Daily Work Activities Research Articles

Music Mode: Transforming Robot Movement into Music Increases Likability and Perceived Intelligence

As robots enter everyday spaces like offices, the sounds they create affect how they are perceived. We present “Music Mode,” a novel mapping between a robot’s joint motions and sounds, programmed by artists and engineers to make the robot generate music as it moves. Two experiments were designed to characterize the effect of this musical augmentation on human users. In the first experiment, a robot performed three tasks while playing three different sound mappings. Results showed that participants observing the robot perceived it as more safe, animate, intelligent, anthropomorphic, and likable when playing the Music Mode Orchestra software. To test whether the results of the first experiment were due to the Music Mode algorithm, rather than music alone, we conducted a second experiment. Here the robot performed the same three tasks, while a participant observed via video, but the Orchestra music was either linked to its movement or random. Participants rated the robots as more intelligent when the music was linked to the movement. Robots using Music Mode logged approximately two hundred hours of operation while navigating, wiping tables, and sorting trash, and bystander comments made during this operating time served as an embedded case study. This paper has both designerly contributions and engineering contributions. The contributions are: (1) an interdisciplinary choreographic, musical, and coding design process to develop a real-world robot sound feature, (2) a technical implementation for movement-based sound generation, and (3) two experiments and an embedded case study of robots running this feature during daily work activities that resulted in increased likeability and perceived intelligence of the robot.

Morton's Metatarsalgia: The Current State of the Issue

A typical complaint with Morton's neuroma is a burning paroxysmal pain in the area of the plantar surface of the metatarsal bones with irradiation into the III interdigital space, which forces the patient to take off his shoes and massage the foot in the most inappropriate situations. Given that women are mostly ill, clinical manifestations reduce the quality of life of patients, limit their daily professional and work activities. The paper presents the etiology, pathogenesis and clinical picture of this disease, diagnostic features. A radical method of treatment is surgery, which is relatively simple in technique and consists in dissecting the tissues that compress the nerve and creating optimal conditions for the nerve trunk, preventing its subsequent traumatization.

Investigator Participation in Clinical Research: An Examination of Barriers and Facilitators in the Indian Clinical Trials Settings

Background: This study aims to improve clinical research by identifying the barriers and facilitators for investigators conducting trials. We explore investigator demographics, challenges faced, and factors promoting engagement. Additionally, we examine how investigators’ background influences their experiences with both barriers and facilitators, ultimately aiming to foster a patient-centric clinical trial ecosystem. Methods: A quantitative, exploratory study investigated barriers and facilitators in clinical trials among 132 investigators in India. A self-designed questionnaire captured experiences with challenges, strategies, and facilitators. Pilot testing ensured tool validity and reliability. Ethical considerations were addressed, and data analysis will identify key factors impacting investigator engagement. This study aims to improve the clinical research ecosystem in India. Results: The study aims to identify the facilitators and barriers experienced by the research investigators. An online questionnaire survey was used in this cross-sectional investigation. The study's population consists of 132 respondents, with 68 (51.5%) males and 64 (48.5%) females. Clinical Research Coordinators (CRCs) (41.7%), Research Associates (RA’s) (27.3%), Supporting staff (19.7%), Co-Investigators (Co-I) (6.8%), and Principal Investigators (PIs) (4.5%) which were the majority of respondents. The most common barriers found among the principal investigators regarding the limited resources (p=0.014) towards the clinical trials. Inadequate training (p=0.461), Complex regulations (p=0.625), and Communication barriers (p=0.853) did not seem like barriers to the clinical research staff. Whereas some of the staff faced barriers (p=0.118) with the complex regulations and Inadequate training on the other hand most of the respondents considered the same statements as facilitators (p=0.963) with their daily working activities. Conclusion: The Barriers and Facilitators experienced by the clinical investigators, It was found that there is no difference in viewpoint. As per the results, Research associates agreed more with the facilitators and the principal investigators faced barriers.

Outside the comfort zone? Lessons learnt from the early stages of a large-scale WOP programme

ABSTRACT Capacity development is at the core of water operators' partnerships (WOPs), which aim to enhance the capacities and performance of water and sanitation service providers. This study sought to understand the factors in a WOP that favour or hinder the start-up phase of WOP projects. Fifty interviews were performed with representatives of the lead, beneficiary and additional partners of 18 projects of the European Commission programme during the first year of the programme. The article finds that WOP projects represent a considerable challenge for the staff of water utilities as participating in such partnerships requires a skill set that is different from the skills required in their daily work activities. The findings also suggest that the facilitation of the WOP start-up can smoothen and accelerate the development of WOP projects. Moreover, the article argues that because of limited time and financial resources, WOP projects need to find a balance between prioritizing impacts that can be achieved using the variety of capacity strengthening approaches that are available.

