Cyclic Time Research Articles

Nonlinear ultrasonic evaluation of damage to bonding interface under cyclic temperature fatigue

Adhesively bonded structures possess various industrial applications, such as safety-critical structures in the aerospace and automotive industries. With the increasing using of adhesive joints, corresponding methods of evaluating and testing the structural integrity and quality of bonded joints have been widely investigated and developed for the structural health monitoring. Studies show that the damage and degradation of material are closely related to the nonlinearity of ultrasonic waves propagating within the material. In this paper, for the evaluating of the damage to bonding interface under cyclic temperature fatigue, acoustic nonlinear parameters (ANPs) of specimens made of aluminum alloy 6061 and modified acrylate adhesive are measured experimentally by using the nonlinear ultrasonic technique; and thus the variations of the ANPs with the fatigue time under high and low cyclic temperature are obtained for the bonded specimens. The study shows that the ANP, which serves as an indicator of material properties, remains nearly unchanged in the initial stage of high temperature cyclic fatigue test, and the ANP obviously increases with temperature cyclic time increasing. For low temperature cyclic fatigue test, the ANP increases rapidly with the increase of temperature cyclic time in the initial stage, and its value growth slows down in the later stage. Further discussion shows that the increase of third order elastic constant is the main reason for the change of ANP for high temperature cyclic fatigue, and that the change of the tensile stiffness of the bonding interface is the main source for the change of the ANP for low temperature cyclic fatigue. It is shown that the ANP based on the theoretical model increases consistently with the experimentally measured values. The present research is expected to provide a promising way of characterizing and monitoring the damage to bonding interface under cyclic temperature fatigue.

Meaningful Sense Perceptions: Existential and Transcendental Phenomenology in Jawdat Haydar’s Poems

In their transcendental and existential dimensions, Jawdat Haydar’s poems manifest philosophical notions akin to those of Edmund Husserl’s theory of consciousness. As a centenarian poet who has embraced diverse cultures, he reveals an unwavering desire to bridge the cultural and human divide between East and West in a style reminiscent of Husserl’s notion of intersubjectivity. In poems that abound with beautiful, rhythmical and transcendental sense perceptions occurring within constant cyclical time, Haydar blends Self and Other rendering an otherwise bleak state of existence an aesthetic and transcendental dimension. His hybrid identity and what Husserl refers to as intersubjectivity, are the basic profound drives behind his poetic blending of the beautiful and the sublime easing his transition toward a reconciliation with his once dislocated and displaced state. This paper attempts to reveal phenomenological features in some of Haydar’s major poems and establish how his meaningful sense perceptions project experiences of sublimity and transcendence in such a harmonious blending of image and reason, that man’s existence acquires an enduring sense of beauty instead of the overwhelmingly depressive and futile post-war states..

Metamorphosis in Odessa. Mythologization of the heroes in the novel "The Five" by Vladimir Jabotinsky

At the beginning of the 20th century, Odessa enjoyed the reputation of being the southern trade metropolis of the Russian Empire and one of the most important cultural centers of Eastern European Jewry. Odessa became an area of violence after a wave of strikes, revolutionary uprisings and the most brutal anti-Jewish pogrom in 1905. The novel "The Five" (1936) by V. Jabotinsky represents not only historical events in Odessa of this time, but also reflects the mood of the city and its cultural transformations, mythologizing the destinies of the heroes via the example of one assimilated Jewish family. The focus of this paper is to analyze the mythologization of the main characters and the function that myths from Ovid's "Metamorphoses" performed in Jabotinsky's novel. The novel is a kind of ancient myth that unites some myths and mythical characters. The text also contains examples of the linear development of cyclic time, which leads to the appearance of double figures. The combination of the linear development of time with the use of literary techniques gives the novel the mythopoetic features of literary modernism. The use of myths plays an important role in understanding the text, its intertextual connections and the cultural context of the development of Jewish identity in Odessa in the early 20th century. The process of mythologization helps not only to structure events in the novel, but also is an artistic method of avoiding the cruel reality for an assimilated family in Odessa. The theoretical basis of this analysis is the work of Yuri Lotman on the semiosphere, that reveals the mythologization of the novel and its characters with the help of semantic spaces.

