Dairy Enterprises Research Articles

Sustainability of Rural Small-Scale Farmers Using a Thematic Content-Fed Analytic Hierarchy Process

Small-scale dairy farming plays a pivotal role in the development of rural economies and has become a key source for job creation and poverty alleviation. However, the survival rate of these enterprises is compromised due to multifaceted challenges. As a result, the newly established or emerging small scale dairy businesses are not sustainable. The objective of this paper is to therefore investigate the determinants affecting sustainability of small-scale dairy enterprises and to develop a framework for failure minimization. The study used purposive snowball sampling techniques to invite small-scale dairy farmers (SSDFs) in Bojanala Platinum District, North West Province, South Africa. The data were analyzed using thematic content analysis (TCA) for factor derivation and ranked using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The study revealed the high cost of agricultural inputs, medication and electricity, followed by a lack of agricultural services, and unpredictable weather patterns due to climate change, which were regarded as priority factors proliferating high failure levels and unsustainability by the local farmers. Meanwhile, loadshedding and cattle theft were regarded as low priority factors affecting farming sustainability. The high level of failure in this industry diminishes the chances of farmers to obtain funding or credit; poorer farmers end up falling back into poverty as a consequence of market circumstances beyond their control. The paper concludes that small-scale dairy farming should be revised as part of a broader livelihood strategy by all stakeholders, while continuously pursuing alternative access points to achieve prosperous rural livelihoods, local market information and access, and risk optimization. With the prospects of future climate, geopolitical and environmental crisis, considering how local small-scale dairy farmers (SSDFs) react and use information technology is vital to their sustainability and providing policy relevant knowledge. Furthermore, the SSDFs should be exposed to agricultural funders in their localities, and also access to agricultural sector training authority (AGRISETA) services should be made available for local farmers to receive training for proposal writing to apply for funds.

ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE AND TRENDS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS IN BREEDING DAIRY FARMS OF UKRAINE

The global dairy sector has been significantly impacted in recent years, with experts assessing the consequences as a serious threat to the food security of the world's population. The biggest destabilising factors for the industry were the effects of the pandemic, war, inflation and high energy prices. Despite the steady increase in demand for milk, there is currently no trend towards a recovery in production growth. Dairy producers are under constant pressure from the above factors, resulting in lower margins, difficult access to competitive capital, and constant adaptation to new regulations. In the current political, economic and climatic conditions, one of the possible ways to increase the profitability of the dairy industry as a major incentive to increase production is the widespread introduction of innovative technological approaches to milk production.
 The purpose of the article is to assess the state and trends in the implementation of innovative technological solutions in dairy farming in Ukraine on the example of Ukrainian breeding dairy farms.
 Research results. In order to ensure the survival of the national dairy industry during the active military phase, as well as its rapid development in the post-war period, created a Roadmap for the restoration of the dairy industry. The Roadmap is primarily aimed at ensuring sustainable long-term development of the dairy industry; creation and operation of highly efficient and financially sustainable dairy farms; stimulating the construction of modern dairy enterprises with widespread introduction of innovations aimed at increasing the international competitiveness of the industry.
 Our research has shown that in recent years, the dynamics of modernisation processes in Ukrainian dairy farming has accelerated. In particular, in the Holstein herds, the productivity of cows kept in dairy complexes increased by 1882 kg per cow, or 470 kg per year on average, in 2016–2020.
 At the same time, increasing the efficiency of milk production through the introduction of innovative technological solutions will result in a mega-trend of farm consolidation in the future. For example, in the US, 50.3% of milk is produced at industrial large-scale dairies with more than 1.000 cows, where the latest science and technology is used. The influence of the factor of production concentration on the efficiency of the use of breeding animals of dairy and dairy-meat cattle breeds was studied. The average number of cows in the controlled breeding herds of dairy breeds in Ukraine (n = 350) in 2019 was 400 cows. The average milk yield per cow was 7.540 kg. According to the results of the analysis, as the number of cows in the farms grows, economic indicators such as revenue, profitability, and profitability increase.
 Conclusions. In recent years, a quarter of breeding farms for the most numerous specialised dairy breeds have been involved in the innovation process in pedigree dairy cattle breeding, with more than 50% of the number of breeding cows of these breeds concentrated there. The small herds used traditional technologies for keeping and using cows.
 The introduction of the latest innovative technological solutions for industrial milk production ensures an increase in revenues from its sale due to the growth of cow productivity. As the concentration of cows increases, the industry's performance indicators, such as milk yield, feed intake and the intensity of land use, are also increasing. The industry's profitability is increasing from 14.7% to over 24.2%.
 When creating new livestock complexes in the post-war period, the best international and domestic experience of the industry should be taken into account. The development of the dairy farming sector should be aimed at breeding specialised dairy cattle breeds and introducing innovative technologies for their maintenance, feeding and operation. Domestic specialised dairy breeds are at the level of the best European analogues in terms of productivity in industrial dairy complexes, and are superior in terms of reproduction and health, are economically viable and should become the basis for further development of the dairy cattle industry in Ukraine.

