Czech Labour Market Research Articles

Foreign ownership wage premia in emerging economies

In this article we examine the relationship between wages, labour productivity and ownership using a linked employer–employee dataset covering a large fraction of the Czech labour market in 2006. We distinguish between different origins of ownership and study wage and productivity differences. The raw wage differential between foreign and domestically-owned firms is about 23 percent. The empirical analysis is carried out on both firm- and individual-level data. A key finding is that industry, region and notably human capital explain only a small part of the foreign–domestic ownership wage differential. Both white and blue collar workers as well as skilled and unskilled employees obtain a foreign ownership wage premium. Foreign ownership premia are more prevalent in older and less technologically advanced firms. Joint estimation of productivity and wage equations show that, controlling for human capital, the difference in productivity is about twice as large as the wage differential. Overall, results indicate that the international firms share their rents with their employees.

Hodnocení smrtelných rizik na trhu práce: studie hedonické mzdy v ČR

1. Uvod Zdravi pracovniků je ovlivněno nejrůznějsimi rizikovými faktory, ktere působi jak na fyzicke tak i dusevni zdravi pracovniků. Dusevni zdravi pracovniků je ovlivněno zejmena pracovnim stresem. Stres je způsoben mimo jine nepřiměřeným množstvim prace, spatnými vztahy na pracovisti, psychickým nebo fyzickým nasilim, sexualnim obtěžovanim. Pracovni stres, zvlastě pokud je dlouhodobý, může mit nasledně vliv i na fyzicke zdravi pracovnika. Pracovnici mohou být take vystaveni na pracovisti vysoke fyzicke zatěži, zvýsenemu nebezpeci urazů, prachu, různým chemickým latkam, toxickým výparům, hluku nebo zařeni. Působeni těchto rizikových faktorů ovlivňuje fyzicke zdravi pracovniků a může vest k muskuloskeletalnim porucham, ke zvýsenemu výskytu akutnich a chronických onemocněni, omezeni dennich aktivit a i ke sniženi průměrne delky života. Z bezpecnostniho a zdravotniho hlediska jsou v evropskem měřitku stale největsim problemem pracovni urazy. V soucasne době dochazi na evropskem trhu prace každý rok v průměru k 5,5 tisici smrtelným pracovnim urazům a 4,5 milionům nesmrtelným urazům, ktere jsou z hlediska pracovni neschopnosti delsi než 3 dny. S pracovnimi urazy je take spojena ztrata 150 milionů pracovnich dni. Pracovni urazy představuji obrovske naklady ve formě výdajů, ktere jsou spojene s lecenim nemoci a rehabilitaci, ztraty přijmu v připadě neschopnosti, ztraty výroby nebo kvality produkce, ale take představuji naklady z hlediska utrpeni pracovniků a jejich rodin a sniženi blahobytu z důvodu předcasneho umrti (Mossink a Greef, 2002). Pracovni urazy jsou tedy znacnou ekonomickou zatěži nejenom pro samotne pracovniky a fi rmy, ale take pro celou spolecnost. Některe z těchto nakladů, jako je napřiklad ztrata pracovnich dnů a ztrata přijmu, jsou měřitelne a mohou být snadno vyjadřeny v peněžnich jednotkach. Nicmeně znacna cast ekonomických efektů, ktera je spojena s pracovnimi urazy, je skryta nebo ji nelze přimo ocenit. Zejmena se jedna o efekty, ktere představuji dopady na změnu blahobytu pracovniků v důsledku pracovniho onemocněni ci urazu nebo předcasneho umrti. Z důvodu, že některa rizika mohou vest k předcasným umrtim, jsou tak ekonomove konfrontovani otazkou ekonomicke hodnoty života a zachrany života. Konvencni přistup k oceňovani umrtnosti je založen na odhadovani ochoty platit nebo ochoty přijimat kompenzace za změnu rizika umrti. Tento odhad je převeden na hodnotu

The involvement of foreign citizens in the Czech labour market

The involvement of foreign citizens in the Czech labour market

Terciárně vzdělaní odborníci a jejich potřeba na českém trhu práce

The paper deals with one of the biggest problems currently faced by the Czech labour market: namely, a shortage of labour with regard to specialists who have completed tertiary education. The introduction stresses the importance of knowledge capital both in contemporary society and in a knowledge-based economy. The need for universityeducated labour on the Czech labour market was ascertained from the results of a Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs grant project entitled Risk of a Brain Drain in the Czech Republic. The monitoring took place from the 2nd quarter of 2004 to the 2nd quarter of 2008. The results are based on an analysis of quantitative data (classified advertisements for job vacancies on web portals and in the media and statistics on vacancies provided by labour offices) and repeated qualitative surveys (standardised interviews with recruitment agency personnel). Based on these sources, a shortage of specialists with tertiary education in the Czech Republic was identified in terms of sectoral and professional structure and specialisation. The paper goes on to present university-educated workers as subjects of international competition and the reader is briefly introduced to the approaches of different countries to attracting specialists from abroad.

