Disciplines Of Cycle Research Articles

The The effectiveness of the implementation of game technologies in professional training at higher education institutions

The article describes the effectiveness of mechanisms for the practical use of game technologies, namely the principles of their implementation in modern Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). In connection with today’s challenges, the question of optimization, innovation and availability of knowledge remains extremely relevant. A number of changes in the reform of the higher education system require an ever-increasing search for such educational forms and methods that would contribute to the formation of professional competences, communicative abilities and skills, general cultural and socially important principles. Selecting original techniques that would be effective for comprehensive training of linguists is equally important. On the basis of the process of teaching the disciplines of the philological cycle to the students of the Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, the effectiveness of the use of game technologies in the process of training future specialists and their direct use of game techniques during practice was assessed. The method of pedagogical observation in combination with a Google Form survey enabled the analysis of the functional significance of game elements in classes on the disciplines of the philological cycle, proving the effectiveness of games as a sensory tool.

ПІДГОТОВКА МАЙБУТНІХ ВИХОВАТЕЛІВ ДО ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО ПЕДАГОГІЧНОГО СПІЛКУВАННЯ: ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ У ВИЩІЙ ШКОЛІ

The paper is devoted to the problem of preparing future educator for professional pedagogical communication as a necessary of activity in the educational field. In the paper it is analyzed the essence of the concept of «professional pedagogical communication» and concluded that it is legitimate to consider it in two aspects: first, from the point of view of belonging to the field of application - as a type of professional communication implemented by teachers in the educational environment, performing a number of special functions (contact, informational, motivational, coordinating, expressive, managerial, establishing relationships, organizing influence (according to N.Volkova)) and ensures interaction and relationships with students regarding their education and upbringing; secondly, in terms of the personal achievement of the teacher in terms of the level of perfection of its implementation, at which it reaches the optimum equivalent to a high degree of humanistic communication culture. The components of training future educators for professional pedagogical communication are distinguished: professional, which makes it possible to communicate in the educational environment through mastering the subject of pedagogical activity; socio-psychological, the content of which is the ability of the future teacher to successfully use the means, mechanisms and forms of communication in the educational environment; ethical and deontological, which allows to build communication taking into account moral and legal regulations. The results of the analysis of the content of education of future educators are presented, which showed the potential suitability of educational programs for the implementation of the professional component through the disciplines of general and professional cycles and, at the same time, the insufficient opportunities of almost half of the programs to familiarize themselves with the socio-psychological principles and normative parameters of pedagogical communication. The consequence of this situation is a low level of culture of professional pedagogical communication of future teachers. It is proposed to improve the content of education of future educators by introducing disciplines into the compulsory educational components of bachelor's and master's programs that would ensure the mastery of socio-psychological, ethical and deontological principles of professional pedagogical communication, which would make it possible to comprehensively implement all components of communication training.

The model of contextual education of digital literacy to students on the example of philological disciplines

Introduction. Today, there is an acute problem of training a new type of specialist, successfully developing in the digital space, striving to improve in the field of modern digital technologies. Digital literacy is moving into the category of an independent type of literacy and is becoming an integral part of the professional competence of a future specialist. The aim of the study is to develop and present a model of contextual education of digital literacy to students on the example of disciplines of philological cycle. Materials and methods of research. The research is based on the provisions of normative documents on education, on the methodological principles of the leading approaches to the role of the environment and activity in personal development (competence-based, systemic, activity-based, personal), on the analysis of scientific judgments about the essence of digital literacy and digital technologies in philology. The theoretical study takes into account the methodology of context-oriented education, within which the formation of the most relevant digital skills of students of the philological profile of training (basic and professional), which are part of digital literacy, takes place. The results of the study. The areas of future professional activity of philological students are highlighted, including work with digital text, programming, communication in a digital environment, production of media content and the field of applied philology (editorial and expert). Skills in these areas form the basis of digital literacy. In search of effective ways to teach digital literacy, the authors turn to a contextual approach. The proposed model of contextual education includes targeted, theoretical and methodological, content-methodical, activity-based and effective components. The content component of this model is defined as a composition of educational activities with integrated quasi-professional and educational-professional digital literacy skills. As a result, the process of transformation of educational activity into professional activity is supposed to be tracked by the advanced level of digital literacy achieved by students. Conclusion. The results of the study will improve the learning process of philology students using information and communication technologies, and achieve a high level of development of their digital literacy. The materials can be useful in assessing the levels of formation of this type of literacy.