Sustainability performance of small and medium dairy enterprises in Brazil

The sustainability performance of dairy enterprises can be improved using specific assessments indicators and indices. However, selecting a set of indicators and creating a specific sustainability index for dairy enterprises is challenging. This study aimed to assess the sustainability performance of small and medium dairy enterprises using an indicator set and indices encompassing the three dimensions of the triple bottom line approach. Hence, a specific indicator set was selected based on the literature, and a sustainability index was structured based on the process of normalisation, mean weight, aggregation, and sensitivity analysis. Empirical validation was carried out with 32 small and medium dairy enterprises in Brazil using a questionnaire to evaluate sustainability performance. The results demonstrate that the indicator set, sub-indices (environmental, social, and economic), and index are adequate and consistent for diagnosing and identifying areas of improvement in the sustainable performance of small and medium dairy enterprises. In our sample, the highest efficiency regarding sustainability performance was related to economic sub-index indicators, whereas the lowest efficiency appeared in environmental and social sub-index indicators. The application of the sustainability index delivered essential information to consultants and managers of dairy enterprises to improve resource use and minimise the environmental and social impacts of their companies. The study posits that the specific sustainability index for small and medium dairy enterprises is a powerful management resource that can diagnose positive and negative points in a company related to the triple bottom line dimensions. Furthermore, the study provides suggestions for the use of the sustainability index, contributions to sustainability performance improvement, and limitations.

Entrepreneurial Production Technology and Growth of Smallholder Dairy Enterprises in Kenya

This study investigated influence of entrepreneurial production technology on growth of smallholder dairy enterprises in Kenya. The enterprises continuous respond to increasing demand for dairy products in the market from rising global populations. Dairy industry has introduced technologies, and adoption has increased productivity. In an attempt to gain and retain competitive advantage in the market, amidst environmental challenges, some related to climate change, enterprises have adopted entrepreneurial production technology. This study proposed that growth of smallholder dairy enterprises depends on the adoption of these technologies. The hypothesis was tested using a field survey on the actual technologies adopted by smallholders and extent of the adoption. Open and closed ended questionnaires were administered to a study sample of 395 smallholder dairy farmers, proportionately drawn from among active members, currently supplying milk to Githunguri, Wakulima and Nyala dairy cooperative societies in Kiambu, Nyeri, Nyandarua and Laikipia counties in high potential Central Kenya. The study established a significant positive influence of entrepreneurial production technology on growth of smallholder dairy enterprises in Kenya, supporting the idea that growth of smallholder dairy enterprises in Kenya is positively correlated to the extent of adoption of entrepreneurial production technologies in breeding, feeds production and feeding, and in waste handling. The results imply that smallholder dairy enterprises are poised to achieve greater growth when they adopt more entrepreneurial production technologies for breeding dairy cattle, feeds production and feeding and in handling waste from their dairy farms Key Words: Entrepreneurship; Entrepreneurial Production Technology; Enterprise Growth

