Cytotoxicity Of Ethanolic Extract Research Articles

Assessment of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities of Melia azedarach L. leaf extract

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic properties of Melia azedarach leaf. The phytoconstituents found in the leaves were extracted with four different solvent systems based on their polarity index. Antimicrobial activity of selected plant extracts was evaluated using disc diffusion and micro-broth dilution methods against four different pathogenic bacterial strains. The ethanolic extract of M. azedarach leaf showed a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Escherichia coli (15.07 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (18.23 mm) (P < 0.005), followed by Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhi. Further, the mechanism of action was confirmed by live/dead cells analysis, which revealed the death of E. coli and S. aureus upon treatment with ethanolic extract. In vivo anti-inflammatory test conducted using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model revealed that the 300 mg/kg ethanolic extract exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory activity of 51.78% compared with that of standard drug diclofenac (P < 0.001). Further, the cytotoxicity of ethanolic extract against human hepatocarcinoma cell lines (HepG2) was evaluated by MTT assay, and the findings showed a moderate level of toxicity against the HepG2 cell line with an IC50 value of 540.00 ± 0.6 μg/mL compared to doxorubicin. HepG2 cells treated with doxorubicin (2 μg/mL) and ethanolic extract showed a 2.33- and 1.35-fold increase in p53 gene expression, respectively. Apoptosis activity was measured in terms of DNA laddering, which indicated the late stage of apoptosis. The results showed that the extract-treated cell lines induced DNA fragmentation, which was found to be a potent anti-cancer mechanism in HepG2 cells. This study corroborated that the leaf extract of M. azedarach is a good source of active phytochemicals, with promising biological activities.

Cytotoxicity of ethanol extract and its fractions from Acalypha wilkesiana against breast cancer cell MCF-7

Cancer is a disease that is suffered by many people and is still a problem in the world. Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers with a high prevalence in women. Sablo plant is a plants that has the potential as an alternative therapy from natural ingredients that can be further developed as an anticancer. In this study, we evaluated the fraction of sablo ( Acalypha wilkesiana ) leaves and cytotoxic activity of extracts against breast cancer cells MCF-7 by colorimetric method using MTS a

Antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, anti-elastase and cytotoxicity of ethanol extract from Cnidoscolus chayamansa (Mc Vaugh) leaf extract

Antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, anti-elastase and cytotoxicity of ethanol extract from Cnidoscolus chayamansa (Mc Vaugh) leaf extract

Clinacanthus nutans induced reactive oxygen species-dependent apoptosis and autophagy in HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells

Background: Clinacanthus nutans (Burm.f.) Lindau is a medicinal herb that is conventionally used for the treatment of skin rashes, insect bites, snake bites, diabetes, and cancer. Objective: Our study aims to investigate the apoptosis- and autophagy-inducing effects of C. nutans in HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Cytotoxicity of ethanol extract, hexane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions of C. nutans against various cancer cell lines was determined via MTT assay. Apoptosis assays including annexin V, mito-ID, and Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide staining were carried out. The level of intracellular reactive oxidative species was determined using flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was carried out to assess the protein expression in C. nutans ethyl acetate fraction (CNEAF)-treated HCT116 cells. Results: CNEAF was found to exert the strongest cytotoxic effect against HCT116 cells (IC50 =48.81 ± 1.44 μg/mL). CNEAF-induced apoptosis was evidenced by nuclear morphological alterations, phosphatidylserine externalization, dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, and elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential was attributed to the upregulation of Bax and Bak accompanied by downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, leading to caspase-3, -9, -8, and -10 activation. Interestingly, an upregulation of death receptor 5 was detected, suggesting involvement of intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. In addition, the occurrence of autophagy by CNEAF was supported by LC-3 accumulation and p62 degradation. The reduction of intracellular ROS level by N-acetylcysteine showed that the apoptosis and autophagy induced by CNEAF is ROS dependent. Conclusions: CNEAF induced ROS-dependent apoptosis and autophagy on HCT116 cells. Abbreviations used: CNEAF: Clinacanthus nutans ethyl acetate fraction; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; PS: Phosphatidylserine; NAC:N-Acetyl Cysteine; Bax: Bcl-2-associated X; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; DR-5: Death receptor 5 Bak: Bcl-2-antagonist/killer 1; Bcl-xL: B-cell lymphoma-extra large.