A systematic review protocol of injuries and illness across all the competitive cycling disciplines, including track cycling, mountain biking, road cycling, time trial, cyclocross, gravel cycling, BMX freestyle, BMX racing, e-sport, para-cycling and artistic cycling.

The sport of cycling has witnessed phenomenal growth over the past decade. Globally, over 200 million television hours across five continents watched the recent inaugural World Championships in Glasgow, in 2023. The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), the world cycling governing body, has highlighted its mission to "promote and support research in cycling epidemiology and medicine, especially for the benefit of lesser-known disciplines" within its 2030 Agenda. This paper outlines a proposed protocol to conduct a systematic review that comprehensively analyses and synthesises the existing literature about cycling-related injuries and illness across all competitive disciplines. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines will be followed through each stage of this systematic review. Cycling is an umbrella term used for many individual disciplines. Investigation of all types of injuries and/or illnesses sustained during training and/or competition among competitive athletes across all disciplines will be included in this review. A computerised, systematic literature search will be conducted in electronic databases MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Independent screening by two reviewers in a two-step process: title/abstract screening followed by full-text review. The reference lists of included articles will be searched to identify any other potentially relevant articles. Narrative synthesis and tabular/charted presentation of the extracted data will be included. This protocol paper outlines the methodology to conduct a systematic review of injuries and illness across all competitive cycling disciplines. The aims of outlining this systematic review protocol are to aid research transparency, help reduce publication bias, prevent selective publication, and prevent the selective reporting of results. Future systematic reviews based on the proposed protocol will summarise the known prevalence, incidences, locations and burden of injury and illness across the sport of cycling. This study has been registered with the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration number CRD42024502703).

Principles of Teachers’ Multicultural Competences Development in the Art Cycle Disciplines

Multicultural competencies in education refer to the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that enable teachers to effectively engage with students from diverse cultural backgrounds. In the context of art cycle disciplines, these competencies are particularly significant because art, in its various forms, is a powerful medium for expressing cultural identities, values, and traditions. Educators with strong multicultural competencies can help students appreciate and understand the rich tapestry of global cultures, fostering respect and empathy in the classroom. The article aims to determine the methodological principles of the development of multicultural competencies of teachers in the disciplines of the art cycle, how to develop multicultural competencies for students in the modern world, and prepare them for practical activities in the future. The methodology involves a systematic approach, which provides: a comprehensive literature review, defining research questions and hypotheses; outlines the general strategy of the research; an in-depth analysis of individual practices of developing the multicultural competence for teachers in the disciplines of the art cycle oriented to international/global projects such as "One Belt, One Road"; selection of successful practices for imitation and adoption (implementation); data analysis; conclusions and recommendations. Results. Art cycle disciplines explore the role of culture in personality development, emphasising the need for the constant development of students’ worldviews and the search for methods to prepare for multicultural competence development. By prioritising students’ perspectives and taking into account changes in the cultural environment, teachers can develop cultural sensitivity, a cornerstone of multicultural competencies. Conclusions. International experience and individual practices show that the following activities can be very effective: in-service workshops and professional development seminars specifically focused on multicultural education; creating learning communities where teachers and stakeholders (potential employers) can share their experiences, resources and strategies; encouraging teachers to use interdisciplinary approaches; participation in cultural immersion programs can significantly improve teachers’ understanding of different cultures; encouraging teachers to reflective practice and self-assessment; methodical support for curriculum development, which includes various cultural perspectives, etc.

PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF GEOGRAPHY TEACHERSGEOECOLOGICAL COMPETENCE IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

Today, the formation of competence of geography teachers is an actual task of higher education. To prepare a competitive personality capable of perceiving global problems, to functioning in new socio-economic, socio-cultural conditions, taking into account the modern concept of the joint existence of man and nature. Competence is the ability and knowledge in the field of interaction between geosystems and ecosystems, the influence of human activity on the surrounding nature, as well as the ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions and effectively respond to environmental threats and challenges.The article has an analysis of theoretical and methodological literature, the following concepts are specified and given to the following concepts: “competence”, “competency-based approach”. The pedagogical conditions for the effective formation of the competence of geography teachers in the educational process have been identified and substantiated, and the pedagogical technology for the formation of geography teachers’ competence in the educational process of the university (through the disciplines of the professional cycle, educational and scientific research activity) has been identified.