Characteristics of the sanitary quality of milk in sick cows with purulent inflammation of the uterus when using the GEA Dairy ProQ robotic milking system

Purpose : to establish the role of reproductive pathologies in high-yielding cows in reducing the sanitary quality of milk at dairy enterprises using various milking systems. Materials and methods . The studies were carried out in high-tech dairy enterprises using GEA Dairy ProQ and Ley Astronaut robotic milking systems with cow productivity of more than 11 tons of milk per lactation. 4659 lactating cows were under observation. The selection of samples of uterine secretions, samples from the udder teats, the surface of the anogenital area, mammary gland and milk for bacteriological studies was carried out sterile, then they were sown on nutrient media. Results . The contents of the uterus with pyometra in 80% are contaminated with microorganisms: S. dysgalactiae – 29.1%, S. aureus – 26.4%, E. coli – 24.2%, and S. agalactiae – 20.3%. In 12% of cows, the microflora was isolated in monoculture. In samples of milk obtained from sick cows with uterine pathology using Ley Astronaut robotic milking, it showed 1.72 times lower sanitary safety, in comparison with samples obtained from clinically healthy animals and using the GEA Dairy ProQ robotic milking system. Conclusion . In samples of milk obtained from sick cows using the Ley Astronaut robotic milking system, a microbiological study found a decrease in the sanitary quality of milk, which is an obstacle in the production of cheese.

Predicting Raw Milk Price Based on Depth Time Series Features for Consumer Behavior Analysis

The dairy industry has a long supply chain that involves dairy farmers, enterprises, consumers, and the government. The stable growth of consumer groups is the driving force for the sustainable development of the dairy industry. However, in recent years, sustainable development of the dairy industry has faced great challenges due to the constant changes in the global climate environment and the increasing uncertainty of the international economic environment. Therefore, it is essential to systematically monitor and accurately predict the consumption market of dairy products to ensure that the government, dairy enterprises, and dairy farmers can share information in a timely manner and take effective measures to cope with the changes in the dairy consumption market without disturbing the normal pricing mechanism of the dairy market. The purpose of the conducted research is to systematically monitor and accurately predict the dairy product consumption market while consistently delivering dependable forecasts of consumer behavior in the dairy industry. In this paper, we proposed a raw milk price prediction framework (RMP-CPR) to analyze consumer behavior based on the relationship between milk price and dairy consumption. This study concludes that dairy consumption behavior can be predicted accurately by predicting the price of raw milk based on the proposed framework (RMP-CPR). Our research explores a new angle for studying consumer behavior. The results can assist dairy enterprises in developing accurate marketing strategies based on the forecast results of dairy consumption, thereby enhancing their competitiveness in the market. Policymakers can also use the forecast results of the development trend of the dairy consumption market to adjust corresponding policies in a timely manner. This can help to balance the interests among consumers, dairy enterprises, dairy farmers, and other relevant stakeholders and effectively maintain the sustainable and healthy development of the dairy market.

The association of gene polymorphisms with milk production and mastitis resistance phenotypic traits in dairy cattle