Ekbom síndrome (Parasitosis delirium): Cocaine Use vs. Psychotic Depression. A case report

IntroductionParasitosis delirium represents a rare mono-symptomatic psychosis characterized by the delirious firm belief of the patient, against all evidence, of being infested by cutaneous parasites. The syndrome affects in particular middle-aged women, and can be the single manifestation of psychological uneasiness or represent one of the aspects of a more complex psychiatric case, compromising almost totally any normal daily work and/or social activity. It is often accompanied by a refusal to seek psychiatric care. This condition can be associated with various underlying causes, including substance use disorders and psychotic depression. Understanding the differences and similarities between delirium of infestation in the context of cocaine use and psychotic depression is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.ObjectivesThis study aims to compare and contrast the clinical features, etiology, and treatment approaches of delirium of infestation in individuals with cocaine use and those with psychotic depression. By examining these two distinct populations, we can gain insights into the unique challenges and considerations associated with each condition.MethodsA case report of a 44-year-old woman with delirium of parasitosis, depressive symptoms and cocaine use in the last three days. Also a comprehensive literature review using the PubMed database to identify relevant clinical articles on delirium of infestation, cocaine use, and psychotic depression.Results Cocaine use and psychotic depression can both cause delirium of infestation. Cocaine-induced delirium is characterized by agitation, paranoia, and delusions of infestation. Psychotic depression is characterized by a depressed mood, delusions, and hallucinations. Delusions of infestation are a common feature of bothconditions. However, the underlying mechanisms and treatment approaches differ. Cocaine-induced delirium is primarily associated with the acute effects of cocaine on the central nervous system, while psychotic depression involves a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and environmental factors. Treatment for cocaine-induced delirium involves addressing the underlying cocaine use, while treatment for psychotic depression involves antidepressant and antipsychotic medications. Otherwise, Anti-Parkinson drugs were most frequently associated with delusional infestationConclusionsDelirium of infestation can occur in individuals with cocaine use and those with psychotic depression, albeit with different etiologies. Clinicians should consider the underlying cause when diagnosing and treating patients with this condition. Further research is needed to explore the specific neurobiological mechanisms and optimal treatment strategies for delirium of infestation in these distinct populations.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

To Study Effects of Muscle Energy Technique and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Computer Users Suffering from Neck Pain : A Comparative Study

Prolonged use of computers during daily work activities and recreation is often cited as a cause of neck pain. Neck pain and computer users are clearly connected due to extended periods of sitting in a certain position with no breaks to stretch the neck muscles. Pro-longed computer use with neck bent forward, will cause the anterior neck muscles to gradually get shorter and tighter, while the muscles in the back of neck will grow longer and weaker. These changes will lead to development of neck pain. METHODOLOGY: A total 40 subjects were selected for study. They were divided into 2 groups 20 in each. Group A was given Muscle Energy Technique, And Group B was given Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation .Treatment was given 5 days per week, for 6 weeks. Outcome measure in form of NPRS ,And NDI were recorded on 1st day before treatment and after 6 weeks. RESULT: Group A and B showed significant improvement in all three outcome measures within group (P>0.05). Between Group A and B were significant (p>0.05). So, three groups were shows significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this Comparative study indicated that the treatment in all three Groups (Muscle Energy Technique And Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation) are effective in participants with Computer Users Suffering From neck pain on pain and functional disability. However, MET was found to be superior to Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation alone in participants with Computer Users Suffering From neck pain.

Preceptor: o profissional de saúde-educador do século XXI

Abstract Introduction: It is a fact that the pedagogical advancements in professional healthcare education have not resulted in better quality of care. However, healthcare work as a source for a preceptor’s education and awareness as an educator-healthcare provider rises as a path to follow. Design: Based on the involvement in daily work activities, a preceptor offers teaching opportunities; plans, controls and guides the process; stimulates the student’s reasoning and active attitude; performs technical procedures; moderates case discussions; observes, assesses a student performing their activities and analyzes their performance; advises and supervises a student’s professional and personal growth; collaborates in the identification of ethical problems and their possible solutions; and sets limits and creates possibilities for the use of artificial intelligence. Conclusion: A preceptor - a clinical teacher - turns the work environment into appropriate educational moments to provide better healthcare to the population.

