Damanhour University Research Articles

ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PATTERNS AMONG BACTERIAL PATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES IN SANA'A HOSPITALS

Background and objectives: Yemen is among the developing nations where antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is posing a danger to public health. AMR can lead to increased morbidity and mortality from treatment failures and a lack of effective therapies. Particularly in the research arena, there is a dearth of knowledge about the antimicrobial resistance patterns of frequently isolated, locally occurring diseases. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the diseases' microbiological profiles and resistance trends in Sana'a, Yemen. Methods: In Sana'a, Yemen, a retrospective study was carried out at various governmental and private hospitals between June and September of 2020. Information about antibiotic susceptibilities and cultures was taken from the microbiology department's 2019 files. The data analysis method employed was descriptive statistics. Results: This study includes 4156 pathogen isolates, with 58.2% of the isolates being Gram negative. Of all the isolates, urine (26.1 %, n = 1086) and pus specimens (24.6 %, n = 1025) demonstrated the greatest detection rates. The most often isolated pathogens were S. aureus (35.6%, n=1479), E. coli (29.2%, n=1215), P. aeroginosa (14.1%, n=586), and Klebsiella species (10.7%, n=443). The highest rates of resistance were found for cephalosporins (cefixime 90%, cefadroxil 87.9%, cefepime 72%, and ceftriaxone 70%) and penicillins (carbincillin 87%, amoxacillin 80%, and amoxacillin/clavulanic acid 77%). Gram positive and Gram negative isolates showed minimal resistance to linezolid and vancomycin, with Enterococcus showing higher resistance. Colistin was most effective against Gram negative, while E. coli, Klebseilla, and Proteus showed high resistance. Conclusions: The high rate of resistance discovered in the current study in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms is alarming and highlights the necessity of routinely determining the prevalence of resistance in a given area in order to guide empirical therapy and choose the most effective course of antibiotic treatment. Peer Review History: Received 27 March 2024; Revised 8 May 2024; Accepted 27 June; Available online 15 July 2024 Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, gorkemdulger@yandex.com Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Dr. Heba M. Abd El-Azim, Damanhour University, Egypt, h_m_abdelazim@hotmail.com Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, drambia44@gmail.com

Sustainability consciousness among nursing students in Egypt: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundRecognizing nurses as pivotal change agents and urgent preparation for the next generation is crucial for addressing sustainability issues and cultivating a sustainable healthcare system. Reports highlight gaps in the integration of sustainable development goals (SDGs) into nursing curricula, prompting the International Council of Nurses to stress the importance of sustainable development in nursing education. The extent to which nursing students are aware of sustainability issues remains to be determined. This study addresses a global and Egyptian research gap by evaluating and comparing Sustainability Consciousness (SC) levels among nursing students at three universities, providing insights into awareness, attitudes, and behaviors related to sustainability.MethodsThis descriptive comparative study was conducted across three nursing faculties within three Egyptian public universities. The target population for this study was undergraduate nursing students enrolled in these universities during the academic year 2022-2023. This study used the extended version of the Sustainability Consciousness Questionnaire (SCQ-L) to measure individuals' knowingness, attitudes, and behaviors related to the three dimensions of sustainable development: environmental, social, and economic.ResultsMore than half of the nursing students across the three universities expressed unfamiliarity with the SDGs. Social media was the most common source of information across the three universities. Sohag University recorded the highest median (IQR) scores in sustainability knowingness (72.0, IQR: 70.0-81.0), attitudes (56.0, IQR: 53.0-61.5), and behavior (65.0, IQR: 60.0-69.0) across their respective dimensions, as well as in overall SC (195, IQR: 184.5-208.5). This was followed by Damanhour University, with a median score of 179.0 (IQR: 124.5-194), and then Alexandria University, with a median score of 116.0 (IQR: 85.5-153), all of which were significantly different (all with p values=0.000). Older students from rural areas exhibited higher SC median scores, while students with insufficient family income and no familiarity with the SDGs had lower SC scores.ConclusionsThis study highlighted the prevalent reliance on social media for information among nursing students across these universities, emphasizing the pivotal role of academic institutions in integrating sustainability development concepts in nursing education. Sohag University's notable commitment to sustainability practices has contributed to the higher SC of its students compared to Alexandria and Damanhour Universities. The study also identified age, place of residence, family income, and familiarity with the SDGs as consistent predictors of sustainability consciousness.