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between gene polymorphisms (SNPs) and mastitis indicators and their relationship with milk production profitability in dairy herd. A functional analysis was also performed of five genes containing the studied SNPs and those located close by. DNA was isolated from the hair bulb of 320 dairy cows kept in three herds and SNP-microarray analysis was performed. The data on 299 cows was subjected to final statistical analysis using AI-REML method with one-trait repeatability test-day animal model and pedigree information using the DMU4 package. Five from 35 SNPs significantly associated with mastitis indicators or production traits and located within a gene or no more than 500,000 nucleotides from the gene were selected for the functional and economic analysis. A questionnaire was also developed to collect associated economic data of 219 cows from three herds, such as the value of milk production and direct costs incurred over three years; this allowed the gross margin, direct profitability index and direct costs incurred to produce one liter of milk to be determined, among others. None of the five studied SNPs were related to protein content. The rs110785912(T/A), found near CXCR4, and rs136813430(T/C), located in the TLR4 gene exon, were associated with lnSCC, while rs110455063(C/G), located near IGF-I, was associated with milk yield, fat and total solid contents. rs109421300(T/C), associated with fat/protein content ratio, as well as fat and total solid content, is located in the DGAT1 gene intron. rs41587003(A/C), located in the DLG2 gene intron, was associated with lactose content. The economic analysis revealed differences between the variants of the three tested SNPs. The T/C variant of the rs136813430(T/C) SNP was characterized by the highest gross margin, the highest direct profitability index and the lowest costs incurred to produce 1 liter of milk. The T/A variant of rs110785912(T/A) was related to low lnSC and was characterized by the highest direct profitability index. In turn, the C/C variant of the rs41587003(A/C) was related to the lowest level of lactose and the highest costs of milk production. It appears that rs136813430(T/C) may be the most promising of the tested SNPs for increasing the profitability of milk production. To our knowledge, it is the first effort to assess directly a correlation between the DNA polymorphism and economic output of a dairy enterprise.

Clinical and sonographic changes in the uterus of repeatedly over -walking cows with subclinical endometritis

The research was carried out at a modern high-tech dairy enterprise using robotic milking (GEA DairyProQ JV "Donskoye" of the Volgograd region with the productivity of cows over 15,000 kg for 305 days of lactation. Rectal palpation of the uterus in cows with subclinical endometritis showed the presence of a pronounced cavity, which was 2.78 times higher than that in clinically healthy animals of the same study period, and the thickness of the uterine wall in subclinical endometritis averaged 9.23± 0.21 mm, which was 1.41 times higher than similar data in healthy animals. According to sonography data, the endometrium acquired an echoneodnomogeneous structure, which is caused by the ongoing inflammatory process. Dilated blood vessels are visualized in the myometrium. The revealed zone of reduced density at the border of the muscular and mucous layers is characterized by hyperechogenicity, which indicates signs of developing edema. The study of the perimeter revealed no structural changes. The detailed sonographic signs of subclinical endometritis in repeatedly overworking highly productive cows showed that the endometrial condition did not correspond to normal echographic criteria in more than half of cases in sick cows during estrus. The presence of variable in shape and size areas of increased echogenicity in the horns of the uterus of the M-echo during the hunting period is noted. Hyperechogenic formations in the basal layer of the endometrium were found in every fifth sick cow with signs of subclinical endometritis who repeatedly overdo it, and in every second, with the manifestation of hunting, a clinically healthy animal. The endometrial echostructure was found to be inconsistent with the stage of sexual cycle arousal in cows with subclinical endometritis in comparison with repeatedly over-walking animals without symptoms of uterine pathology. When comparing the obtained linear parameters of the uterus by rectal palpation of its anatomical structures with the parameters of the sonographic data, their correspondence was noted in both study groups. Ultrasound diagnostics provides an objective assessment of the state of the uterus and allows you to differentiate the nature of the pathological process.

Investigating the Factors Influencing the Intention to Adopt Long-Term Land Leasing in Northern Ireland

Short-term land rental agreements such as the traditional conacre system in Northern Ireland offer flexibility between the landowners and the farmers renting the land. However, the uncertainty of tenure linked to such short-term land rental systems does not allow for farmers renting the land to make longer-term investment planning and decisions, particularly around sustainable land management practices. Long-term tenancy agreements have been identified as a viable option to cope with short-term uncertainties and improve the environmental management of the land. In this study, we analysed the factors influencing farmers’ intention to adopt long-term land leasing with and without income tax incentives in Northern Ireland. To achieve our objective, we employed ordered logistic regression models complemented with qualitative analysis. The results of our analyses showed that varying factors including risk attitude, pro-environmental behaviour, profit consciousness, having a dairy enterprise, the area of farmland owned, the presence of a successor, and the age and education of the farmer influence farmers’ intention to adopt long-term land leasing. However, variability exists depending on the farmers’ rental status and availability of income tax incentives. It can be concluded from the study that policies aimed at encouraging long-term land leasing should take a holistic approach that incorporates environmental and socioeconomic factors.