Effects of Facilities Management on Workers' Performance in 3-5 Star Hotels in Nairobi County, Kenya

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of facilities management on workers' performance within the hotel industry, with a specific focus on maintenance management, workplace design and adherence to facilities regulations and standards in 3-5 star rated hotels in Nairobi County. The study employed a descriptive survey approach, and a purposive sampling technique was utilized to select 144 respondents' selected classified hotels. Data collection instruments included: self-administered questionnaires, interview guides and observation checklists. Descriptive statistics were analyzed through quantitative data, while qualitative insights were obtained from hotel workers. Major findings revealed that the majority of respondents, 52.8%, considered maintenance strategies in hotels as fairly efficient in supporting their daily work activities. 80% of staff and managers indicated that hotels provided training and safe procedures in response to facilities standards and regulations, including compliance with the Occupational Health and Safety Act 2007. However, a notable prevalence of accidents and injuries within these establishments was identified, which stood at 57.5%. On multiple regression analysis, maintenance management emerged as the most significant factor in predicting workers' performance, making a substantial contribution. Therefore, the study concludes that maintenance management plays a pivotal role in influencing workers' performance in the hotel industry. As a result, the study recommends that hotel management prioritizes preventive maintenance practices to reduce emergency maintenance and establish a sinking fund to address non-compliance with facility standards and health policies within hotels. These measures have the potential to enhance the overall performance and safety of workers, thereby contributing to the success and sustainability of the hotel industry.

The Relationship of Pain Sensitivity and Severity with Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain

Aim: To evaluate the relationship of pain sensitivity and pain severity with pain-related quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with individuals who applied to the Family Medicine Outpatient Clinic of a tertiary hospital, and who had low back pain for at least 3 months. To obtain data, Patient Information Form, Dallas Pain Questionnaire, Graded Chronic Pain Scale-Revised, and Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire were used. Results: While the total pain sensitivity of the 196 participants was detected to be moderate, 46.9% were Grade-3 according to Chronic Pain Scale-Revised. A significant correlation was found between the grade groups and age, presence of chronic disease, low back pain duration, treatment status, and compliance to advice. A significant relationship was found between grade groups and daily activities and work and leisure activities subgroups of Dallas Pain Questionnaire. The total Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire score was higher in women and those who did not receive any treatment for low back pain. Conclusion: A number of socio-demographic and low back pain related variables were associated with pain severity and sensitivity. Daily activity, and work and leisure activities, which indicate the quality of life, were negatively affected by the increase in the severity of low back pain. High pain sensitivity also negatively affects the emotional situation. Keywords: chronic pain, low back pain, pain severity, quality of life

Hubungan Cyberloafing Behavior Dengan Organizational Commitment Pada Pegawai Di Puskesmas

Health centers are one of the important service aspects for the community. All employees who work at the health center must always be ready to provide the best service starting from doctors, nurses, administrative staff, pharmacists, and cleaning services. Cyberloafing behavior is categorized as disciplinary behavior, the division of employee concentration between work and cyberloafing behavior has an impact on piling up work, low work productivity, poor work quality, can interfere with the smooth work process and slow public services so that it will have a negative impact on the image of the organization. In the process, good organizational commitment is needed so that a puskesmas goal of serving patients maximally can be achieved by reducing deviant behaviors that exist in organizations such as cyberloafing behavior. This research is a quantitative study using a cross sectional study design. With the dependent variable being organizational commitment while the independent variable is cyberloafing behavior. The research was conducted in June 2023 at one of the health centers in Padang City. The population and sample of this study were all employees totaling 49 people using a questionnaire instrument. Data were analyzed univariately by looking at the frequency distribution table and bivariate analysis using the ChiSquare test.Based on the results of the research conducted, almost half of the respondents did cyberloafing behavior and more than half of the respondents had employee commitment. The statistical test results obtained p = 0.023, meaning that there is a significant relationship between cyberloafing behavior and organizational commitment It is recommended that the Puskesmas begin to socialize the impact of cyberloafing behavior in daily employee work activities.

