Cylinder Compression Ignition Research Articles

Experimental and Theoretical Performance Analysis of Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Diesel Engine using Bio Diesel as an Alternate Fuel

In this study the biodiesel derived from different vegetable oil esters (VOE) including Jatropha and Karanja is compared with diesel. The efficiency, emission and combustion properties of different VOE in single cylinder compression ignition engine were compared with Diesel. The main objective of our study is the theoretical and experimental comparison of the efficiency, emission and combustion properties of biodiesel using Jatropha and Karanja esters with diesel. Vegetable oil from Jatropha and Mahua was transesterified and used in a turbocharged engine water-cooled single-cylinder Diesel Engine attached to an ac induction motor with a current of 0 to 5kw. Brake thermal efficiency is decreased by around 1.4 percent for Jatropha, 2.0 percent for Karanja compared to Diesel. Brake specific fuel consumption improved by 0.2 percent for Jatropha and 3.4 percent for Karanja compared to Diesel.

Investigations on Biogas Fueled Dual Fuel DIesel Engine Employing Dimethyl Carbonate as a Fuel Blend

ABSTRACT In this experimental study, the center point of our work is to evaluate the impact of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) fuel blended with diesel with regard to the engine performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics in dual fuel engine fueled by biogas at various DMC proportions and biogas flow rates. A water-cooled, four stroke, single cylinder Compression Ignition (CI) engine is adjusted to run in dual fuel mode. A simulated biogas is obtained by mixing CH4 and CO2 that are kept in red and black cylinders, respectively. Throughout the experimental process the engine is run at a constant speed of 1800 rpm. Three proportions of DMC are taken which are 10, 20, and 30% by volume and blended with pure diesel. Biogas flow rates taken are 12 lpm and 16 lpm. An experimental study was performed and it is found that a maximum of 3% drop in brake thermal efficiency at high DMC proportions but at low biogas flow rates, the efficiency increased up to 2.7%. NOx emissions were observed to be low on addition of DMC and further decreased at high biogas flow rates. The maximum reduction of 57.5% is observed when compared to diesel-only mode. CO emissions increased upto 28% at high DMC fractions. In combustion characteristics, the Maximum Heat Release Rate (MHRR) decreased at high DMC fractions and high biogas flow rates but decreased, at high loads. The maximum cylinder pressure also decreased at high DMC fractions and at high biogas flow rates. The period of combustion increases when DMC fraction is increased.

Assessment of performance and exhaust emission quality of different compression ratio engine using two biodiesel mixture: Artificial neural network approach

In this work, the thermal performance characteristics and emissions of VCR, one cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine fuelled with a mixture of two biodiesel in a blend with diesel has been assessed by using artificial neural network (ANN). Further, the two biodiesel considered are Pongamia and Jatropha mixed in different volume ratio, i.e. 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 these mixtures are called M1, M2, and M3. The mixtures are used to prepare the various blends operated with dieselfuel, whichare utilized in the experimentation. The engine experimental data required for the training and validation of ANN model are obtained through the VCR engine operated with pure diesel and blends of two biodiesel mixture as a fuel at different load and compression ratio. To train the ANN model, mixture ratio, blend ratio, load and compression ratio (CR), are selected as the inputs and output variables are brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), exhaust gas temperature (EGT), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), smoke density. Different architectures of ANN are trained by varying the number of hidden neurons in the hidden layer and corresponds tothe minimum mean square error(MSE) for validation data for selecting the optimum architecture to estimate the parameters. The thermal performance and emissions of VCR engine estimated by using proposed ANN model are found to be quite close to experimental values with reasonable accuracy as the correlation coefficient is ranging from 0.97 to 0.99.

Exergy analysis of a diesel engine converted to spark ignition operating with diesel, ethanol, and gasoline/ethanol blends

Biofuels such as ethanol have been used in internal combustion engines to reduce polluting emissions. However, some studies show that they affect engine performance due to their differences in thermophysical properties. Besides, pure ethanol has not been properly evaluated in compression ignition engines. Therefore, this work shows the results of an exergy analysis in a single cylinder compression ignition engine converted to spark ignition engine of varying compression ratio, operated with diesel, ethanol, and gasoline/ethanol blends, in different operating parameters. Tests were carried out on the engine without modifications operating diesel at a compression ratio of 17:1 and converted to spark ignition with 50%, 10% gasoline/ethanol blends and pure ethanol at compression ratios of 9:1, 12:1 at rotation speeds of 1500, 2100, 2600 and 3200 rpm. Under the experimental operating conditions, the results of the modified engine showed that the blend 50% and ethanol performs better by operating with 12:1 compression ratio, in relation to exergetic efficiency and environmental effect factor. Besides, the engine showed a better performance by becoming to spark ignition operating with ethanol and gasoline/ethanol blends.