Analysis of Challenges Facing and Factors Influencing the Profitability of Dairy Cattle Enterprises in Southwestern Uganda

In this study, challenges experienced by dairy cattle enterprises in Southwestern Uganda and the factors influencing their profitability were respectively analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression in STATA 15.0 statistical software. Eighteen questions relating to the challenges experienced by dairy producers in the study area were factor analyzed using principal components analysis with varimax rotation. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin’s measure of sampling adequacy was 0.643, above the commonly recommended value of 0.6, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant (ꭓ² (153) = 1670.13, P<0.001). Using both the scree plot and eigenvalues greater than 1 to determine the underlying components, the analysis yielded five factors explaining a total of 67.42% of the variance in the data. These factors were investment constraints, productivity constraints, climatic and environmental conditions, veterinary and social security services, and marketing constraints, which explained 21.32%, 13.01%, 11.97%, 11.03%, and 10.097% of the variance after rotation, respectively. The factors hypothesized to influence the profitability of dairy enterprises were; daily milk yield per lactating cow, the prevalence rate of diseases, percentage of lactating cows to those raised on the enterprise, attendance of animal production training, the unit production cost of milk, and enterprise size according to the number of animals raised. Regression analysis results of these factors revealed that the unit production cost of milk, enterprise size, and daily milk yield per lactating cow were statistically significant. The estimated model had an R-squared value of 0.92. The recommendations emphasized in this study were reducing milk production costs, rational use of production resources, adopting improved cattle breeds, improving feeding by supplementing animal diets with concentrate feeds to increase milk yield, and general improvement in dairy herd management practices, including disease control strategies.

Personal Well-Being of Dairy Buffalo Entrepreneurs in Nueva Ecija, Philippines

Dairy buffalo entrepreneurship is an important livelihood strategy with great potential of providing sustainable livelihood to people particularly family entrepreneurs. Nueva Ecija, being the main area of intervention of the Philippine Carabao Center, has been well-supported for its buffalo-based dairy enterprises. Empirical studies assessing the well-being of families engaged in dairying in the province, however, were not much explored; hence this study.Data were gathered through face-to-face interview with 170 dairy buffalo entrepreneurs using a survey questionnaire. Personal well-being index (PWI) was measured in terms of the core set of items forming the PWI comprising seven questions on satisfaction with specific life domains. The satisfaction scores from all domains are simply summed up to produce a mean satisfaction value, known as the PWI score, to represent subjective well-being (SWB). The following guidelines for the interpretation of the PWI scores were used: 70+ points = ‘Normal’: A person is likely to be experiencing a normal level of well-being. 51-69 points = ‘Challenged’: Personal well- being is likely to be challenged/compromised. The PWI of the dairy buffalo entrepreneurs was found to be within the normative range of population, which means that they are generally experiencing a normal level of well-being. Findings further showed that while the entrepreneurs were simultaneously engaged in dairying and other sources of household income, such as non-dairy farm, off-farm and non-farm, they are satisfied with farm work and even managed to enjoy various leisure activities.