Problems of Staff Training to Ensure State Technology Sovereignty

Based on a comparison of the guidelines in the Strategies for Technological Development of the Country from 2016 to 2024, a contradiction has been formed in the basic attitudes towards the personnel training system. The authors aim is to present a sociological analysis of the current situation and the existing opportunities for implementing the task of ensuring the technological sovereignty of the country with qualified personnel. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is built on an appeal to classical works representing society: as a system of T. Parsons, E. Giddens, self-organizing system of N. Luhmann; works covering the issues of the influence of scientific and technological potential on the level of competitiveness; state programs and regulatory documents, as well as statistical and analytical materials. Results. Generalization of data on training programs in secondary vocational education, as well as implemented federal programs for its support allowed us to conclude that at the moment the situation is characterized by a gradual improvement, but the number of graduates is insufficient for the growing needs of production. The reasons are both poor training in natural cycle disciplines in schools and, accordingly, a shortage of teaching staff to solve this problem, and the consequences of the demographic pit of the 90s, which led to a reduction in potential students. The authors believe that the solution to the problem of providing qualified personnel is not so much in the constant increase in the number of graduates, but in the revision of both their training programs and the technologies of the production itself in order to replace the stages of operations that can be performed by unskilled specialists with technological developments based on artificial intelligence. The implementation of an integrated approach should be ensured by revising the training programs in universities and institutes, as well as attracting talented developers to the problem of improving production.

Training of future ship engineers and electricians by means of competence, communicative and interdisciplinary approaches

The article examines the peculiarities of future ship engineers and electricians education by means of competence, communicative and interdisciplinary approaches; emphasis is placed on the interdisciplinary connections of the disciplines of different cycles of training; it is underlined that the process of future seafarers education should be based on a competent, communicative and interdisciplinary approach, which will provide future specialists with efficiency in acquiring knowledge, skills and abilities. The important competencies are defined in research by the educational goals of the competency-based approach that include knowledge and understanding (theoretical knowledge of an academic discipline, the ability to know and understand); knowledge of how to act (practical or operational application of knowledge in certain situations); knowledge of how to live (values as an integral element of perception and coexistence with others in a social context). The interdisciplinary approach is an interdisciplinary movement of knowledge towards integrity, which involves a systematic study of the object and is a logical result of changes in each of the interacting knowledge systems, and is the source of the emergence of new trends towards their integration. The study notes that the use of competency-based and interdisciplinary approaches contributes to the effective planning of professional training of a specialist; the analysis of the situation with the influence of interdisciplinary and competence approaches on the sequence of presentation of educational material when studying the disciplines of different training cycles allows to say that the use of these approaches contributes both to the in-depth assimilation of knowledge and skills by cadets and enriches their horizons allowing to establish relationships and interdependencies in the process of their education. Attention is drawn to the fact that the communicative approach in studying the disciplines of the cycle of humanitarian and socio-economic education will contribute not only to communicative knowledge and skills (frequency, accuracy in formulating statements, the correct use of existing samples and the construction of one's own), but will also produce such universal skills as teamwork, creativity, flexibility, etc. It has been proven that there is a need to apply the principles of interdisciplinary and competency-based approaches in educational and professional programs, training programs, curricula for more effective mastery of the future profession by ship engineers and electricians

The Analogy Method as an Element of Research Work of Junior Students

The article explores the possibility of increasing the efficiency of research work within the framework of lectures and practical classes for junior students. We have identified a contradiction between the potential of research work in the development of students’ research competencies in the process of teaching junior students and the insufficient development of productive methods for introducing research tools in addition to skills in working with sources of information and methods of conducting experimental work. We are talking about tools that allow you to identify objects of research, put forward and formulate hypotheses, test hypotheses, etc. The solution to the problem is realized through the developed methodology of lectures and practical classes, containing elements of intellectual tools of scientific activity in a systematic connection with the subject methodology. The method of analogy has been chosen as a specific tool for scientific activity. A system for assessing the levels of mastering the skills of intellectual tools of students’ scientific activities has been developed and an experimental test of the effectiveness of the developed methodology has been carried out. These methods, implemented for a higher mathematics course for non-core specialties, as well as algebra and mathematical analysis courses for mathematical and IT specialties, can be transferred to other disciplines of the theoretical cycle. This is the practical significance of the study. Keywords: research activity, levels of research activity, analogy method, research methodology

Цифровой инновационный формат преподавания дисциплин лингвистического цикла в современном специализированном вузе

