre- and post-intervention. Difference-in-difference and logistic regression analysis found that the intervention group showed significant improvements in awareness about the danger signs of pregnancy and the importance of nutritional supplements. Significant improvements were seen in antenatal care-seeking behaviours and the intake of nutritional supplements. Mobile messaging-based behaviour change interventions can significantly improve maternal health-related knowledge and care-seeking amongst women residing in marginalised, hard-to-reach populations.

Psychosocial effects of adverse pregnancy outcomes and their influence on reporting pregnancy loss during surveys and surveillance: narratives from Uganda.

In 2021, Uganda had an estimated 25,855 stillbirths and 32,037 newborn deaths. Many Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (APOs) go unreported despite causing profound grief and other mental health effects. This study explored psychosocial effects of APOs and their influence on reporting these events during surveys and surveillance settings in Uganda. A qualitative cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2021 in Iganga Mayuge health and demographic surveillance system site, eastern Uganda. Narratives were held with 44 women who had experienced an APO (miscarriage, stillbirth or neonatal death) and 7 men whose spouses had undergone the same. Respondents were purposively selected and the sample size premised on the need for diverse respondents. Reflexive thematic analysis was undertaken, supported by NVivo software. 60.8% of respondents had experienced neonatal deaths, 27.4% stillbirths, 11.8% miscarriages and almost half had multiple APOs. Theme one on psychosocial effects showed that both women and men suffered disbelief, depression, shame and thoughts of self-harm. In theme two on reactions to interviews, most respondents were reminded about their loss. Indeed, some women cried and a few requested termination of the interview. However, many said they eventually felt better, especially where interviewers comforted and advised them. In theme three about why people consent to such interviews, it was due to the respondents' need for sensitization on causes of pregnancy loss and danger signs, plus the expectation that the interview would lead to improved health services. Theme four on suggestions for improving interviews highlighted respondents' requests for a comforting and encouraging approach by interviewers. Psychosocial effects of APOs may influence respondents' interest and ability to effectively engage in an interview. Findings suggest that a multi-pronged approach, including interviewer training in identifying and dealing responsively with grieving respondents, and meeting needs for health information and professional counselling could improve reporting of APOs in surveys and surveillance settings. More so, participants need to understand the purpose of the interview and have realistic expectations.

Analysis of Mother's Pregnancy Knowledge at Az-Zahra Primary Clinic Tangerang

The prevalence of cesarean sections as much as 80% have exceeded the figure recommended by WHO, about 10-15%, supported by several factors. One of them is self-autonomy which is not owned by the mother causing a lack of knowledge about pregnancy. Knowledge has an effect of 1.8 times on readiness for pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. Antenatal education is a service requested by most pregnant women worldwide such as childbirth education programs or birth preparation classes. This research uses a qualitative research design. Data collection was done through in-depth interviews using a sample of 9 main informants (pregnant women). The primary and secondary qualitative data were collected through data processing and analysis techniques, imported into NVivo and classified according to the type of data to facilitate the processing and analysis of data in NVivo 12 Plus. Knowledge of the pregnancy process of pregnant women with low results; Knowledge of pregnancy signs of pregnant women with low results; Knowledge of the benefits of pregnancy examination with high results; Knowledge of the examination schedule of pregnant women is high; Knowledge of physical changes of pregnant women with low results; Knowledge of gestational age with high results; Knowledge of pregnancy danger signs with low results. Knowledge of pregnant women about pregnancy with results is still lacking, namely the knowledge of the pregnancy process, signs of pregnancy, physical changes, and signs of danger of pregna Therefore, it is necessary to provide educational services at Pratama Az-Zahra Tangerang Clinic.&#x0D; Keywords: section caesarea, knowledge, pregnant women, pregnancy

Analisis Hubungan Komplikasi Kehamilan Dengan Kejadian Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah di Indonesia (Analisis Data Sekunder Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2017)