Analytical Study of Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Palm Biodiesel Fuelled Engine using Response Surface Methodology

Alternative fuels are in the limelight due to depleting fossil fuel reserves and alarming environmental impact of pollution. Even though electric mobility is encouraged by the government to reduce the dependence on fossil fuel, lack of high energy density batteries still downplays the mass marketable scope of electric vehicles due to drivable range in which liquid fueled vehicles have the advantage. Response Surface Methodology (RSM), a statistical mathematic technique is utilized to analytically study the impacts of Palm Biodiesel (PBD) blended diesel fuel at enrichment ratio of 10%, 20%, and 40% on performance and emission characteristics of a multi cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine. The study concludes that engine torque and power improve with mild palm oil enrichment of 10% notably at low end speed of 2000 rpm. CO2 and CO emissions and smoke decline while higher O2 content present in PBD compared to pure Diesel gives rise to NOX emissions.

Effect of thermal Barrier coating in CI engines fueled with Citrus Medica (Citron) peel oil biodiesel dosed with cerium oxide nanoparticle

In modern days, due to the increase in the automobile pollution and energy crisis has been major concern that world is facing. So, discovering a alternate source of fuel that can partially replace the conventional fuel sources is certainly necessary. Biodiesel is one such alternate fuel source that can fractionally meet the energy requirement. Additionally, control of Green House Gases (GHG) also plays a vital role in conserving the environment. In the present research article, the emission and performance characteristics of Citrus Medica Peel Oil bio diesel dosed with Cerium Oxide (CeO2) nano particle additive was studied. As well the engine cylinder liner and piston head were coated with Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) of thickness 300 µm and 150 µm respectively to furthermore improve the performance characteristics. TBC was done with Zirconia Stabilized with Yttria and Ceria (Zirconia 85%, Yttria 10%, and Ceria 5%). Air Plasma Spray Technique (APS) was employed to carry out the coating. Finally, the emission and performance analysis were carrier out with DCO, B15, B20, B25 blends in single cylinder compression ignition engine with TBC and with and without TBC under same testing conditions. It was found that Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) of B20 + 15 ppm was marginally higher and with TBC the Specific Fuel Consumption is reduced by 10.59% and there was rise in frictional power loss. The Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) escalated by 8-15⁰C. Regarding the emissions, there was accountable decline in Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxides of Nitrogen (NOx). The morphology of coating remained undifferentiated after 20 h of uninterrupted operation of engine but with only excess carbon deposits on the surface.

Neural network approach of estimating CI engine performance and emission parameters from WCO based biodiesel

This study develops the Multi Layer Neural Network (MLNN) model to estimate Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), Carbon-monoxide (CO), Unburnt Hydrocarbons (HC) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx). The data required for training and validation are generated at various operating points on an experimental test rig comprises of 4-stroke one cylinder Compression Ignition (CI) engine connected to dynamometer of eddy current type. The inputs to MLNN are load and blends. Further, the optimum architecture can be obtained by varying the hidden neurons in the hidden layer from 2 to 10 are trained. The architecture that gives least Mean Square Error (MSE) for test data is considered as the optimum architecture to predict the parameters. The parameters predicted by MLNN are found to be quite close to experimental values with reasonable accuracy and which can be used for engine control unit.

The effect of nanoparticles dispersed in waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel on thermal performance characteristics of VCR engine

Abstract The work presented in this paper aims to study the effect of nanoparticles dispersed in waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel on the thermal performance characteristics of VCR, one cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine. The naoparticles considered are Cerium Oxide (CeO2) and Magnesium Oxide (MgO) is mixed with the different biodiesel-diesel blends of 20%, 40% and 60% of WCO (B20, B40, B60) using ultrasonicator. The thermal performance characteristics are investigated by conducting test at 1500 rpm constant speed and load varying from 25% to 100% load of engine with an interval of 25% load. The experimental test results reveals that the improvement in performance characteristics of VCR engine due to the addition of Cerium Oxide (CeO2) and Magnesium Oxide (MgO) nanoparticles to different blends of WCO biodiesel compared to that of neat diesel.

PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION OF CI ENGINE FUELED BY TURPENTINE AND COTTONSEED OIL BLENDS AT VARIOUS INJECTION PRESSURES

In the current study an experimental investigation was carried out with cottonseed oil ester and mineral turpentine oil blend as an alternative fuel in a diesel engine. This study gives the comparative characteristics of performance and emission for the fuel blends and compared with diesel at various injector opening pressures of 190 bar, 210 bar and 230 bar. The experiment was conducted on 5.2 kW single cylinder Compression Ignition engine. Fuel blends in various ratios has been tested. The Turpentine oil was first blended with 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of cottonseed oil ester to improve the performance of pure turpentine oil as fuel. It was found that the blend T80 which contains 80 % turpentine and 20 % cottonseed oil ester at 210 Bar gives the optimum brake thermal efficiency among all the blends.

Experimental investigation on combustion, performance and emission analysis of 4-stroke single cylinder diesel engine fuelled with neem methyl ester-rice wine alcohol-diesel blend

The present world faces the crisis of fossil fuels as it will no longer sustain in the future, gives a knowledge to look on waste resources, where waste rice and neem seed are utilizable for the production of biofuels by the process of fermentation and transesterification. In this paper, the physiochemical properties of the produced biofuels are examined. The 5% rice wine alcohol is used as an additive with neem methyl ester-diesel blend to lower the viscosity and flash point for the better performance in the single cylinder compression ignition engine. Different blends as D90B5RW5, D85B10RW5, D75B20RW5, and D65B30RW5 are prepared and examined experimentally by varying the engine loads (0–100%) at constant engine speed (1500 rpm). Experimental results showed the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and smoke opacity, however oxide of nitrogen (NOx) is found higher. In the performance, D75B20RW5 shows 8% higher brake thermal efficiency and 3.33% lower brake specific fuel consumption compared to diesel. While in the combustion the peak cylinder pressure and net heat release rate are seen to be higher for biodiesel blends with additive.

Performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel produced from fish oil after extracting omega 3 fatty acid

The dynamic working nature of modern industries demand huge energy requirement to sustain their operation. Till date, fossil fuels are the primary energy sources and their extinct being a serious threat to many industries including automotive sectors. Biodiesel fuels are limelight to many industries due to their inherent carbon neutral and eco-friendly characteristics. Waste oils (fish oil) is a potential biomass feedstock which offers excellent technological benefits over petroleum and other vegetable oils. The biodiesel (i.e. residue from fish oil after extracting omega-3 fatty acid) production is done with two-stage transesterification process. Biodiesel at different proportions (B10, B20, B30 B100 indicate 10%, 20%, 30% and 100% of biodiesel) are blended with neat diesel fuel to know the practicality of fuel properties, performance and emission characteristics. The performance and emission characteristics are tested at different loading (from no-load to full load) conditions of single cylinder compression ignition engine. The B10 designated fuel resulted in close proximity values of conventional diesel in terms of fuel properties, performance and emission characteristics.

An emission control strategy in a low capacity single cylinder compression ignition engine powered with DEE blended fuels

In this current research analysis, fuel modification technique is preferred on expending water, diesel, surfactants, and an ignition enhancer (Di-Ethyl Ether – DEE). The whole research analysis was conducted in six segments. In the first segment, neat diesel was used as a solitary fuel in a diesel engine to accomplish the reference readings. In the second segment, DEE was mixed with the neat diesel fuel in a fixed proportion (say, 98% neat diesel + 2% DEE & 96% neat diesel + 4% DEE), and in the third segment, water blended diesel emulsion fuels were synthesized (98% neat diesel + 2% water + surfactants & 96% diesel + 4% water + surfactants). In the fourth segment, DEE + water blended emulsion fuels were synthesized (98% neat diesel + 2% water + surfactant + DEE & 96% neat diesel + 4% water + surfactants + DEE) systematically. In the fifth segment, the fuel properties, stability were investigated, and eventually, in the sixth segment, the prepared stable fuels were subjected for the experimental investigations in a CI engine. It was examined that the fuel (which contained 96% Diesel, 4% water, surfactants and DEE) was the best candidate among the tested fuels due to effects of micro explosions and secondary atomization. At the maximum load, the performance attributes (such as brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency) of 96D4H2OSDEE observed as 0.274 kg/kWh and 30.82%, whereas, it was 0.331 kg/kWh and 25.52% for the neat diesel respectively. With regards to emission attributes, the emissions of NOx and HC for the 96D4H2OSDEE were 1.2 g/kWh and 0.12 g/kWh, while compared to that of 1.5 g/kWh and 0.14 g/kWh ppm for the neat diesel fuel at the 4000 W. Similar trend was also reflected in terms of smoke opacity, at the full load, the level of smoke opacity observed was 55% for 96D4H2OSDEE, whereas, it was 79%, for the neat diesel fuel.