УСВІДОМЛЕННЯ ЧАСУ ОСОБИСТІСТЮ НА ЇЇ ШЛЯХУ ДО ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОГО ЗДОРОВ'Я

Theanalysisofconceptsofconsciousness,self-consciousness andit’sstructure,thebordersofprocessofrealization,therealizationoftimeandperception of time are given in the article. The determination of maintenance of concept of notion realization of time, it’s place in the process of self-consciousness , the features of perception of time by personality became the aim of the research. Time is a separate problem that requires independent analysis, reflection, and study. The most important question is the nature of time. Domestic psychologists are more often guided by a linear model of time, its asymmetry, which is related to the passage of time from the past through the present into the future. The characteristics of time include absolute time and relative time, linear and cyclic time models, the direction of time and its reversibility, symmetry, and asymmetry. The degree of their development is uneven. Such a characteristic of time as an inevitability is considered. As it is possible to return to a specific space, it is impossible to return at a particular time. Establishing an objective order or irreversible sequence of events over time implies the disclosure of a causal relationship between them. This is the basis for a person's awareness of the series of events. In order to reveal the causal dependence of events, it is necessary to establish an objective order or an unambiguous, irreversible sequence of events in time. The understanding causal relationship, we indirectly resolve the issue of the aim sequence of events. It is noted that the perception of time, unlike the perception of space, has a fixed starting point from which the reference is made. The starting point is the present, which divides time into the past and the future. Thus, in the perception of time, a man distinguished two aspects: subjective and objective-conditional. The individual element is related to the personal assessment of events, filled with given events and emotions. The objective-conditional item is associated with the objective course of events and their sequence. The subjective aspect creates a reflection of a personal sense of time, while the objective-conditional helps the person to navigate in time.

DECONSTRUCTION OF THE SACRAL CHRONOTOPE IN POSTMODERN POETRY (BASED ON S. ZHADAN’S POETRY)

The research considers the main aspects of the formation of a chronotop in the postmodern text. The article analyzes the ways of ironic desacralization of time and space in S. Zhadan’s poetry. The sacred time by cyclicality, which is its main organizing feature, a guarantee of harmonious existence in the world. Images of cyclic time allow postmodern author to reproduce the usual for mythological consciousness perception of time on another aesthetic-mental level, providing otherwise the filling of the traditional. The cyclicity of any time space, in particular, everyday, historical, cyclicity and, accordingly, sensuality and absurdity of any phenomenon, individual or collective residence, a sense of uniqueness, is stated. In fact, the cosmic meaning of the sacred time space is individualized, coming from the macrocosm into the microcosm, becoming the property of each individual in its everyday existence, often remote from holiness or even the opposite of it. The author emphasizes that the postmodern deconstruction of the chronotope does not necessarily imply his absolute unveiling and the removal of the opposition of the sacral and profane, since it is possible to superimpose chronotopes in the subject’s reflection. Need to clarify the thesis that postmodern space (wider time space) is a space in which the opposition «sacred-profane» disappears, because in the discourse of Ukrainian postmodern poetry the desacralization of time space has a more complex form and a non-one-dimensional realization.

ДЕКОНСТРУКЦІЯ САКРАЛЬНОГО ХРОНОТОПУ В ПОСТМОДЕРНІЙ ПОЕЗІЇ (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ ПОЕЗІЙ С. ЖАДАНА)