Evaluation of Education Crisis Management Preparedness Among Faculty of Nursing Staff at Damanhour University During Pandemic Covid-19

Evaluation of Education Crisis Management Preparedness Among Faculty of Nursing Staff at Damanhour University During Pandemic Covid-19

The effect of a distance education training program on nurse Interns' readiness for distance education and their perceptions of lifelong learning.

The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of a distance education training program on nurse interns' readiness for distance education and their perceptions of lifelong learning. A quasi-experimental research approach with one-group, pre/post-test was used. The study used a quasi-experimental research approach and was carried out at Damanhour University's Faculty of Nursing. A study was carried out on 345 interns' students. All nursing interns enrolled in the 2020-2021 internship training year. The researchers employed a program that contained a distance education readiness assessment as well as a questionnaire about the perceived advantages of lifelong learning. The majority (99.7%) of nurse interns were highly ready for distance education, whereas only 0.3 percent were moderately ready following the training program implementation immediately. In comparison to pre-training, the majority (91.9%) of them were somewhat ready for distance education, while just 7.2 percent were highly prepared. Furthermore, the majority (97.1%) of them had high total skills of distance education after implementation of the training program by 3 months, and 95.4 percent had high total skills of learning immediately after the training program, whereas 26.1% of nurse interns had high total skills before the training program, at p value 0.01.

Impact of Web-Based Educational Intervention on Preventive Behaviors of Breast Cancer among Damanhour University Female Students

Impact of Web-Based Educational Intervention on Preventive Behaviors of Breast Cancer among Damanhour University Female Students

Determinants of Internet Usage among Damanhour University Students

Determinants of Internet Usage among Damanhour University Students

Effect of cigarette smoking cessation educational intervention based on the trans-theoretical model using motivational interviewing on Egyptian males' smoking knowledge and behavior: A randomized controlled trial

Background & Aim: The trans-theoretical model suggests that stage-matched interventions improve the effectiveness of behavior changes such as quitting. This study aims to examine the effect of stage-matched smoking cessation educational intervention based on the trans-theoretical model using motivational interviewing on Egyptian males' knowledge, stage movement, and smoking cessation rate.
 Methods & Materials: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in the main building of Damanhour University, Egypt. The participants were selected using simple random sampling (N=165), then allocated to both experimental (N=82) and control (N=83) groups using the randomization block technique. Data was collected using a structured interview schedule. The instrument contained five parts: Personal Characteristics and Smoking data, Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire, Tobacco Cessation Readiness Scale, Smoking Knowledge Scale, and trans-theoretical Model constructs questionnaire. The experimental group received ten months of educational intervention using face-to-face and phone-based motivational interviewing.
 Results: A significantly higher stage movement was revealed among the experimental group post-intervention (80.5%); 35.4% transitioned to the preparation stage, 32.9% were in the action stage, and 12.2% were in the maintenance stage. According to the ANCOVA test, significant negative mean differences post-intervention was achieved for nicotine dependence and decision pros (P=0.000) with a large effect size (η2=0.341, η2=0.503). However, significant positive mean differences were proved for other variables (knowledge, tobacco cessation readiness, and TTM constructs) (P<0.05) with a large effect size (η2>0.14). Stage analysis revealed significant mean differences in most studied variables, where the action stage had the highest significant mean improvements (P<0.05).
 Conclusion: The trans-theoretical model-based educational intervention using motivational interviewing effectively improves smoking knowledge and facilitates quitting with successful stage movement among Egyptian male smokers.

ENHANCING GROWTH OF LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA SEEDLINGS BY STIMULATION OF SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VESICULAR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL (VAM) AND NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA UNDER PHOSPHATE ROCK FERTILIZATION

) with rhizobia are the main contributors to improve its ecological, physiological, and commercial significance. Leucaena is an appropriate species to serve as a model for other woody legumes because of these traits. Therefore, its symbiotic relationship with mycorrhizal fungus has attracted a lot of interest. Plant stress responses can be mediated by vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (VAM) symbionts via increasing stress tolerance. The study was carried out in a greenhouse at the private nursery in Itay El-Baroud city and the Laboratories of the Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, in collaboration with the Laboratories of the Soil and Water Development Center, Damanhour, El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt, over two consecutive seasons, 2020 and 2021. This study was conducted to determine the effect of dual inoculation with endomycorrhizal fungi (VAM) and