Pregnancy complications are problems or health problems that often occur during pregnancy, and can impact not only the health of the mother but also the newborn. High risk during pregnancy occurs in pregnant women under the age of 19 and over 35 years and the length of marriage is over 5 years. Further analysis of this secondary data is descriptive of analytics conducted using a Cross-sectional design. Research sites throughout the Province in Indonesia, conducted from July 24 to September 30, 2019. The secondary data was re-processed by researchers with several different variables in 2019. The samples in this study were all SDKI 2017 samples that met the criteria of 16,343 samples. Then the data is analyzed with univariate analysis, bivariate with a chi-square test, and multivariate with a logistics regression test. The results of the univariate analysis found that the percentage of babies born with LBW was 7.53% and the proportion of respondents who had pregnancy complications was 87.96%. Then the bivariate analysis obtained that there is a relationship between pregnancy complications with the incidence of BBLR obtained a p-value of 0.025 or a value of 0.81. Later multivariate analysis showed that the most influential factors were birth distance with OR=1.12 and Antenatal Care services (ANC) with OR=1.22. Then the factors associated with causing LBW are complications, maternal age, and socioeconomic status with a p-value of &lt;0.05. There is a link between pregnancy complications and LBW events with a p-value of 0.025. Pregnancy complications have a connection to the incidence of LBW, it is necessary for every pregnant woman to be able to increase knowledge of the danger signs of pregnancy.

Hubungan Pengetahuan Tentang Tanda Bahaya Dalam Kehamilan Dengan Keteraturan Antenatal Care Di Puskesmas Batua Kecamatan Manggala Kota Makassar

The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between knowledge about danger signs in pregnancy and the regularity of Antenatal Care at the Batua Community Health Center, Manggala District. The research design used in this study is observational with a "Cross Sectional Study" approach, where the dependent variable and independent variables are collected simultaneously at the same time to obtain information about the relationship between pregnant women's knowledge about danger signs in pregnancy and the regularity of Antenatal Care. The population in this study were all 45 mothers who had their pregnancy checked. The sampling technique in this research was purposive sampling so that the sample obtained was 35 people. Data collection was obtained through questionnaires given directly to respondents. The data analysis techniques used are bivariate analysis and univariate analysis. The research results showed that knowledge of pregnant women about danger signs in pregnancy was mostly in the good category, namely 25 people (80.6%), the regularity of Antenatal Care among pregnant women was mostly in the regular category, namely 21 people (67.7%), and knowledge about danger signs in pregnancy. with the regularity of Antenatal Care for pregnant women at the Batua Community Health Center, Manggala District, Makassar City for the period February 2022 (p=0.003).

Provision of Education on the Signs of Pregnancy Danger to Pregnant Women in the Kapuas Primary Health Care Area, Central Kalimantan.

Limited knowledge of pregnant women about danger signs of pregnancy poses a risk of problems in pregnancy. The purpose of this counseling is so that pregnant women can increase their knowledge and maintain health during pregnancy. The method used is counseling by exposing material about danger signs in pregnancy accompanied by evaluation of activities in the form of pretest and posttest. The result of this counseling is a significant increase in knowledge as indicated by the results of the posttest with a score of 90% for the participants. The conclusion from this activity is that the implementation of community service in the form of health education regarding danger signs of pregnancy significantly affects mother's knowledge.

Maternal Mortality Over a Seven-Year Period of Conflict at Jiblah Referral Hospital in Ibb City, Yemen: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Background Fragile and conflict-affected states contribute to more than 60% of the global burden of maternal mortality. There is an alarming need for research exploring maternal health service access, quality, and adaptive responses during armed conflict. This study aims to review all cases of maternal mortality during a seven-year period of conflict at Jiblah Referral Hospital, Ibb, Yemen. Methodology A retrospective, observational study was conducted between 2011 and 2017, including all maternal deaths that occurred at Jiblah Referral Hospital, Ibb, Yemen. Data on maternal demographics, characteristics, intrapartum care, and cause of death were collected. Additionally, we compared patient characteristics according to residency (rural versus urban). Results During the study period, of the 2,803 pregnant women admitted to our hospital, 52 maternal deaths occurred. Their mean age was 29.0 ± 6.2 years, and most (63.5%) were aged less than 30 years. Most (88.5%) did not have a regular antenatal care visit, were referred cases (86.5%), were residents of rural areas (63.5%), and had a low socioeconomic condition (59.6%). The majority of maternal deaths were reported among women with gestational age (GA) of 24-34 weeks (57.7%) and primiparas women (42.3%). At hospital arrival, the majority of cases were in shock (69.2%). The majority of the mothers died during the intrapartum period (46.2%). The main cause of death was severe bleeding (32.7%), followed by eclampsia (25.0%). The mean time from admission to death was 3.0 ± 1.2 days (range = 1-6). Among all maternal deaths, 76.9%, 75.0%, and 26.9% had delays in seeking care, delays in reaching first-level health facilities, and delays in receiving adequate care in a facility, respectively. Additionally, most patients had at least two delays (57.7%). These delays were due to unawareness of danger signs in 57.7% and illiteracy and ignorance in 78.8% of cases. In comparison, according to residency, maternal mortality was statistically significant among mothers living in a rural area with GA of 25-34 weeks (24 vs. 6, p = 0.015). Additionally, maternal mortality due to delay in seeking care, unawareness of danger signs, and having at least two delays were statistically significant among rural mothers (p < 0.05). Conclusions Our study demonstrates that maternal deaths occurred among young women, referred cases, with no regular antenatal care visits, low socioeconomic conditions, and who were residents of rural areas. Delays in seeking care and delays in reaching first-level health facilities were the most common causes of maternal death due to unawareness of danger signs, illiteracy, and ignorance. We recommend that imparting basic skills and improving awareness in the community about the danger signs of pregnancy can be effective measures to detect maternal complications at an earlier stage, especially in rural areas.