Impact of compression ratio in the emission and performance phenomenon of a CI engine fuelled with jojoba biodiesel blends

In the present experimental investigation, jojoba biodiesel-diesel bends were fuelled to a four stroke single cylinder compression ignition engine at compression ratio of 17.5 to understand its emission and performance phenomenon. Jojoba biodiesel was prepared through base catalysed transesterification process using NaOH and methanol. The physio-chemical properties like calorific value, kinematic viscosity, density, flash and fire point were determined and found to be within ASTM standards. The performance parameters includes brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption and emission parameters includes unburned hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and smoke were assessed. Optimal operating parameters of the engine was analyzed by incrementing and decrementing the compression ratio upto CR18 and CR17 respectively.

Assessment of late pilot injection effect in dual-fuel combustion

In this paper, the effect of late injection on combustion and emission levels has been investigated on a single cylinder compression ignition engine operated in dual-fuel mode injecting methane along the intake duct and igniting it through a pilot fuel injected directly into the combustion chamber. During the tests, the amount of pilot fuel injected per cycle has been kept constant, while the amount of methane has been varied on three levels. Therefore, three levels of engine load have been tested, while speed has been kept constant equal to 1500rpm. Pilot injection pressure has been varied on three set points, namely 500, 1000 and 1500 bar. For each engine load and injection pressure, pilot injection timing has been swept on a very broad range of values, spanning from very advanced to very late values. The analysis of heat release rate indicates that MK-like conditions are established in dual-fuel mode with late pilot injection. In these conditions, pollutant species, and NOx levels in particular, are significantly reduced without penalization – and in several conditions with improvement – on fuel conversion efficiency.

Experimental investigation on performance and emission characteristics of a CI diesel engine fueled with fusel oil/diesel fuel blends

ABSTRACT In reaction to the increasing number of vehicles every passing day, the quest for alternative fuels has accelerated due to limited fuel resources and their negative effects on the environment. Alcohols have an important place in the research on alternative fuels. Fusel oil is an alcohol-based fuel obtained as a by-product during the fermentation of alcohol. In this experimental study, pure diesel fuel and fusel oil-diesel fuel mixtures were used in a single cylinder compression-ignition (CI) engine, the engine performance, combustion and exhaust emission characteristics were examined. The experiment was performed at a constant engine speed (2600 1/min) and at different engine loads (2.5 Nm, 5 Nm, 7.5 Nm, 10 Nm and 12.5 Nm). According to the results, brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) increased and exhaust gas temperature decreased in fusel oil mixtures when compared to pure diesel fuel. It was also found that carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and smoke emissions decreased with the fusel oil mixtures. On the other hand, raising the amount of the fusel oil additive negatively affected the engine performance and there was a decrease in the maximum in-cylinder pressure.

Effect of acetylene addition in safflower biodiesel fueled CI engine–an experimental study

ABSTRACT The aim of the current study is to study the effect of acetylene addition inducted with intake air with safflower biodiesel (SME) as fuel in single cylinder Compression Ignition (CI) engine. Replacement of diesel with SME led to inferior combustion as a result of high viscosity and density. Acetylene was inducted along with intake air in the inlet manifold at various mass shares with diesel and SME as fuel. All the experiments were conducted at 50% and 100% load condition with different acetylene mass shares until knock limit. Tests were conducted until the knock limit was identified at each load with acetylene induction. Acetylene induction improved the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) with both diesel and SME at 100% load, and the improvement was proportional to the increase in acetylene energy share. BTE was improved by 6.6% and 14.3% for maximum acetylene share with diesel and SME, respectively, while the improvement was not significant at 50% load. SME emitted higher NOx in comparison to diesel at both the load conditions and further increased with acetylene induction. While smoke was reduced with SME and further reduced with addition of acetylene at all the loads. HC, CO, and CO2 emissions were lowered with acetylene addition, and maximum reduction of all these three emissions were observed at maximum knock limit. From the experimental study, it is concluded that poor performance of SME was improved with acetylene addition and the BTE of SME with peak acetylene mass share of 10.8% is similar to diesel. Hence, the combination of biodiesel and acetylene can replace diesel in CI engine to match the emission norms.

Effect of linseed methyl ester and diethyl ether on the performance–emission analysis of a CI engine based on Taguchi-Fuzzy optimisation

This paper investigates the consequence of linseed methyl ester and diethyl ether on the performance and emissions of the existing single cylinder compression ignition engine. Here biodiesel is mixed with diesel fuel along with DEE as an additive at a disparate segment of blends as (B10, B20, B10DEE10 and B20DEE10). Varying the brake power from (0 to 3.42 kW) at a constant speed of 1500 rpm, it is endowing that BD10DEE10 has maximum brake thermal efficiency (Bthe) of 4.48% higher than that of diesel. The consumption of biodiesel blends along with an additive lowered the excretions like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide emissions. But the secretions of nitrogen oxide are seen to be lofty. Moreover, the Fuzzy-based Taguchi optimisation technique is incorporated to accomplish the selection for the optimal fuel blend governing the multi-performance characteristics gauging on some factors such BSFC, Bthe, NOx and CO for the different blends of biodiesel and additive.