Dietary intervention program based on short messages service for mothers of children with iron deficiency anemia

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) can happen at any age; it is more common in young children. Anemia is a nutritional issue that has a major influence on growth, cognition, work performance, and other areas throughout a person's reproductive years and beyond. Aim: The study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary intervention-based short messages service for mothers of children with iron deficiency anemia. Design: A quasi-experimental research design was used in the current study. Setting: The research was carried out in Pediatric Outpatient Clinics at Damanhour University Hospital. Subject: Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample of 100 mothers with their children. Tools: Tool (I): Mothers' interview questionnaire, it was composed of four parts: Part (1): Mothers' personal data, Part (2): Children's' personal data, Part (3): Children's medical history, Part (4): Mothers' knowledge assessment questionnaire regarding iron deficiency anemia, Tool (II): Mothers' reported practices assessment questionnaire regarding iron deficiency anemia, and Tool (III): Iron level was determined by measuring hemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations. Results: There was a highly statistically significant difference and improvement between the studied mothers regarding total knowledge and reported practices about iron deficiency anemia pre and post-dietary intervention-based short messages service implementation.

Training Needs of the Students of Faculty of Agriculture at Damanhour University in the Field of Agricultural Entrepreneurship

Training Needs of the Students of Faculty of Agriculture at Damanhour University in the Field of Agricultural Entrepreneurship

Effect of foot reflexology on premenstrual syndrome among nursing students at Faculty of Nursing, Damanhour University

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a prevalent health issue among adolescents. It is one of the most frequent conditions affecting women of reproductive age, and it can have a considerable impact on daily activities and can considerably reduce female’s quality of life. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of foot reflexology on premenstrual syndrome among nursing students at Faculty of Nursing, Damanhour University. Subjects and method: A quasi-experimental research design was carried out. A convenient sample of 100 students was recruited to participate in the study. Two tools of data collection were used: Tool I was socio demographic data and menstrual history structured interview schedule, tool II was a modified version of premenstrual symptoms screening tool for clinicians (PMSST). Results: The study results revealed that the total score of PMS severity was a statistically significant before and after two months of the intervention among the study group, p=0.000. However, the difference was not statistically significant among the control group (P=0.379). There was also statistically significant difference between the study and control groups after two months of the intervention in favor of the former, where (p= 0.000). In addition, the negative effect of PMS on daily life activities significantly decreased among the study group after two months of the intervention p=0.000. Conclusion and recommendations: The study concluded that the female students who received reflexology foot massage exhibited less severity of premenstrual symptoms than those who received placebo foot massage. It is recommended that reflexology foot massage should be advised as a non-pharmacological management to relieve PMS

Green Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic Methods for the Determination of Rabeprazole Sodium and Fluvastatin Sodium in Pure and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

Aims: Novel green analytical methods have been proposed for the assay of Rabeprazole sodium and Fluvastatin sodium in their pure and formulated dosage forms.
 Study Design: The methods determine each drug through the estimation of its sodium content, using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy at wavelength 589 nm. 
 Place and Duration of Study: Central laboratory at Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University. Time duration January-March, 2020.
 Methodology: Methods are developed and optimized for maximum sensitivity, selectivity and degree of greenness. Linearity is achieved in the range of 8.29- 66.33 ppm of Rabeprazole sodium (equivalent to 0.5- 4 ppm Na) and 14.13- 141.32 ppm of Fluvastatin sodium (equivalent to 0.75 -7.5 ppm Na). The proposed assays are fully validated regarding ICH guidelines. 
 Results: Atomic spectroscopic assays are compared to reported spectrophotometric ones for each drug separately using Student t-test and F-variance ratio. 
 Conclusion: Satisfactory values indicate good agreement and the insignificant difference between both methods. The obtained percentages of recovery (99-101%) indicate no interference from excipients in formulation matrices.