Cytotoxicity of ethanol extracts from glanded and glandless cottonseed in cultured mouse RAW macrophages

Cotton plant provides two economically important products, fiber as the major product and cotton seed as the minor product. However, cotton plant produces more seed in terms of quantity than fiber with a seed/fiber ratio of 1.5 – 1.7. Cottonseed typically accounts for 15 – 25% of the crop value. Due to presence of toxic gossypol in the commonly cultivated cotton (glanded cotton), the uses of cottonseed is limited to feeding cows and not for human and other animal consumption. To explore the potential use of glandless cottonseed which has only trace amount of gossypol, we investigated the cytotoxicity of extracts from glandless cottonseed along with those from glanded cottonseed and compared directly with gossypol and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using cultured mouse macrophages. Cottonseeds were separated into coat and kernel fractions. Both fractions were homogenized in 0.1 N acetic acid, defatted with chloroform and hexane and extracted with ethanol. The ethanol extracts were rotoevaporated to remove ethanol and the dried extracts were reconstituted in DMSO before being added to cultured mouse RAW264.7 macrophages using gossypol and LPS as controls. Cell cytotoxicity was determined with MTT method. Dosage study showed that no cytotoxicity effect was observed in cells treated for 2–24 h with extracts (up to 1 mg/ml) from glandless cottonseed coat or kernels, nor with glanded cottonseed coat. However, mitochondrial activity measured by the MTT method was decreased by 40% with glanded cottonseed kernel extract after cells were treated with 0.1–1 mg/ml for 24 h. LPS (up to 1 ug/ml) did not show toxic activity but gossypol (≥5 ug/ml, 24h) almost completely inhibited cell viability. These results suggest that glandless cottonseed extractis harmless towards the cultured macrophages but glanded cottonseed extract from its kernel, like gossypol, is harmful to the immunological cells.Support or Funding InformationSupported by USDA‐ARS Quality and Utilization of Agricultural Products Research Program 306 through CRIS 6054‐41000‐103‐00D.

Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Ethanol Extracts from Different Parts of Taraxacum coreanum Nakai cultivated in South Korea

Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Ethanol Extracts from Different Parts of Taraxacum coreanum Nakai cultivated in South Korea

Cytotoxicity Study of Ethanol Extract of the Leaves of Asam Kandis (Garcinia cowa Roxb.) on T47D Breast Cancer Cell line

Objective: To investigate the cytotoxic effect of ethanolic extract of the leaves of asam kandis (Garcinia cowa Roxb.) against T47D breast cancer cells. Methods: The cytotoxicity of ethanol extract was carried out by measuring the activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenase in living cells that have ability to convert dissolved MTT pale yellow to purple formazan product. The extract was added at various concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/mL). The level of cytotoxicity was determined by calculating the IC50 value that was based on the percentage of the cell death after 24 hours treatment with the extract. Cell morphological changes were observed by using inverted microscope. Results: The IC50 value showed that ethanol extract of leaves of asam kandis could resist T47D breast cancer cells with IC50 6.13 ± 3.51 μg/mL. The statistic results proved that ethanol extract of the leaves of asam kandis could inhibit the growth of T47D breast cancer cells significantly at concentrations of 10 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL. Conclusion: The results suggest that ethanol extract of the leaves of asam kandis was potential source of herbal medicine for cancer-related ailments.

English

Acute toxicity and cytotoxicity of ethanol extract of Samanea tubulosa (EESt) pods were evaluated in Swiss mice. Acute toxicity studies were conducted based on OECD guidelines 420, where the limit test dose was 5000 mg/kg. Observation was made and recorded systemically for 1, 2, 4 and 24 h after the administration of dose for skin changes, morbidity, aggression and sensitivity of the behavior of the animals. For the cytotoxicity, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-zil] -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) test and hemolysis were performed with concentrations of 6.25 to 800 µg/ml. No significant variation (p < 0.05) in the body and organ weights between the control and the treated group was observed after 14 days of treatment. Pathologically, neither gross abnormalities nor histopathological changes were observed. No mortality was recorded in 14 days. Moreover, both cytotoxic tests made no significant alterations to be able to display the evidence of the effect of cytotoxic. Therefore, we suggest that EESt use is safe in a systemic and cellular level. Key words: Samanea tubulosa, toxicity, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-zil] -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT), hemolysis, natural product.

Anti-oxidant activity and cytotoxicity of ethanolic extracts from rhizome of Musa acuminata

In the present study, antioxidant activities of rhizome of Musa acuminata were investigated. Free radical scavenging assay (DPPH) and reducing power of the ethanolic extract of banana rhizome resulted in potential antioxidant activities. A relatively high percentage of antioxidant activity by DPPH assay (81.41% at 200 μg/ml) which was comparable to that of the standard, ascorbic acid at 100 μg/ml was observed. With the gallic acid as standard the extract showed a relatively low reductive potential, however, when tested for cytotoxicity at the highest concentration of the tested dose (256 μg/ml), the maximum rate of inhibition observed was 50.32%. The present work indicates that the ethanolic extract of Musa acuminata exhibits significant antiproliferative and antioxidant activities.