The article reconsiders the process of teaching linguistic disciplines in the digital environment in the format of contemporary higher philological education. The paper focuses on discussing technological teaching methods that can also be applied in another study field. Based on their own extensive experience in conducting and evaluating the quality of education based on various web-tools, the authors provide a detailed analysis of advanced teaching practices in online and mixed formats, offer authentic methods of instructing students, assessing these methods in terms of current innovations in the technological educational sphere. The authors managed to demonstrate the effects of introducing “digital pedagogy” into the educational process. The term “digital” describes various aspects of information storage and transmission, communication processes between a teacher and students. The methodological principles of teaching related to the development and adaptation of teaching processes to the digital world are systematized. The disciplines of the linguistic cycle are interpreted as an illustrative practical example for the implementation of the basic principles of digital pedagogy. Innovative formats have been identified that provide personalized higher education. It is traced which effective traditional methods can be complemented by technical innovations. The paper analyzes effective ways of conducting online and remote assessment of the learning process and new knowledge of students. The grounds for the rational correlation of distance and mixed education, universal motives and cultural differences in the requirements for these types of education are revealed. The advantages and problems of using social networks and other media for online learning are described. The paper explores how the design of a specific linguistic course can facilitate an online seminar. The importance of not only student-teacher communication in such conditions is emphasized, but also ways to encourage student-peer communication. The article examines the ways advanced technologies can be used to support and expand the teaching of linguistics, as well as the specifics of organizing practical study of linguistics in remote work with students.

Methodology for creating an electronic textbook on applied mathematics for economic specialties

A steady trend in recent decades has been the strengthening of the mathematical component in the training of specialists in various economic areas and profiles. This trend is growing due to the digitalization of the economy and the widespread introduction of artificial intelligence systems. This article analyzes a complex set of problems associated with the formation of mathematical competencies of graduates of economic universities when training personnel for the digital economy. The authors note that obtaining these competencies is associated both with issues of the quality of specialist training and with the career expectations of graduates. The mathematical cycle disciplines are basic in the training of economists and managers. Confident mastery of mathematical fundamentals allows a student to successfully master economic disciplines at undergraduate and graduate level, making him competitive in the labor market. Fundamental mathematical disciplines are not of a clearly applied economic nature, but at the same time many of the concepts and methods contained in them can be used in solving practical economic problems. This work is devoted to a description of the relevant sections of the basic mathematics course and a discussion of the creation of an electronic educational manual for the study of these economic applications. The study examines the implementation of the process of constructing a network version of an electronic textbook, identifies its structural components, and provides a justification for an integrated approach to its design. An algorithm for selecting and constructing the content of the manual is proposed, thesauri of the basic disciplines of the mathematical cycle are built, connections are established between them, as well as with thesauri of specialized disciplines, a semantic model of the manual is developed, presented in the form of a directed graph, which determines the topics of problems with economic content. The materials of this work can form the basis for the creation of electronic textbooks in various subject areas.

Hard and soft skills development of higher maritime educational institutions cadets while studying the discipline "Maritime English"

The article examines the problem of Hard and soft skills development of higher maritime educational institutions cadets while studying the discipline "Maritime English"; emphasis is placed on the interdisciplinary connections of the disciplines of different training cycles; it is underlined that the process of teaching maritime English future sailors should be based on a communicative approach, which will enable future specialists to realize their needs in acquiring knowledge, skills and abilities directly on board the ship, as they will work in mixed crews. The study also pointed out the group of knowledge and skills, which are necessary for obtaining confirmation of the professional readiness for a higher education applicant, and the group of knowledge and skills, which are necessary for career promotion; it is stated that the discipline "Maritime English" in educational preparation of cadets of higher maritime educational institutions acts as a kind of synthesizer of knowledge and skills, acquired by them in the process of studying the disciplines of the professional cycle (hard skills), and at the same time provides for the formation and development of such knowledge and skills as: critical thinking, creativity, ability to work in a team, cultural awareness, communicative skills, flexibility, etc. (soft skills). Attention is drawn to the fact that the heterogeneity of cadets' knowledge upon admission to a maritime university and their further distribution into subgroups vary the complexity and types of tasks in classes. It has been proven that the discipline "Maritime English" is universal for preparing future specialists for their professional activities (in the aspect of developing hard and soft skills), as it integrates knowledge and skills, acquired from professionally oriented disciplines, and allows their application for the development of soft skills

Formation of Three-Dimensional Thinking as one of the Significant Professional Qualities of an Architect