Fostering workplace safety: An exploration of the priority given to safety knowledge transmission in occupational environments

Literature on occupational safety and knowledge transmission lacks the exploration of safety knowledge transmission in workplaces, including it as a possible strategy to enhance workers’ occupational health and safety within professional contexts. To address this research gap, we aim to understand if the transmission of safety knowledge is a priority and if it is effectively applied in daily work activities by both novices and experts in secondary and tertiary sectors, considering their working conditions. A questionnaire was conducted to 243 participants to analyze the perception of safety knowledge transmission (what happens; and what is considered important/a priority), according to novices and experts in both activity sectors, and the factors that affect the safety knowledge transmission. Results reveal that most workers consider safety knowledge very important, although more important for novices in the secondary sector, and that the working conditions that enhance the likelihood of transmission of safety knowledge differ between activity sectors. Also, safety knowledge transmission lies in an intention field, due to individual and organizational factors. These data support the originality of this research, contributing to the empirical enrichment within occupational health and safety literature and to the reflection on policy actions in professional contexts. It reveals workers' perceptions of the real transmission of safety knowledge in their contexts and elucidates the need for awareness and intervention at the working conditions level by decision-makers in companies, to make this intention a real priority in their contexts.

Analysis Of Mental Workload With NASA- TLX Method On Employees Of Kareb Bojonegoro Cooperative

The human body is designed to perform daily work activities that allow humans to be able to move the body and perform. The presence of muscle mass whose weight is almost more than half the weight of the body, allows us to be able to move and do work. NASA – TLX is a widely used assessment tool, at the time of assessing perceived workload to assess the effectiveness of tasks, systems, or teams or other aspects of performance. This method is in the form of a questionnaire developed based on subjective measurement needs that are easier but more sensitive to workload measurement. Based on the calculation results in table 5 on employees of the KAREB Bojonegoro Cooperative outlet, it can be seen that the highest NASA-TLX score was obtained by respondents with the initials WA with a score of 82, while the lowest score was obtained by respondents with the initials MR with a score of 41.33. Based on the results of determining the category, it can be seen that as many as 1 respondent is categorized as having a very high workload, while 14 respondents are categorized as having a high workload, while 10 respondents are categorized as having a medium workload. The age attribute consists of 7 respondents aged 17 – 25 years, 14 respondents aged 25 – 40 years, 4 respondents aged 41 – 55 years. From the results

Accounting Ethics, Financial Reporting Focused on Financial Frauds: A Bibliometric Analysis

Purpose: The aim of this research is to carry out a bibliometric analysis of accounting ethics and its relationship with financial reports and financial fraud Theoretical framework: Accounting ethics refers to the set of principles and values that govern the professional conduct of accountants in their daily work activity. Likewise, frauds on financial statements have generated accounting scandals and they include unethical behavior by public accountants. Understanding and analyzing the relationship between accounting ethics, reports, financial fraud and their evolution over time is essential for improving the curriculum of the accounting student. Design/Methodology/Approach: Data from the SCOPUS database was collected from 1986 to 2022. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to carry out a bibliometric analysis wich included, articles, reviews and conference reviews. In order to analyse research trends, no type of documents were excluded. The citation and bibliographic information, as well as the abstract and keywords of the obtained results were exported to a CSV file. Furthremore, the bibliometric analysis was performed using R studio software through the biblioshiny platform. Findings: The findings revealed that the field of accounting ethics in relation to financial reporting or financial fraud is not well established in the scientific literature, but has potential for growth in the near future. The results reported that since the year 2000 this area has had an exponential growth led by the countries of the US, Australia and Spain that contributed documents in this area compared to other countries. The new developments in the field of accounting ethics have not been sufficiently studied and understood in a logical and concise manner. This study used a conceptual framework to organize and analyze the various streams and research topics in the field. These themes and subthemes have suggested research recommendations and crucial research areas. Research, Practical & Social implications: The authors recommend more research in the field of accounting ethics with other accounting areas and thus identify areas that need further exploration. The current study can help researchers and recruiters analyze the upcoming trends in accounting ethics by helping decision-makers in accountant education. Originality/Value: The research turns out to be an original investigation that contributes to the bibliometric representation in the field of accounting ethics.

Using a smartphone application to capture daily work activities: a longitudinal pilot study in a farming population.