Contribution of Medical Education through Role Playing in Community Health Promotion: A Review.

Didactic lecture is most commonly used method to teach medical students in Family and Community Medicine. However, considering its demerits and the need to integrate theoretical knowledge into practice, the objective of this paper is to review the contribution of role play in medical education and to propose it's applications to deliver healthcare services in community more effectively. Research studies on role play were searched in PubMed, Google scholar, Google using terms role play, medical education, community medicine, family medicine, health promotion, awareness during the period between January 2000 up to December 2021 to evaluate the potential and contribution of role play in medical education and health promotion. Review of role play and related researches were included to analyze the outcome. The outcomes of different studies analyzed were showing several teaching methodologies used in medical field. Several studies have tested role play in other medical specialities and have found it to be a powerful educational tool. However, not many studies have tested its effectiveness to educate students in Family and Community Medicine although it could have immense practical applications like demonstrating and creating awareness in the community about the importance of cancer screening, breast feeding, immunisation, food fortification, genetic screening, premarital counselling, ante natal checkups, danger signs in pregnancy. Role play simulates real scenarios enabling students to apply their skills and knowledge into practice in real time. It can integrate theory concepts into practice. Hence, it must be introduced in medical curriculum to achieve the objectives of teaching and learning more effectively.

POLICIES TO REDUCE HOME DELIVERY IN INDONESIA: WHO SHOULD BE THE TARGET?

Introduction: Home delivery increases the chance of maternal death. Aims: The study examines suitable targets for developing policies to reduce home births. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 15,357 mothers through stratification and multistage random sampling, including 13 independent variables: age, education, employment, marital, parity, insurance, knowledge of pregnancy danger signs, antenatal care (ANC), residence, the autonomy of health and family finance, household head sex, and wealth. We examined the data using binary logistic regression. Results: About 23.8% of mothers deliver at home. Older age, higher education, primiparous, insured, knowing the pregnancy danger signs, living in an urban area, and doing ANC ≥4 times were protective factors to not home delivery. Being employed, married, having a male household head, and being poor were risk factors for home delivery. Mothers without health autonomy are less likely to deliver at home than those with health autonomy. Mothers with family finance autonomy are 1.239 times more likely than those without to give home birth. Conclusion: The target to reduce home deliveries: young, low education, employed, married or divorced/widowed, having many children, uninsured, do not know pregnancy danger signs, doing ANC &lt;4 times, living in a rural area, have no health autonomy, have no family finance autonomy, having a male household head, and poor. Keywords: big data, home delivery, maternal health, maternity care, population health, public health.

POLICIES TO REDUCE HOME DELIVERY IN INDONESIA: WHO SHOULD BE THE TARGET?

Introduction: Home delivery increases the chance of maternal death. Aims: The study examines suitable targets for developing policies to reduce home births. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 15,357 mothers through stratification and multistage random sampling, including 13 independent variables: age, education, employment, marital, parity, insurance, knowledge of pregnancy danger signs, antenatal care (ANC), residence, the autonomy of health and family finance, household head sex, and wealth. We examined the data using binary logistic regression. Results: About 23.8% of mothers deliver at home. Older age, higher education, primiparous, insured, knowing the pregnancy danger signs, living in an urban area, and doing ANC ≥4 times were protective factors to not home delivery. Being employed, married, having a male household head, and being poor were risk factors for home delivery. Mothers without health autonomy are less likely to deliver at home than those with health autonomy. Mothers with family finance autonomy are 1.239 times more likely than those without to give home birth. Conclusion: The target to reduce home deliveries: young, low education, employed, married or divorced/widowed, having many children, uninsured, do not know pregnancy danger signs, doing ANC &lt;4 times, living in a rural area, have no health autonomy, have no family finance autonomy, having a male household head, and poor. Keywords: big data, home delivery, maternal health, maternity care, population health, public health.