Second law analysis of waste cooking oil biodiesel versus ULSD during operation of a CI engine

Waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel is a sustainable option compared to ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) due to its relatively low cost and carbon cycle recovery potential while not competing with food resources. Research on this fuel finds limited studies with little to no information regarding a second law heat release analysis and contrasting findings with respect to NOx emissions. This effort rectifies these issues by performing experiments with ULSD and WCO biodiesel on a single cylinder compression ignition engine running at constant speed (2000 rpm) and various loads (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% load). The combustion timing of WCO biodiesel was normalized to match the peak in-cylinder pressure timing of ULSD. Generally, WCO biodiesel demonstrated shorter ignition delays and, thus, quicker periods for the mixture formation while requiring more fuel (and greater CO2 emissions) to match the load requirement. Subsequently, this cuts the premixed event short and induces diffusion-dominated combustion above that of operation with ULSD. WCO biodiesel primarily resulted in cooler peak temperatures, but longer periods of high temperatures that appear later in the combustion cycle where work extraction is more difficult; hence, lowering the 2nd Law efficiency. As a result, availability losses due to heat transfer increase, but this warmer in-cylinder environment mitigates losses due to entropy production. The emissions analysis highlights a more complete combustion of WCO biodiesel with lower CO and HC emissions. NOx emissions are closely tied with in-cylinder temperatures and the amount of diffusion burn; hence, increasing or decreasing based on combustion behavior.

Investigation of the effects of diesel-fusel oil fuel blends on combustion, engine performance and exhaust emissions in a single cylinder compression ignition engine

Increasing harmful effects of global warming, consumption of energy and depletion of fossil-based fuels have directed the researches on alternative fuels such as ethanol, methanol, natural gas for compression ignition engines. Among these fuels, alcohols are preferred due to their advantages such as oxygen content, renewable fuel and availability by biomass sources. Fusel oil is obtained as a by-product in ethanol production and it has no usage area and no value for the economy of the country. In this study, pure diesel and fusel oil were mixed in certain proportions. The effects of test fuels on combustion, engine performance and exhaust emissions were examined comprehensively at different engine loads and speeds. In the calculation of heat release rate single-zone combustion model and the first thermodynamics were used. At full load operating conditions similar pressure traces were obtained with F5 and F10 compared to diesel. Specific fuel consumptions were calculated as 201.3, 240.1 and 261.9 g/kWh at 2200 rpm with the usage of diesel, F5 and F10 fuels respectively. In addition, it was determined that as the ratio of fusel oil in the blend increased, CO emissions increased according to the pure diesel operation and smoke and NOx emissions decreased.

Effective power and effective power density analysis for water in diesel emulsion as fuel in diesel engine performance

In the present theoretical study, a comparative performance analysis of a single cylinder compression ignition engine with diesel, 5% and 10% water in diesel emulsion as fuels have been investigated. Effect of variation in engine operating parameters like inlet pressure, friction coefficient compression ratio, equivalence ratio, and a residual gas fraction on engine performance parameters, i.e., effective power, effective power density, and total heat loss have been analyzed. Analysis has been carried out on the basis of isobaric heat addition and isochoric heat rejection assumptions with temperature variable specific heats and composition of alternative fuels. Microexplosion phenomenon for secondary atomization in water in diesel emulsion fuels improves the fuel combustion efficiency for better performance.The theoretical analysis revealed that the effective power and effective power density for diesel fuel are found to be increased by 14.4% and 28.6% respectively, compared to 5% and 10% water in diesel emulsion fuels in compression ignition engine at 1 bar inlet pressure. Highest effective power and effective power density are obtained with an equivalence ratio of 1.2 for all mentioned fuels. Increase in inlet pressure results in increase effective power, effective power density, and total heat loss performances. Highest effective efficiency has been found with an equivalence ratio of 0.89 for diesel, 5% and 10% water in diesel emulsion fuels and is highly affected by inlet pressure for all mention fuel type. Also, an increase in friction coefficient and residual gas fraction decreases effective power, effective power density and effective efficiency for diesel, 5% and 10% water in diesel emulsion fuels. Obtained results are an essential tool for compression ignition engine designer and also provoked to use the water in diesel emulsion fuels as an alternative fuel in place of neat diesel fuel.