Smartphones are increasingly used to collect real-time information on time-varying exposures. We developed and deployed an application (app) to evaluate the feasibility of using smartphones to collect real-time information on intermittent agricultural activities and to characterize agricultural task variability in a longitudinal study of farmers. We recruited 19 male farmers, aged 50-60 years, to report their farming activities on 24 randomly selected days over 6 months using the Life in a Day app. Eligibility criteria include personal use of an iOS or Android smartphone and >4 h of farming activities at least two days per week. We developed a study-specific database of 350 farming tasks that were provided in the app; 152 were linked to questions that were asked when the activity ended. We report eligibility, study compliance, number of activities, duration of activities by day and task, and responses to the follow-up questions. Of the 143 farmers we reached out to for this study, 16 were not reached by phone or refused to answer eligibility questions, 69 were ineligible (limited smartphone use and/or farming time), 58 met study criteria, and 19 agreed to participate. Refusals were mostly related to uneasiness with the app and/or time commitment (32 of 39). Participation declined gradually over time, with 11 farmers reporting activities through the 24-week study period. We obtained data on 279 days (median 554 min/day; median 18 days per farmer) and 1,321 activities (median 61 min/activity; median 3 activities per day per farmer). The activities were predominantly related to animals (36%), transportation (12%), and equipment (10%). Planting crops and yard work had the longest median durations; short-duration tasks included fueling trucks, collecting/storing eggs, and tree work. Time period-specific variability was observed; for example, crop-related activities were reported for an average of 204 min/day during planting but only 28 min/day during pre-planting and 110 min/day during the growing period. We obtained additional information for 485 (37%) activities; the most frequently asked questions were related to "feed animals" (231 activities) and "operate fuel-powered vehicle (transportation)" (120 activities). Our study demonstrated feasibility and good compliance in collecting longitudinal activity data over 6 months using smartphones in a relatively homogeneous population of farmers. We captured most of the farming day and observed substantial heterogeneity in activities, highlighting the need for individual activity data when characterizing exposure in farmers. We also identified several areas for improvement. In addition, future evaluations should include more diverse populations.

Determinants of use of government credit cards in the work unit of the ministry of public works and public housing in DKI Jakarta

This research aims to find out the determinants of the use of government credit cards (KKP) in the work unit of the Ministry of public works and public housing in DKI Jakarta. This type of explanatory quantitative research with a unit of analysis of individual government employees who work in the Work Unit at the Ministry of PUPR who uses KKP in their daily work activities. Researchers distributed questionnaires to employees who used KKP in their daily work activities at the PUPR Ministry work unit. The number of respondents was 110 and analyzed using the PLS-SEM method with SmartPLS 4 software. The results of the study proved that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence had a positive effect on behavioral intention and facilitating conditions and behavioral intention had a positive effect on user behavior, while perceived financial cost had no effect negative on behavior intention. The conclusion that can be drawn is that the UTAUT model can explain the determinants of the use of KKP within the scope of the Ministry of PUPR work units domiciled in DKI Jakarta.

Pengaruh Karakteristik Pekerjaan dan Komitmen Organisasi terhadap Motivasi dan Dampaknya terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur

The level of work characteristics of organizational commitment, work environment and motivation for employee performance at the Regional Secretariat of Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency based on data from the analysis The influence of work characteristics directly on the work motivation of employees at the Regional Secretariat of Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency has a positive and significant effect. I This means that the characteristics of the work have the potential to provide a working mechanism so as to create a better work drive.The influence of direct organizational commitment on the work motivation of employees at the Regional Secretariat of Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency has a positive and significant effect. This means that organizational commitment can provide a passion for work, therefore with a better organizational commitment, employees will be more encouraged to work The influence of direct organizational commitment on employee performance at the Regional Secretariat of Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency has a positive and significant effect. This means that organizational commitment that is conducive, adequate, and supports better task execution can improve the performance of employees. The results of simultaneous testing, it was proven that from the three independent variables tested for their effect on performance, it turned out that motivation had a more dominant influence on employee performance at the Regional Secretariat of Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency. It gives meaning that, the existence of responsibility, having targets, having goals, feedback, feelings of pleasure, competition, achievements, needs, rewards, incentives, and relationships between each other can improve the performance of employees at the Regional Secretariat of Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency in carrying out daily work activities

Chronic Pain Among Adults - United States, 2019-2021.