The research considers the main aspects of the formation of a chronotop in the postmodern text. The article analyzes the ways of ironic desacralization of time and space in S. Zhadan’s poetry. The sacred time by cyclicality, which is its main organizing feature, a guarantee of harmonious existence in the world. Images of cyclic time allow postmodern author to reproduce the usual for mythological consciousness perception of time on another aesthetic-mental level, providing otherwise the filling of the traditional. The cyclicity of any time space, in particular, everyday, historical, cyclicity and, accordingly, sensuality and absurdity of any phenomenon, individual or collective residence, a sense of uniqueness, is stated. In fact, the cosmic meaning of the sacred time space is individualized, coming from the macrocosm into the microcosm, becoming the property of each individual in its everyday existence, often remote from holiness or even the opposite of it. The author emphasizes that the postmodern deconstruction of the chronotope does not necessarily imply his absolute unveiling and the removal of the opposition of the sacral and profane, since it is possible to superimpose chronotopes in the subject’s reflection. Need to clarify the thesis that postmodern space (wider time space) is a space in which the opposition «sacred-profane» disappears, because in the discourse of Ukrainian postmodern poetry the desacralization of time space has a more complex form and a non-one-dimensional realization.

The plurality of temporal reckoning among the Maya

This paper presents an overview of time reckoning in several domains of Maya language and culture, as observed in the Sierra region of Yucatan in the last decades of the twentieth century. It demonstrates that multiple systems of temporal reckoning and orientation co-operate in the traditional domains of daily practice, and it attempts to formulate principles by which different systems are combined in actional frameworks It is argued that most cyclicity in contemporary Yucatec Maya is derivative of natural or social processes and that in rituals it results from the translation of spatial arrays into temporal sequences. The paper tracks the varieties of cyclic and spiral time measurement in several domains, where different units and levels of temporal measurement and different rhythms are observed: 1) the field of co-presence in which utterances are performed, including deictic time; 2) the diurnal cycle and its actional correlates; 3) the agricultural cycles, the forest life cycle and the labor they imply; 4) domestic space whose time involves in addition the age and generational relations among co-residents; 5) ritual time in Yucatec shamanic practice, which is given special attention. Ritual practices display the most dramatic cyclicity, compounded by sedimentation, deictic time, historical time and cosmological space. Their chronometric dimensions are so elaborate that rituals can be considered a time machine. Viewed from practice, there is no single modality of Maya time, but a diachronic synchronization of multiple temporal streams which produces time as the variable product of tzol reproduction and meyah ‘work.’

Improved antistatic properties and mechanism of silicone rubber/low-melting-point-alloy composites induced by high-temperature cyclic stretching

Methyl vinyl silicone rubber (MVQ)/low-melting-point alloy (SnBi) composites were prepared by mechanical blending. The effect of SnBi content on the surface resistivity, volume resistivity, mechanical properties, and transparency of MVQ were investigated. The results showed that the surface resistivity, volume resistivity, tensile strength, and elongation at break of MVQ/SnBi composites were 1.6 × 1010 Ω, 2.2 × 1011 Ω cm, 8.2 MPa, and 612%, respectively by incorporation of 3 phr SnBi, showing better antistatic properties and mechanical properties. The effect of cyclic stretching temperature, strain, and number of cycles on the aspect ratio (length to diameter), electrical performance, and mechanical properties of MVQ/SnBi composites were also studied. The average aspect ratio of the alloy particles increased with increasing tensile temperature, strain, and cyclic times, resulting in a reduction in electrical resistivity. In addition, the antistatic mechanism of MVQ/SnBi composites was revealed.

The manipulations of time: On the temporal embeddedness of urban insecurity

Turning the table on Henri Lefebvre’s argument that the structure of everyday life is closely associated with the non-accumulative routing of cyclical or immanent time whereas it lags behind the forward-moving linear or transcendent time, I argue that cyclical and linear time are in fact intertwined in lived reality and popular imagination. This suggests that the ebb and flow of time cannot be grasped in rigidly binary terms such as the opposition of cyclical and linear time. Interrogating popular arts like the entextualised slogans painted on the mobile bodies of commercial minibus-taxis ( danfos) and tricycles ( keke napeps) in Nigeria’s – and in fact, sub-Saharan Africa’s – most populous city, I argue that the interaction of these seemingly conflicting representations of time affects and ultimately shapes the grounds of our meaning(lessness), (in)security and being-in-the-city. At these interfaces and interstices of conflicting notions of time, and in the interchange between familiar and unfamiliar termini, a powerful sense of unknown (or future) time can emerge, which in turn reinforces the need for a more experimental re-positioning and re-orientation in everyday urban life.