Reformy trhu práce a změny v systému sociální ochrany: Od Welfare k Workfare

This paper deals with the situation on the European labour market and especially on the Czech labour market. It shows the impact of long-term unemployment - a crucial problem in contemporary European countries - on the economy and on the society and its integrity. Great attention is paid to the social parasitism of the long-term unemployed and to the conversion of social protection systems that started in the late 1990s, when the new principle of social protection systems - the coercive principle - was set up. The principal fi ndings concern the decline in long-term unemployment both on the European labour market and on the Czech labour market after the conversion of the social protection systems. Last but not least, the paper deals with labour market flexibility.

The Legacy of Equality and the Weakness of Law: Within-job Gender Wage Inequality in the Czech Republic

Using firm-level data from the Czech Republic in the years 1998, 2002, and 2004, we examine whether the introduction of legislative measures for gender equality connected with the accession to the European Union had a significant effect on gender wage inequality. The central conclusion of our analysis is that within-job wage inequality plays a significant role in the Czech labour market, and that there were no substantive changes during the period studied. Czech women doing the same job in the same establishment earn about 10 per cent less than their male co-workers. The smallest gender wage gaps are found in establishments and groups of employees' representative of or with strong ties to the socialist past. We conclude by speculating that motherhood and women's responsibilities in the home, together with the legal system's lack of legitimacy, limit the impact of legislative changes on practices in Czech society and preserve gender wage discrimination.

Flexicurity - Challenge to Improve Czech Labour Market

Flexicurity - Challenge to Improve Czech Labour Market Flexicurity reflects the current basic trend of the EU in guaranteeing high employment levels and attainability of national fiscal systems. It was introduced in Denmark in the 1990s and significantly helped reduce unemployment levels. The Czech labour market, despite the transformation process, has still space for further improvement, especially in the time of economic slow-down. The best way is to try to apply elements and components which have been already successfully implemented in the other EU Member States. The aim of the paper is (based on the statistical indicators and official documents concerning labour markets topic) to describe the basic function of the model and find the components of the flexicurity model which could be used also in the Czech Republic and change labour market operation.

Strukturální změny českého trhu práce v letech 1990-2006

This paper deals with the situation on the Czech labour market in the period 1990-2006. It shows the status and development of the supply and demand sides of this market. Great attention is paid to the long-term trends in employment, self-employment, unemployment, and long-term unemployment. The principal findings concern the dominance of the supply side of the labour market, especially the unfavourable decline in young labour force in the present difficult period, a special pattern of Czech self-employment development, a heavy tax burden on employees' income, and distortions of labour market caused by high labour costs (social and health insurance). Last but not least, the paper explores the labour market flexibility.

Přímé zahraniční investice v české ekonomice: rizika duality a role trhu práce

The paper deals with the relationships between the inflow of FDI in the Czech economy and the Czech labour market. First part is focused on general issues related to the FDI inflows and to the analysis of the penetration of the foreign controlled companies into domestic economy. Special attendance is devoted to the scope and developments of the duality in the Czech economy, in particular in its key segment - manufacturing industry. The findings indicate gradual and differentiated diminishing of the scope of duality in the Czech manufacturing. The necessary conditions for positive spillovers of FDI into the domestic economy have been outlined, with flexible and qualified labour force being a very important channel of the transfer of technology. Therefore the impacts of FDI on the Czech labour market have been analyzed from the regional and industrial viewpoint. Low flexibility of the Czech labour market has been one of the reasons behind still considerable scope of duality in the Czech manufacturing.

Segmenty zaměstnaných a nezaměstnaných v České republice v letech 1998 až 2004

Stať se zabýva vývojem trhu prace v ceske republice z perspektivy zaměstnanosti a nezaměstnanosti v letech 1998-2004. Data z Výběrových setřeni zaměstnanosti a nezaměstnanosti Ceskeho statistickeho uřadu jsou analýzovana latentni logistickou regresi. Analýza odhalila existenci tři odlisných segmentů pracovni sily na trhu prace z hlediska zaměstnanosti a nezaměstnanosti, ktere vyžaduji odlisne přistupy aktivni zaměstnanecke politiky.