Chronic pain (i.e., pain lasting ≥3 months) is a debilitating condition that affects daily work and life activities for many adults in the United States and has been linked with depression (1), Alzheimer disease and related dementias (2), higher suicide risk (3), and substance use and misuse (4). During 2016, an estimated 50 million adults in the United States experienced chronic pain, resulting in substantial health care costs and lost productivity (5,6). Addressing chronic pain and improving the lives of persons living with pain is a public health imperative. Population research objectives in the National Pain Strategy, which was released in 2016 by the Interagency Pain Research Coordinating Committee, call for more precise estimates of the prevalence of chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain (i.e., chronic pain that results in substantial restriction to daily activities) in the general population and within various population groups to guide efforts to reduce the impact of chronic pain (3). Further, a 2022 review of U.S. chronic pain surveillance systems identified the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) as the best source for pain surveillance data (7). CDC analyzed data from the 2019-2021 NHIS to provide updated estimates of the prevalence of chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain among adults in the United States and within population groups defined by demographic, geographic, socioeconomic, and health status characteristics. During 2021, an estimated 20.9% of U.S. adults (51.6 million persons) experienced chronic pain, and 6.9% (17.1 million persons) experienced high-impact chronic pain. New findings from this analysis include that non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) adults, adults identifying as bisexual, and adults who are divorced or separated are among the populations experiencing a higher prevalence of chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain. Clinicians, practices, health systems, and payers should vigilantly attend to health inequities and ensure access to appropriate, affordable, diversified, coordinated, and effective pain management care for all persons (8).

Analisis Disiplin Kerja pada PT. X Gresik

The purpose of this research is useful in identifying causes and solutions to employee discipline applied in daily work activities. This study processes data from respondents and informants who were asked for information or extracted data. The data processed from the research object is an indicator of employee work discipline with a qualitative descriptive method. Collection techniques with interviews, observation and collection of documentation. The data is analyzed against the problems encountered. The research results obtained from all indicators that affect discipline have been carried out well, but leaders need to improve in giving appreciation. Other factors that cause employees to be late for work are overtime activities and work environment or congested road access. The solution that can be done is by carrying out direct supervision or by utilizing technology (systems) that can monitor employee activities from the daily reports that employees work on. Conditions must be created in a comfortable work environment by improving road access, transferring attendance media (fingerprints) near the parking area. Continuous work evaluation is the provision of direction and motivation and the provision of periodic sanctions in order to achieve a higher level of discipline and to have a positive impact on the company.

Clinical and Social Features of Patients with Eye Injuries Admitted to a Tertiary Hospital: A Five-Year Retrospective Study from Crete, Greece

Eye injuries are a major cause of visual disability worldwide and may present a burden to both quality of life of the sufferers and healthcare services. The aim of this study was to extract and triangulate information on the demographic, clinical, and social features of eye-injured adult patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Greece. The design was a five-year retrospective study of eye-injured adult patients, admitted to the General University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete (GUHH), the single tertiary referral hospital on the island. Drawing the profile of eye-injured patients may add to future health planning. Data collected from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2019, such as sociodemographic features and clinical information, were extracted. One hundred twenty-eight patients were included. Of those, there was no available information on activity during injury for 6 patients, 78 (60.9%) had work-related ocular injuries, and 44 (34.4%) had non-work-related ocular injuries. Patients with no current formal employment, those who were retired, and formally unemployed and manual force workers had the higher rates of work-related injuries. The most common work-related injuries were closed globe injuries, specifically contusions, while ruptures and penetrating wounds were the most frequent of the open globe injuries. Within the univariate analyses, work-related eye injuries were significantly associated with male gender, middle age, and the place related to daily work activity. Determinants of poor final visual acuity (VA) were the initial VA, the type of injury (p < 0.0001), the distance of the place of residence from the hospital, and the time to hospital admission (p < 0.013). In a multivariate analysis, referred patients and those with open globe injuries arrived at hospital after a two-hour interval compared with those who were not referred and those with closed globe injuries (p ≤ 0.05). A reduction in the time to hospital admission deserves further attention. The interconnection of community and health system services through a capacity increase and networking needs further research in order to obtain targeted and viable access for eye-injured patients.

Co-Creation in Secure Software Development: Applied Ethnography and the Interface of Software and Development

Long-term ethnographic research conducted at a software company examined how security concerns and practices became part of software development. Participant observation over a two-year period was done by researchers with cybersecurity backgrounds and training in both computer science and qualitative research, with ongoing analysis done by a larger interdisciplinary team. In situ researchers joined as software engineers and participated in daily work activities while observing development practices and analyzing software (in)security. The first year of research found that improving security during software development can be helped by a co-creation model, whereby security experts work directly with software developers to provide security tools applicable to the specific software within the workflow. Researchers-as-developers fostered conversations, concerns, and considerations of how to implement security within the process of development. The second year used a situated learning approach to understand the interface between software development, security, and the development team. Through an interactive learning process, software engineers gathered knowledge and applied it, helping to foster greater concerns for security as part of the overall “culture” of development within the company. This locally situated co-creation approach has resonances with participatory approaches in business anthropology and implications for how to promote the co-creation of knowledge and expertise more broadly.