The influence of violations in the work of mechanized milking operators on the quality of milk and the occurrence of mastitis

Mastitis is the most common disease on livestock farms. The reasons leading to the occurrence of mastitis and a decrease in the quality of milk are diverse. Violation of milking technology, maintenance, principles of mastitis prevention, untimely diagnosis and its defective treatment causes significant economic damage to dairy farms. The object of research was cattle milk. In the milk samples, the number of somatic cells and the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultive atianaerobic microorganisms were taken into account using standard techniques [1, 3]. The analysis of the organization of milking was carried out in the hall of the rotary type "Carousel". The purpose of the work: to improve the quality of milk and reduce the amount of mastitis by eliminating shortcomings in the work of machine milking operators. During the study, it was found that at the time of milking on the platform "Carousel" there were animals with contamination of the limbs and mammary gland. We have identified the following shortcomings in the analysis of the milking routine: a small amount of milking of the first trickles of milk, poor-quality cleaning and drying of nipples with a scrubber, connection of animals to the milking machine with an incomplete milk ejection reflex, violation of animal milking hygiene, repeated connections to the milking machine, non-compliance with the rules of nipple treatment after milking. The available data obtained during the study make it possible to better understand the etiology of mastitis, the problem of increased numbers of bacteria and somatic cells in milk due to violations of the work of machine milking operators. The results obtained allow us to state the need for the use of informative diagnostic methods in the practical activities of specialists at dairy enterprises in the Russian Federation. We have developed practical recommendations and rules for the prevention of mastitis and improving the quality of milk. As a result of the introduction of the created recommendations and rules into practice, it was possible to reduce the number of animals with mastitis, reduce bacterial contamination and the number of somatic cells in milk.

Clinic, morphology and echography of acute postpartum metritis in cows at a high-tech dairy enterprise

Purpose: to establish the reliability of diagnostic markers and determine a change in the metabolic status in Novostic sick cows with acute purulent-catarrhal inflammation of the uterus.Materials and methods. Under the supervision were 2758 lactating cows. The clinical diagnosis of purulent-cataral metritis at the first-and-and-out cows in the early postpartum period was carried out as part of the obstetric and gynecological dispensation. Samples of blood for hematological studies were selected from cows before the morning meal, when confirming the diagnosis, acute purulent-catarrhal methy (n = 15), it was possible to study the “acid-abbreal state” systems (braids) and “lipid oxidation-antioxidant protection” (gender ”(gender -Aoz). During the analysis, the voltage in the blood of oxygen, carbon dioxide, buffer of blood, primary products of lipid peroxidation - the estimate was carried out according to the concentration of cdist and recreation center, isolated double bonds and ketodene. In the diagnosis of acute purulent-catarrhal inflammation of the former engraving horn of the uterus, from the 3rd to 10th day after the hotel at the Novotniki cows, which degree of the cervix was covered and the excudate is allocated from the genitals.Results. Acute inflammation of the uterus on the 9th ... 14th day after calving on echograms has a more pronounced cavity, which is increased by 1.72 times in comparison with echograms obtained from clinically healthy animals of the same study period, and the thickness of the uterine wall is increased by 1.71 times than in healthy animals and averaged 28.2 ± 0.6 mm. On echograms of the uterus, when scanning a sick animal with acute postpartum metritis, the cavity is identified with a diameter of 67.8 ± 4.6 mm, filled with purulent-catarrhal exudate with echopositive inclusions of medium and high density. In the field of view of the microscope on histopreparations, we clearly record the peeling of the epithelium by layers. Cellular infiltration of the endometrial and myometrial lamina is expressed. There are many plasma cells among the infiltrate cells. The mesothelium is preserved. Laboratory studies of blood samples obtained from sick cows revealed a shift in the content of buffer bases to 18.41 ± 1.53 mmol /l, a decrease to 2.25 ± 0.16 mmol / l of glucose, which indicates deviations in the daily metabolism characteristic of metabolic disorders with symptoms of metritis on the 5th ... 10th day after calving. In case of cow disease with acute purulent-catarrhal inflammation of the former gravid horn of the uterus, an increase of 2.24 times in the amount of malondialdehyde, 1.75 times in the intermediate products of ketodienes, as well as conjugated trienes in the blood plasma of new-bodied animals was confirmed. At the beginning of lactation, in the first ten days of the postpartum period, there is a decrease in the level of total protein and the fraction of γ - globulins in sick animals with acute purulent-catarrhal inflammation of the uterus, which is compensated by high stabilization of the processes of formation and elimination of medium circulating immune complexes with high affinity of antibodies.