The article touches upon the problems of the professional formation of an architect, the development of his three-dimensional thinking in the process of studying the disciplines of the artistic cycle. The architect's vision must meet the strict requirements imposed by the specifics of visual activity, the laws of figurative literacy and the tasks of a particular stage of work, correlate with the ultimate ideals and purpose of creative activity. In the study of light as a means of artistic expression, an important role must be given to the psychology of the perception of light in nature and in the image. Only having a developed three-dimensional thinking a student can convincingly and accurately convey the character of a three-dimensional shape, its plasticity and movement.The recognition of three-dimensional forms, including natural objects based on three-dimensional vision of images, through an accurate assessment of light and shadow gradations, adequate transfer of color phenomena of reality to the possibilities of the visual sphere and skillful modeling of forms depicted by light and shadow, becomes an emphasis in the training of an architect. The position of color in the image of shapes in space is no less significant.Pedagogical techniques for the formation of three-dimensional thinking of students and the development of their graphic skills in drawing three-dimensional objects, including architectural ones, are based on scientific discoveries of scientists, scientists and artists since the Renaissance.The integrity of perception, attention to detail, the study of space, understanding of form, possession of means of shaping and the image of a three-dimensional object in a two-dimensional format are becoming universal criteria that allow us to talk about the high-quality training of future architects.

Assessing sleep quality in elite and junior cyclists.

In the pursuit of optimal recovery, the significance of sleep cannot be overstated for elite cyclists, including high-level cyclists within the junior category. This study aims to assess the sleep quality of elite athletes of different categories and disciplines, including junior. The sleep quality of 112 high-level cyclists (males n = 80; females n = 32) participating in endurance and sprint disciplines was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A noteworthy 41% of both elite and junior cyclists displayed poor sleep quality. No significant differences were observed between elite and junior cyclists in terms of sleep quality, but there was a medium effect size, indicating greater sleep efficiency in junior cyclists [0.36 (0.16, 0.53)]. Gender differences were found, with females exhibiting worse PSQI scores (males = 4.00 [2.25]; females 5.00 [3.00]; p = 0.035). Endurance cyclists spent more time in bed compared to cyclists from sprinting disciplines (8:30 [1.00] and 8:00 [1:03], respectively; p = 0.019). These findings reveal poor sleep habits, even among individuals classified as good sleepers by the PSQI, emphasizing the importance of preventing sleep disorders in cyclists. This study provides valuable insights into athlete sleep quality, encompassing various categories, genders, and cycling disciplines. In conclusion, elite cyclists demonstrate suboptimal sleep quality, suggesting the potential for interventions utilizing the PSQI. These findings advocate for the incorporation of sleep quality assessments into routine evaluations for athletes.

Personalized education: Features of training future teachers of the Russian language in a pedagogical university

The authors of the article explore the issue of personalized learning for students of a pedagogical university in the course of transition of modern education to a qualitatively new level. In the conditions of the departure from the Bologna system, new tasks have been set for higher education, their implementation requires a significant update of the syllabuses of all academic disciplines by attracting modern approaches, methods and teaching aids, developing methodological recommendations for authorial courses in accordance with new requirements. The novelty of the proposed study lies in the fact that we propose to include elements of personalization in teaching disciplines of the methodological cycle at a pedagogical university (based on the development of soft skills). In this regard, the article considers the personalization of learning as a vector of the modern educational process; competence-based approach to learning at a new stage; the competence model of educational programs. The presented didactic material for conducting classes in the discipline “Methods of teaching the Russian language” was developed taking into account the personalization of education and is aimed at developing students’ soft skills. The wide range of tasks that we offer will undoubtedly require additional knowledge and a large amount of independent work on the part of the students, which, in turn, will allow individualizing education for students with different levels of training and help them build their own educational trajectory.

The successes and spirit of gravel cycling: providing freedom, challenge, and connection

Gravel, a cycling discipline practiced primarily on unpaved, remote roads, has seen a surge in popularity in recent years. Accompanying this growth have been fervent debates about what gravel cycling is and how to define it. However, no research has yet been done to describe this discipline and its meanings to society and individuals. Thus, this case study aimed to understand individuals’ experiences and motivations for gravel participation. Through interviews and a reflexive thematic analysis, three themes were crafted: (1) gravel cycling encourages and provides a sense of freedom, (2) embracing the unknown: participants experience physical, mental, and emotional development through gravel cycling, and (3) gravel cycling provides connection through the convergence of self, community, and nature. We provide conclusions regarding gravel’s significance in light of current trends in adult sport participation and present practical implications for cycling event organizers, grassroots sport organizations, and the adult sport and leisure communities.