The Czech Labour Market: Historical, Structural and Policy Perspectives

A proper picture of the Czech labour market emerges by focusing on its nuanced details from various perspectives. First we focus on the specific phases of the labour market as it developed in the 1990s. Second, we observe the changing composition of the labour force and labour mobility. Third, we examine the vulnerable categories of people. Policies, active labour market policies in particular, are described in the fourth section. Fifthly, we analyse the flexibility of the labour market in its various forms. In conclusion, several questions regarding the future of the Czech labour market are raised: predominant montage character of the Czech economy and labour force, weak work commitment, growing differentiation of the labour market and a weak legal and institutional environment of business and employment.

Compound carbide composites produced by diffusion bonding : H. Klaasen et al. (Tallinn Technical University, Tallinn, Estonia.)

Problem Statement: Modern development trends in the labour market are more often discussed political and economic issue. General increase in the unemployment rate becomes serious, not only macroeconomic but also microeconomic problem that is solved at the level of governments of many countries. Among the unemployed, different risk groups of job applicants are created, who in the long run cannot find an employment within the segments of the labour market. In recent years, serious problems in the labour market have appeared among school graduates. Despite the increasing level of education among young people, since economic crisis in 2008, their employability is still getting worse. This phenomenon is not only a national problem of the Czech Republic but of many countries within the European Union. Purpose of Study: The number of university graduates grew significantly in the Czech Republic in recent years and parallelly with this development, the number of unemployed people has increased because of the university graduates. Generally, the problem of unemployment is usually associated with the deteriorating economic situation of the country. When employing the school graduates, not only macroeconomic factors, but also other factors can play an important role. The question is what the other factors are and to what extent they influence the success of university graduates in the Czech labour market.In the article, methods of primary and secondary research are applied. The primary research was carried out in the form of a questionnaire survey among students of Tomas Bata University in Zlin in 2011. In total, 598 questionnaires were processed using standard statistical methods. Secondary research was based on data about the development of employment and unemployment among school graduates which was published by the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs and by the Czech Statistical Office.The economic situation of the country is undoubtedly one of the factors that affect the employability of job applicants. Research also demonstrates other problems that may adversely affect employment of university graduate in the labour market. Most of the respondents have unrealistic ideas about the actual needs of the Czech labour market. The professional distinctiveness among most of them is rather very weak and independent of the study field. Conclusions and Recommendations: Modern approaches of university graduates to the working life can lead to the growing asymmetry of information in the labour market. The quality of job applicants with higher education from the perspective of work performance may be different. The employer can hardly distinguish whether the individual is really interested in the particular field. A university degree as a signal is failing in the Czech labour market. Without the intervention of the appropriate state authority to the education system in accordance with the real requirements of the Czech labour market, there can arise a socio-economic problem.

Czech labour market flows from 1993 to 2000

This paper investigates the behaviour of the labour market using labour force surveys data between 1993 and 2000. The first part of the paper is focusing on structural changes in employment in absolute and relative terms. Different groups (gender, occupations, and industries) are investigated to see major flows on the Czech labour market during the transition period. Paper concentrates on changes on the labour market by means of gross flow analysis and also on international comparison.

"We Don't Sleep around like White Girls Do": Family, Culture, and Gender in Filipina American Lives

Au Etats-Unis, les immigres Philippins resistent a differentes formes de discrimination a travers l'affirmation de certaines specificites culturelles. Par exemple, la chastete des femmes avant le mariage est presentee comme une resistance au modele de la societe dominante blanche americaine, mais ceci se fait au prix de l'autonomie des femmes et renforce le pouvoir patriarcal dans ces communautes

Active employment policy: a chance for czech labour market?

Czech labour market has been getting closer to standard labour market, notable growth of long-term unemployment can therefore be expected in the years to come. The level of long-term unemployment is still much lower in comparison with market economies, so that wide space still exists to stop massive growth of long-term unemployment. <P>Reviewing the West European experience shows that active employment policies can be quite helpful to cope with the problem of long-term unemployment and its social impacts. National Employment Plan declares more intensive implementation of active employment policy, its financial possibilities being, however, rather limited. Some structural problems of Czech labour market could limit effectiveness of this Plan as well.

The Czech Labour Market in Transition: Evidence from a Micro Study

In contrast to the other countries in eastern and central Europe, unemployment has so far increased only modestly in the Czech Republic. Results are reported from a panel survey of a sample of initially unemployed workers in the industrial centre of Ostrava, interviewed in three rounds during 1993. Results are reported regarding the wage in the former job, the reservation wage, the wage in a new job and the minimum acceptable wage in another job for those who have become employed during the panel study. Finally, results from estimating a hazard function for leaving unemployment are reported.