Entre « concessions en profondeur » et « dédommagement ». Krokowski, personnage complexe et stratégique dans La Montagne magique

In a short article published in 1925 Thomas Mann addresses his “unsimple” relation to psychoanalysis, suggesting that in his latest published novel, The Magic Mountain, the character of Dr. Krokowski could be read as “indemnification” [“Schadloshaltung”] for “deeper concessions” [“tiefere Zugeständnisse”] which the author made to psychoanalysis “inside his work.” He thus invites us to analyse this character not only as such (i.e. in the straightforward process of characterisation), but in terms of a strategy within the “artistic economy” of the novel. Krokowski’s repeated mythical identification as the infernal judge Minos makes him simultaneously a master of the labyrinthine space structure of the Berghof sanatorium, of its cyclic time, and of the theories that reign there. He notably plays a key role in contrasting successions of scenes in which refusal or denial of psychoanalysis alternates with Freudian dream sequences which present themselves as narrative confirmations of the actual validity of psychoanalytical theories. In this game of giving voice to both validation of and attacks upon psychoanalysis (“deeper concessions” and “indemnification”) – culminating in the diptych of sections Hippe and Analyse – Krokowski is a central piece and personifies both the possibility and the limit of a psychoanalytical reading of the novel, thus opening a space of playful relationship to the text.

Framing Indeterminacy: Dialectical Analysis and Futures Studies

The dialectic is a very ancient device long used to comprehend historical process. Its versatility as a tool for informing on numerous issues of interest to those involved in futures studies is self-evident yet under-appreciated, not as a predicting device but as a framing one, much as with how catalysts work in chemistry. This piece first briefly describes the basics of the dialectical process and its application as an outcome framing method. Its connections with other forecasting methods especially with emerging issues analysis is discussed. The properties of dialectical processes are dynamic and do not necessarily conform to human-scale either temporally or spatially. Dialectical process related to social change and worldview are not subordinate to cyclic time except when artificially imposed as with political elections. The dialectical process being consistent with quantum mechanics especially as applied to technological impacts and legal enactment process will be discussed. In the latter instance, the dark matter and dark energy conundrum bear the hallmarks of a dialectical process thus far leading to an indeterminable resolution. While several examples of persistent issue contradictions to which dialectical analysis can be usefully applied are available, American health care policy is highlighted here.

Semantics of Information

Due to the self-referencing aspect, consciousness is placed in a unique non-computable position among natural phenomena. Non-computable consciousness was previously analyzed on the basis of self-referential cyclical time. This paper extends the cyclical model of vacuum observation and posits that choice, or the experience of reality, may be expressed as the initial part of the self-referencing loop, while the conscious awareness of the experience is the other part of the loop. In particular, the inseparability of the two sides of the loop is established through the cyclical time process, which bears a resemblance to Heidegger's analysis of existence. The cyclical looping model is also discussed in terms of Wittgenstein's analysis of language as attaching semantic meaning, or continuous or infinite conscious awareness, to physical reality. We also discuss the proposed model of subjectivity and cyclical time - as opposed to objectivity and linear time - which may be considered similar to Hebrew thought.

Tempo-rarily fat: A queer exploration of fat time

ABSTRACTThe authors consider how heteronormative temporal arrangements regulate fat bodies. Fat bodies, like normative bodies, are made meaningful in relation to normative notions of time. Fat bodies, however, fail to “keep up” with normative tempos. Accordingly, the authors explore how fat bodies are always already positioned outside of these (hetero)normative timelines by analyzing three temporal markers of “straight” life, or normative rites of passage, that mark “progress” in a heteronormative timeline: marriage, reproduction/childrearing, and death. First, the authors argue that subjects are only successful within heteronormative sequential temporal schemes of living if they are normatively sized and shaped, evidenced by discourses encouraging weight loss as a solution to finding a spouse, successfully reproducing and rearing children, and ensuring a long life and garnering wealth to pass onto future generations. Second, they contend that cyclical time governs the ways in which (fat) women’s bodies are managed, specifically regarding the gaining and losing of weight in accordance with normative markers of time. Overall, the authors explore how fat subjects are limited or constricted by chrononormativity. However, rather than positioning these limitations as wholly oppressive of fat subjects, the authors conclude that queer/ed fat temporalities offer opportunities for reimagining different ways of life and time.