Epidemiology of injuries at the 2023 UCI cycling world championships using the International Olympic Consensus: a protocol for a prospective cohort study

The sport of cycling consists of several individual sporting disciplines. Indeed, the world governing body for cycling, Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), oversees the various cycling disciplines, with each of these...

DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TEACHING SPECIAL DISCIPLINES OF THE ECONOMIC CYCLE

In the modern world, digital technologies are actively penetrating various spheres of life, and education is no exception. In recent years, they have become an integral part of the teaching process, acting as a powerful tool for facilitating and effectively conducting classes in special disciplines of the economic cycle. The purpose of the article is to consider the role of digital technologies in teaching economic disciplines to college students.

Effects of Caffeinated Coffee on Cross-Country Cycling Performance in Recreational Cyclists.

The ergogenic effects of acute caffeine intake on endurance cycling performance lasting ~1 h have been well documented in controlled laboratory studies. However, the potential benefits of caffeine supplementation in cycling disciplines such as cross-country/mountain biking have been rarely studied. In cross-country cycling, performance is dependent on endurance capacity, which may be enhanced by caffeine, but also on the technical ability of the cyclist to overcome the obstacles of the course. So, it is possible that the potential benefits of caffeine are not translated to cross-country cycling. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of acute caffeine intake, in the form of coffee, on endurance performance during a cross-country cycling time trial. Eleven recreational cross-country cyclists (mean ± SD: age: 22 ± 3 years; nine males and two females) participated in a single-blinded, randomised, counterbalanced and crossover experiment. After familiarisation with the cross-country course, participants completed two identical experimental trials after the ingestion of: (a) 3.00 mg/kg of caffeine in the form of soluble coffee or (b) 0.04 mg/kg of caffeine in the form of decaffeinated soluble coffee as a placebo. Drinks were ingested 60 min before performing a 13.90 km cross-country time trial over a course with eight sectors of varying technical difficulty. The time to complete the trial and the mean and the maximum speed were measured through Global Positioning System (GPS) technology. Heart rate was obtained through a heart rate monitor. At the end of the time trial, participants indicated their perceived level of fatigue using the traditional Borg scale. In comparison to the placebo, caffeine intake in the form of coffee significantly reduced the time to complete the trial by 4.93 ± 4.39% (43.20 ± 7.35 vs. 41.17 ± 6.18 min; p = 0.011; effect size [ES] = 0.300). Caffeine intake reduced the time to complete four out of eight sectors with different categories of technical difficulty (p ≤ 0.010; ES = 0.386 to 0.701). Mean heart rate was higher with caffeine (169 ± 6 vs. 162 ± 13 bpm; p = 0.046; ES = 0.788) but the rating of perceived exertion at the end of the trial was similar with caffeinated coffee than with the placebo (16 ± 1 vs. 16 ± 2 a.u.; p = 0.676; ES = 0.061). In conclusion, the intake of 3 mg/kg of caffeine delivered via soluble coffee reduced the time to complete a cross-country cycling trial in recreational cyclists. These results suggest that caffeine ingested as coffee may be an ergogenic substance for cross-country cycling.

ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ СМАРТ-КОМПЛЕКСІВ У ПІДГОТОВЦІ МАЙБУТНІХ ВЧИТЕЛІВ

The article revealed the features of smart education as a leading concept for the development of professional training of prospective teachers. The main components of smart education, such as a smart student, smart pedagogy and smart environment, were characterized. The main principles of smart education and the features of using smart technologies were defined. The authors substantiated the peculiarities of the implementation of smart education in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. The functions of the smart system (site management system) and the smart complex in the process of studying the disciplines of the pedagogical cycle, their content and technological components were determined. The possibilities of smart complexes for students and teachers in the educational process of training prospective teachers were described. The criteria of smart complexes were singled out, among them: automation, sequence, assessment, real-time data collection, self-organization. The main advantages of smart complexes were determined, including: instant response to external changes, openness; expansion due to the integration of new functionality; easy access to educational material, mobility; ensuring compatibility between software for different operating systems; lack of dependence on time and place; constant updating of the content, the possibility of self-control and assessment of students’ knowledge. The authors considered the distance learning systems for creating smart complexes for studying the disciplines of the pedagogical cycle in the process of training prospective teachers. The results of the students’ survey on the use of smart complexes in the educational process were analyzed. Based on the obtained results, the advantages of smart education were determined: time saving, clarity, efficiency of use in distance learning conditions, etc., and the problems of using smart technologies in the educational process were described. The ways of further research work on the introduction of smart education into the educational process of pedagogical higher education were outlined.