Students' Attitudes toward E-Learning in the Light of the Spread of Pandemic Corona Virus (A Field Study, in Damanhour University 2020/2021)

This research aimed mainly to identify faculty of agriculture students' attitudes toward E-learning in the light of the spread of pandemic Corona Virus, the research data was collected using A group interview technique during the first semester of the academic year 2020/2021. The research population represented the total students in the third and fourth level of the college of agriculture, Damanhur University, who have experienced e-learning since the spread of pandemic Corona Virus till now, A simple sample of 180 students was selected randomly. Several statistical tools were used to analyze data, including percentages, mean, range, standard deviation, Chi-Square, t-Test, and ANOVA. The findings indicated that (60.5%) of the students hold a negative attitude toward e-learning. The results also showed that there were statistically significant differences between the average degree of students ’attitudes towards e-learning according to gender, where the values of t = 4.863 * and also according to the type of academic specialization, where the value of (F) 3.242 * which was significant value, and It was recommended that, the identified components should be taken into account in the educational programs at the college of agriculture, Damanhur University, with a focus on the provide an interactive learning environment rich in teaching and learning resources that would ensure a combination of more than one method of teaching, thereby achieving positive attitudes among students towards e-learning.

Effect of training program on functional status and stress among patients with chronic cerebrovascular stroke

Background: Stroke is a significant health problem in developing countries. Compared to other Arab nations, Egypt's population has a much higher prevalence of stroke. This study aimed to determine the effect of training program on functional status and stress among patients with chronic cerebrovascular stroke. Method: Design: This study used a quasi-experimental research design. Setting: The study was carried out at the neurology department unit at Damanhour University Hospital. Egypt. Subjects: All patients (50) with cerebrovascular stroke who were admitted to the aforementioned settings at the time of data collection made up the sample, which was chosen using a convenient sampling technique. Tools: Tool I: Health assessment Sheet, Tool II: - Functional Independence Measure (FIM Instrument), Tool III: Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale Short Version, Tool IV: Patients' Knowledge about Stroke, and Tool V: Patient's Practices of Stroke care checklist. Results: There were statistically significant differences, improvements in functional status, and reductions found in total stress levels among patients with chronic cerebrovascular stroke pre & post-training program implementation (P<0.001). Conclusion: The present study concluded that the training program significantly had a positive effect on improved functional status and reduced levels of stress among those with chronic cerebrovascular stroke.

المسروایــة عند توفیـق الحکیـم والسیـد حـافظ دراسة فی نقاء الفنون وتداخل الأجناس الأدبیة

يسعى الباحث في هذه الدراسة إلى دراسة فن (المسراوية) باعتباره نموذجا لتداخل الفنون بين المسرح والرواية، عاقدا مقارنة بين توفيق الحکيم في مسرحيته (بنک القلق) وبين السيد حافظ في روايته (کل من عليها خان) بهدف کشف السمات الفنية والأسلوبية والفکرية لهذا الفن الأدبي. (Al-Masrawiyah) between Tawfiq Al-Hakim and Mr. Hafez, a study on the purity of arts and the intersection of literary genres Mahmoud Mohamed Hamza Department of Arabic Language, Faculty of Arts, Damanhour University, Egypt. E-mail: m.hamza@educationfirst.org.eg Abstract : In this study the researcher seeks to study the art of (Masrawyah) as a model for the intertwining of arts between theater and novel, making a comparison between Tawfiq al-Hakim in his play (The Bank of Anxiety) and Sayyid Hafez in his novel (Each of it Khan) in order to reveal the artistic, stylistic and intellectual features of this literary art.

حِصْنُ بُبَشْتَر ودورهُ التاریخیّ فی عصر عبد الرحمن الناصر من خلال کتابات المقتبس لابن حیان فی الفترة من 307هـ /919م حتى عام 316هـ/928م