Study on the External Environment and Countermeasures of China's Dairy Industry—Based on PESTEL Model

The dairy industry, which also complements people's livehood well, is one of the important parts in China's economy. In recent years, along with the rapid ascension of the national economic level, China's dairy industry has achieved high-quality development. However, it is worrying that dairy enterprises are difficult to get rid of the inherent limitations of the industry in the process of operation, which will bring challenges to its development greatly in the future. This paper will start with the basic situation of China's dairy industry, and then use PESTEL model to analyze the external factors related to the development of dairy enterprises. To solve these potential problems comprehensively, some corresponding suggestions will be put forward in the end.

Research on Digital Transformation in Whole Industrial Chain of Dairy Enterprises from the Perspective of Dynamic Capability

Research on Digital Transformation in Whole Industrial Chain of Dairy Enterprises from the Perspective of Dynamic Capability

Research on Business and Finance Integration of Dairy Enterprises in China from the Perspective of Digital Transformation

Research on Business and Finance Integration of Dairy Enterprises in China from the Perspective of Digital Transformation

АКРЕДИТАЦІЯ ВИРОБНИЧОЇ ЛАБОРАТОРІЇ ЯК ЕЛЕМЕНТ СИСТЕМИ КОНТРОЛЮ ЯКОСТІ НА МОЛОКОПЕРЕРОБНОМУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВІ

The only source of information based on which a conclusion can be drawn about the conformity of the raw material or product is the results of the analyses, so confidence in their reliability can confirm the accuracy of the method used. Currently, this method of establishing the compliance of the received data is the accreditation of laboratories according to the ISO/IEC 17025:2019 standard, which is an advanced method of determining the competence of laboratories regarding the accuracy of their research results. The cost of these measurements is high, but the cost of decisions based on incorrect results is much greater. The article aims to analyze the prospects for the dairy enterprise of implementing the ISO/IEC 17025:2019 standard in its production laboratory. The article shows that the standard for building a quality system is ISO 9001, and ISO/IEC 17025 provides support and development of this characteristic in testing and calibration laboratories through the development of the competence of their employees. Since clients seek laboratories that can provide accurate and reliable results, they focus on ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation. To objectively evaluate the results of the implementation of ISO/IEC 17025:2019 in the production laboratory of the milk processing enterprise, a SWOT analysis was carried out, which made it possible to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the laboratory's accreditation, as well as to establish opportunities and risks in the future. As highlighted in the SWOT analysis of the certification of the production laboratory, the main reason for implementing this process is to ensure a consistently high level of competence in the laboratory, which will provide customers with trust in the received data. Therefore in the finished product, on the other hand, it will allow expanding the product sales markets and reduce the company's costs for researching products that are sent for export. Implementing a quality management system in a production laboratory is one of the effective ways to show that research data are reliable. Therefore they can be relied on when making decisions based on them. On the other hand, the standardization of laboratory analysis processes guarantees the client the accuracy of the obtained data, and possible errors in the test results are minimized.

АНАЛІЗ СТАНУ КОРПОРАТИВНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ МОЛОКОПЕРЕРОБНОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА УКРАЇНИ

