Daily Life Of Society Research Articles

KAJIAN TEMATIS Al-QUR’AN DAN HADITS TENTANG KEPEMIMPINAN

<p><em>Leaders and leadership are two interrelated problems of daily life in society, organization, nation and state. The development level of society, organizations and nations and countries influenced by the leaders and leadership. Islam itself as a religion rahmatan lil 'Alamin also put the issue of leaders and leadership as one of the major issues in his teaching. In the Qur'an and Hadith leadership gets a share of the discussion is not small, many verses of the Koran and the hadiths of the Prophet who Membincang about leadership. In the Islamic concept itself, leadership can be defined as a concept of interaction, relationships, processes of authority, influence activities, directs and coordinates both horizontally and vertically.</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>leadership, al-Qur’an, hadith<strong></strong></em></p>

A importância da cultura material e da Arqueologia na construção da História

This article discusses the importance of the material culture as a document of construction of the History. Firstly, we highlight some limitations of the written document in relation to the material aspects of culture. Secondly, we present the importance these material vestiges vis-a-vis written documents and of the Archaeology as a locus for the construction of this kind of information. Finally, we point out the material culture as responsible for bringing to the first plan of study the routine practices of the daily life in society, considered as forms of representation of cultural practices in the interaction between Archaeology and History. This article makes use of theoretical supports from History, Archaeology, Semiotic and Information Science. Key words: History, Archaeology, material culture, document.

理工系学生のための技術者倫理ハイブリッド教育・「科学と倫理」の実践と成果

The issue of economic globalization and JABEE (Japan Accreditation Board for Engineering Education) mean that education on engineering ethics has now become increasingly important for science-engineering students who will become the next generation of engineers. This is clearly indicated when engineers are made professionally responsible for various unfortunate accidents that happen during daily life in society. Learning hybrid engineering ethics is an essential part of the education of the humanities and sciences. This paper treats the contents for the subject of “Science and Ethics” drawing on several years of practice and the fruits of studying science and engineering ethics at the faculty of science-engineering in university. This paper can be considered to be a practical strategy to the formation of morality.

Studies of the Routine Grounds of Everyday Activities

In this article, which comprises the second chapter of Studies in Ethnomethodology, Harold Garfinkel offers conceptual and methodological tools to reveal taken-for-granted, obvious, routine grounds of everyday social activities. According to Garfinkel, the most effective and easiest way to explore how ordinary members of the society produce and recognize the commonly known world of daily affairs is a deliberate breaching of background expectancies we rely on in everyday life. It is background expectancies that provides for the recognizability of routine situations as natural, unproblematic, taken-for-granted. These expectancies constitute what is known as “common sense,” and offer to what is happening its character of reality “known in common with others”. If these expectations are not met (as a result of a special procedure), people begin to make efforts to normalize what is happening, which suggest the sociologist how the daily life in society is organized. Through such breaching experiments Garfinkel shows what are the structural grounds of persons’ common understandings in communication and of systematic manifestations of social affects. Analysis of the results of these experiments allows Garfinkel to argue that ordinary member of the society is not a “cultural dope,” i.e. a puppet that dutifully follows social prescriptions and rules, as traditional sociology tends to picture him or her.

Studies of the Routine Grounds of Everyday Activities

In this article, which comprises the second chapter of Studies in Ethnomethodology, Harold Garfinkel offers conceptual and methodological tools to reveal taken-for-granted, obvious, routine grounds of everyday social activities. According to Garfinkel, the most effective and easiest way to explore how ordinary members of the society produce and recognize the commonly known world of daily affairs is a deliberate breaching of background expectancies we rely on in everyday life. It is background expectancies that provides for the recognizability of routine situations as natural, unproblematic, taken-for-granted. These expectancies constitute what is known as “common sense,” and offer to what is happening its character of reality “known in common with others”. If these expectations are not met (as a result of a special procedure), people begin to make efforts to normalize what is happening, which suggest the sociologist how the daily life in society is organized. Through such breaching experiments Garfinkel shows what are the structural grounds of persons’ common understandings in communication and of systematic manifestations of social affects. Analysis of the results of these experiments allows Garfinkel to argue that ordinary member of the society is not a “cultural dope,” i.e. a puppet that dutifully follows social prescriptions and rules, as traditional sociology tends to picture him or her.