يعتبر حصن ببشتر من الحصون الهامة بالأندلس بشهادة الجغرافيين والمؤرخين الذين أثبتت أقوالهم مدى قوة ومناعة هذا الحصن . هذا التحصين الذي أعطى للمکان هيبة کبيرة وأعلى من شأن أصحابه . ويرجع جزء کبير من هذا التحصين إلى الطبيعة ، لذا لعب الحصن دورا تاريخيا عظيما. من هنا ارتکز البحث على عدة محاور: المحور الأول: جغرافية حصن ببشتر، وتوضيح هل هذا المکان يتمتع بميزة جغرافية عن غيره أم لا ؟، وهل کان للطبيعة دور في إغداق الکثير من النعم عليه؟. کما تجيب الدراسة على عدة تساؤلات، أهمها: هل يعتبر ببشتر حصنا من الحصون أم لا ؟ . وتوضح-الدراسة- أيضا الأهمية التاريخية لهذا الحصن قبل عصر عبد الرحمن الناصر ؟ .و تدور أحداث المحور الثاني حول حصن ببشتر ودوره الکبير في عهد ورثة عمر بن حفصون ،علما بأنني سأقوم بذکر العديد من الشخصيات المتمثلة في أبناء عمر بن حفصون، وعلى الرغم من تلک الکثرة لکن عند تدقيق وإمعان النظر لن نجد لهم دورا من الأهمية بمکان ، رغم أنهم مثلوا خطورة کبيرة على الخلافة الأموية ،وکانت الخطورة تکمن في المکان – ببشتر - نفسة وقدرته على الحماية والدفاع عن اللائذين به . والسؤال الذى يطرح نفسه کيف تمکن الناصر من دخول هذا الحصن المنيع ؟ وما خطته للتغلب عليه ؟. The fortress of Bouchter and its historical role in the era of Abd al-Rahman al-Nasir through the writings of al-Muqtasah by Ibn Hayyan from 307 AH until the year 316 AH Shaima Abdul Hamid Al-Banna Department of History , Faculty of Arts, Damanhour University, Egypt . E-mail : shaymaa.elbana@art.dmu.edu.eg Abstract: Bashtar fort is considered one of the important forts in Andalusia, with its fame, science, and goodness. Their sayings proved the strength and immunity of this fortress. He gave attention from his companions. Nature, the fortress has a great historical role. Searching for several axes: The first axis: the geography of Fort Bashtar, and clarifying whether this place has a geographical advantage over it or not? The study also answers several questions, the most important of which are: Is Bashtar a fortress or not? . The study also clarified the historical importance of this castle before the era of Abd al-Rahman al-Nasser. The events of the second axis revolve around the Bashtar citadel and its great role during the reign of the heirs of Omar bin Hafsoun, indicating that I will mention many of the characters represented by the sons of Omar bin Hafsun, despite this abundance, but upon careful study we will not find them a role of great importance even though they represent a great danger On the Umayyad Caliphate, however, the danger lies in the place - Bashtar - itself and its ability to protect and defend those in it. The question that arises is how was Abdel Nasser able to enter this impregnable fortress? What is his plan to overcome him?

مديح النبي (صلى الله عليه وسلم) في شعر معاصريه بين المثير والتعبير دراسة في الحماسة المغربية لأبي العباس الجَرَّاوي التادلي (المتوفى: 609هـ)

مديح النبي (صلى الله عليه وسلم) في شعر معاصريه بين المثير والتعبير دراسة في الحماسة المغربية لأبي العباس الجراوي التادلي (المتوفى: 609هـ) غادة حسن زکريا عشبة قسم اللغة العربية وآدابها، کلية الآداب، جامعة دمنهور، مصر. البريد الإلکتروني: ghada.zakaria@art.dmu.edu.eg الملخص: يتناول هذا البحث القصائد والمقطعات المدحية في رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ممن عاصره من الشعراء، سعيا للوصول إلى المعاني المدحية في هذه الأبيات مع تقسيمها وفق عنصرين مهمين من عناصر الإبداع الفني، وهما: المثير والتعبير. ومن ثم فقد جاء البحث في مبحثين رئيسين؛ الأول: الدافع أو المثير، وما اقتضاه من تصنيف شعراء المديح، وتصنيف المعاني نفسها. والآخر: في جانب التعبير، وظهوره في اللفظ، والصورة، والموسيقى، وبنية القصيدة. أما المنهج الذي اتبعه البحث فهو منهج فرضته طبيعة البحث ومادته، بحيث تجعل لنا هذه المادة وکيفية تطبيقها سبيلا ملزما لتطبيق منهج معين أو جعله غالبا لا يؤخر عن غيره، غير أننا اعتمدنا في الأساس على المنهج التحليلي الفني. وقد خلص البحث إلى عدد من النتائج أبرزها أن الدافع أو المثير استطاع أن يوجه المعاني التي عبر عنها المادحون في قصائدهم. وأن تنوع المثير قد کان بفعل الظروف والملابسات العقدية أو الاجتماعية، أو الثقافية، أو الاقتصادية. ومنها ظهور أثر المثير في التعبير الفني على کل مستوياته. الکلمات المفتاحية: المدح - المثير – الدافع – التعبير – القيم. Praise of the Prophet (peace be upon him) in the Poetry of his Contemporaries Revolving around Stimulus and Expression by Abi-Abbas al-Jurāwī Al-Tadeli (d. 609 ) A Study on Al-Ḥamāsah al-Maghribiyyah 1 Ghada Hassan Zakaria Oshba. Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Arts, Damanhour University, Egypt. Email: ghada.zakaria@art.dmu.edu.eg Abstract: The present study is concerned with the poems and short poems praising the Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) by his contemporary poets, seeking to examine praise meanings in these verses. These verses are divided according to two important elements of creativity and aesthetic expression: the stimulus and the expression. Hence, the study investigates two main topics. First, the motive or the stimulus, and what it entails in terms of classification of praise poets, and the classification of meanings themselves. Second, the other topic is concerned with expression, and its reflection in pronunciation, imagery, rhythm, and the structure of the poem.Regarding the approach adopted in the study, it follows an approach imposed by the nature of the research and its data, so that the data and its application impose a certain methodology that surpasses any other recommended approaches. The present study mainly relies on the analytical and aesthetic approach. The study reaches a number of conclusions, most important of which include the following: First, the stimulus is able to show meanings expressed by praise poets in their poems. Second, the diversity of the stimulus is due to the ideological, social, cultural, or economic circumstances. Third, the effect of stimulus is found in the aesthetic expression at all levels. Keywords Praise - Stimulus- Motivation - Expression - Values.