Despite the growing importance of corporate culture for the effective functioning of the enterprise and increasing its competitiveness on the economic market, today there is no established generalizing methodology that would allow obtaining reliable data when studying its formation and quickly diagnosing the current state. Also, no quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of its impact on the enterprise team has been developed, especially it is not possible to assess its direct role in changes in production processes. As a rule, the study and generalization of specific manifestations of corporate culture is a long and time-consuming process, which involves an abductive process of analysis, respectively, based on the terminal results of the impact of corporate culture on the company's staff.
 The purpose of the article is to analyze the results of a study of the corporate culture of one of the milk processing enterprises of the western region of Ukraine using a questionnaire of its employees.
 The article outlines a general approach to the analysis of the current state of the corporate culture of one of the dairy enterprises of Ukraine. The method of diagnosis using a questionnaire and statistical processing of the obtained data is shown.
 According to the results of the questionnaire, it was established that employees believe that they form a certain corporate culture while working in the company, but they do not feel like participants in a big cause, do not fully imagine the company's mission. However, all employees answered that they like working in the company, and this is one of the main parameters of commitment and loyalty.
 As for the weaknesses of the corporate culture, the following are highlighted: weak implementation of corporate style and low availability for employees of any corporate attributes. Strengths include her management style and low number of conflicts within the company. The direction to improve the corporate culture is the implementation of joint events for the exchange of experience among employees; improvement of the personal experience of employees thanks to the organization of trips for them to training courses.
 Diagnostics of corporate culture allows to classify the level of labor relations that have developed in various structural units and in the organization as a whole. Understanding the field in which the organization operates, it is possible to develop a personnel management policy appropriate to its tasks in each structural division or to correct the corporate culture, which will increase the competitiveness of the enterprise.

Using sustainability indicators for analysis of sustainable consumption and production in the food supply chain

Delivery of food products is one of the critical points in the manufacturing of products, especially for perishable products. In addition, it is necessary to consider the delivery schedule and additional environmental load due to the need to maintain the storage temperature conditions. It has been proven that the main factors of sustainability related to local products are determined by the desire of consumers to support the local producer, the sale of higher-quality products of local production, and the efficiency of logistics management and sale of goods. Methods to analyze the sustainability of food product transportation are considered. It is emphasized that very few studies have been conducted on analyzing the logistics of the delivery of dairy raw materials and products in countries with a weak economy, especially for enterprises of local importance whose vehicle fleet is represented by outdated equipment. That is why the study of the sustainability of logistics delivery chains was conducted based on the data of two dairy enterprises. The work presents in mathematical terms an integrated model for calculating the sustainability of logistics chains, which consists of four groups of criteria: resources, climate, economic efficiency, and impact on society. The company was evaluated according to the specified criteria by a group of independent experts in dairy technology using the Delphi method to ensure the objectivity of the obtained data. The calculation of fuel costs and CO2 emissions into the atmosphere per kilogram of food products in the transportation logistics chain was carried out. This approach will ensure the objectivity of assessing the negative impact on the environment because of the use of petroleum products, the increase of greenhouse gases, and air pollution in general. The concepts of "local food" and "food miles" are tools of the protectionist policy of restoring local agriculture and alternative sources of food production. The results obtained in the work confirm the need to use individual criteria in LCA for an objective assessment of the sustainability of logistics transportation and its impact on the environment. Keywords: "food mile", food products, environment, sustainability indicators, temperature regimes.

Quantification of Linkages within the Prevailing Integrated Farming Systems of Punjab

With the emerging problems owing to mono-cropping of paddy-wheat, diversification and integrated farming systems (IFS) is the need of the hour in Punjab, government of state is making efforts through earmarking budgetary allowances and several remunerative schemes to encourage farmers for its adoption. Hence, this study was taken upto understand the dynamics and the level of integration between the sub-components of widely adopted IFS models of Punjab. More than 80 percent of the farmers adopt the crop + dairy model in the study area therefore this prevalent model was studied as IFS-I model along with its variants of crop + dairy + mushroom (IFS-II) and crop + dairy + beekeeping (IFS-III) models. Leontief’s input-output model (1966) were used to quantify the inter component relationship by considering crop, dairy, mushroom, beekeeping, household, and the market as separate sectors of the farming economy. It was concluded that component enterprises, depended upon each other for input supplies and disposal of output. Forward linkage from crop to dairy enterprise was stronger than backward linkage in all the IFS models and the dairy enterprise was self-sufficient in providing inputs for itself from within the system.