Cycling Stability For Lithium-ion Batteries Research Articles

Electro-Deposition of Amorphous Silicon Anodes Exhibiting High Reversible Capacity and Cycling Stability for Lithium-Ion Batteries

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Self-Oriented Ca[sub 3]Co[sub 4]O[sub 9] Thin Film as an Anode Material for Enhanced Cycling Stability of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Self-oriented Ca 3 Co 4 O 9 nanoflake thin film has been prepared by a simple sol-gel method as the anode for thin-film lithium-ion batteries. The X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy results show that the prepared Ca 3 Co 4 O 9 /Pt film is c-axis self-oriented and composed of nanoflakes approximately 2 μm in diameter and 200-300 nm thick. The reversible lithium storage capacity of the Ca 3 Co 4 O 9 thin-film electrode at 1 C is around 800 mAh g -1 , and it retains more than 70% capacity after 50 cycles, suggesting that the Ca 3 Co 4 O 9 thin film can be used as the anode for lithium-ion batteries.

The complex electrochemistry of graphite electrodes in lithium-ion batteries

This paper discusses the interrelated phenomena of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation and the irreversible charge consumption which occurs during the first cycle of a graphite electrode, as well as their relevance to the cycling stability of lithium-ion batteries. Thus, results from relevant characterization methods, namely, in situ mass spectrometry, in situ infrared spectroscopy, in situ Raman and video microscopy, in situ scanning probe microscopy, in situ quartz crystal microbalance, and differential scanning calorimetry were combined for a more thorough understanding of observations made in cycling experiments. From electrochemical cycling tests, we have learned that a high specific charge (∼360 Ah/kg of carbon), satisfactory cycle life of the graphite electrodes (1000 deep cycles), and an irreversible charge of <7% during SEI formation can only be obtained when water contamination of the cell is avoided. Under such conditions, a good-quality SEI film is formed on the carbon surface. We conclude that during SEI film formation, at first the carbonate solvent(s) are reduced, forming ethylene gas, organic radicals, oligomers, and polymers. Then a SEI film is precipitated on the surface via a nucleation and growth mechanism. The irreversible charge consumption due to SEI formation is proportional to the BET specific surface area of the graphite and rapidly increases with increasing water content in the cell.

Key factors for the cycling stability of graphite intercalation electrodes for lithium-ion batteries

Aspects of the charge loss during the first cycle and the cycling stability of lithium-ion batteries are discussed as functions of water and oxygen impurities in their electrolyte solutions. Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry revealed different decomposition products depending on the water content. Carbon black, copper particles, and nickel particles were added to the graphite electrodes in order to improve their cycling stability.