Effect of Toolkit Teaching Strategy on Pediatric Nursing Students' Practical Skills Regarding Neonatal Resuscitation

Background: Effective learner-centric innovative teaching strategies are currently being used to encourage active students' participation, enhance creative thinking and improve their problem-solving abilities. Toolkit strategy is one of these teaching strategies, which involves an integration of diversity teaching methods that improve undergraduate nursing students’ learning capabilities and their confidence in the clinical setting. Aim: The aim of this was to determine the effect of toolkit teaching strategy on pediatric nursing students’ practical skills regarding neonatal resuscitation. Setting: The was carried out in Pediatric Nursing Labs at the Faculty of Nursing, Damanhour University. Subjects: The subjects of the present comprised of 70 students divided randomly into study and groups 35 students per group. Tools: Two tools were used, namely, Neonatal Resuscitation Practical Skills Observational Checklist and Pediatric Nursing Students’ Satisfaction Assessment Scale. Results: The revealed a statistically significant difference between the and control groups in relation to their practical skills in the performance of neonatal resuscitation procedure immediately after the conduction of teaching (P<0.000*). Moreover, all students in the group were highly satisfied after performing the procedure using toolkit strategy. Meanwhile, less than half of the students in the control group (42.9%) were highly satisfied with the traditional method of practical training and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.000*). Conclusion: It can be concluded that applying toolkit teaching strategy as a method of teaching has a positive effect on the practical skills of nursing students. Additionally, it improves their satisfaction level with the teaching process. Recommendation: The main recommendation of the current was to apply toolkit teaching strategy as an innovative method of teaching in all academic nursing departments which possess practical skills in their academia courses at the Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University and Damanhour University.

Knowledge and Attitude of Undergraduate Nursing Students Toward COVID 19 and their Correlation with Stress and Hope Level

Abstract: Background: Knowledge and attitudes of nursing students toward COVID-19 play a significant role in preparing their willingness to accept measures of behavioral change from health professionals. Objectives: Assess undergraduate nursing students' attitude and knowledge towards COVID 19 and their correlation with stress and hope level. Setting: The research was performed at the Faculties of Nursing of Alexandria University, Damanhour University, and Modern University for Technology and Information. Subjects: a convenient sample of 443 students. A cross-sectional study design was implemented. Tools: Five tools were used; socio-demographic questionnaire, knowledge about COVID-19, attitude of nursing students towards Corona virus, perceived stress scale, and Herth hope index. Results: The majority of nursing students (83%) had high levels of COVID 19 knowledge, (91%) had a positive attitude toward Corona virus, (30 %) of students had high level of perceived stress, and the mean percent scores of hope was 74.5±10.9. Conclusion: Negative correlations were detected between students' knowledge and attitude, students' attitude and stress, and students’ stress and hope. Recommendations: Counseling services and effective coping strategies workshops need to be implemented for students by online methods to teach them how to deal with stress in an adaptive manner.

Effect of Interactive Digital-Based Educational Intervention on knowledge, Misconceptions, and Preventive Practices of COVID -19 among Damanhour University Students

Effect of Interactive Digital-Based Educational Intervention on knowledge, Misconceptions, and Preventive Practices of COVID -19 among Damanhour University Students