A Deep Machine Learning Method for Classifying Cyclic Time Series of Biological Signals Using Time-Growing Neural Network.

This paper presents a novel method for learning the cyclic contents of stochastic time series: the deep time-growing neural network (DTGNN). The DTGNN combines supervised and unsupervised methods in different levels of learning for an enhanced performance. It is employed by a multiscale learning structure to classify cyclic time series (CTS), in which the dynamic contents of the time series are preserved in an efficient manner. This paper suggests a systematic procedure for finding the design parameter of the classification method for a one-versus-multiple class application. A novel validation method is also suggested for evaluating the structural risk, both in a quantitative and a qualitative manner. The effect of the DTGNN on the performance of the classifier is statistically validated through the repeated random subsampling using different sets of CTS, from different medical applications. The validation involves four medical databases, comprised of 108 recordings of the electroencephalogram signal, 90 recordings of the electromyogram signal, 130 recordings of the heart sound signal, and 50 recordings of the respiratory sound signal. Results of the statistical validations show that the DTGNN significantly improves the performance of the classification and also exhibits an optimal structural risk.

Phenomenon of low-alloy steel parametrization transformation at cyclic loading in low-cyclic area

Following the results of measurements of hardness, magnetizing force and the rate of ultrasonic longitudinal waves of 09G2S steel samples at various cyclic operating time values, there is a phenomenon of transformation from the normal law of speed distribution of these parameters in power-mode distribution. It shows the submission of the behavior of metal as a complex system to the theory of the self-organized criticality.

Aggregate fatigue failure on macro texture polishing of asphalt pavement

The macro-texture of asphalt pavement greatly affects the traffic safety of driving. In this study, the 3D laser scanning data, which is captured from the pavements, is used for reverse modeling. FE software ANSYS is used to analyze the contact stress distribution of pavement macro-texture and tire. The results show that the macro texture will be affected by fatigue failure considering the size effect of coarse aggregate. The fatigue life distribution of pavements is analyzed using the fatigue analysis software FE-SAFE which is based on linear cumulative damage theory. The developing tendency of texture depth with respect to the number of loading times is obtained by analyzing the results of fatigue life. Compared with the results of accelerated loading test shows that the factor of fatigue failure has remarkably affected the macro texture under low loading times. This effect is gradually decreased with the increasing of cyclic loading times.

Physical-Mechanism Exploration of the Low-Cycle Unified Creep-Fatigue Formulation

Background—Creep-fatigue behavior is identified as the incorporated effects of fatigue and creep. One class of constitutive-based models attempts to evaluate creep and fatigue separately, but the interaction of fatigue and creep is neglected. Other models treat the damage as a single component, but the complex numerical structures that result are inconvenient for engineering application. The models derived through a curve-fitting method avoid these problems. However, the method of curving fitting cannot translate the numerical formulation to underlying physical mechanisms. Need—Therefore, there is a need to develop a new creep-fatigue formulation for metal that accommodates all relevant variables and where the relationships between them are consistent with physical mechanisms of fatigue and creep. Method—In the present work, the main dependencies and relationships for the unified creep-fatigue equation were presented through exploring what the literature says about the mechanisms. Outcomes—This shows that temperature, cyclic time and grain size have significant influences on creep-fatigue behavior, and the relationships between them (such as linear relation, logarithmical relation and power-law relation) are consistent with phenomena of diffusion creep and crack growth. Significantly, the numerical form of “1 − x” is presented to show the consumption of creep effect on fatigue capacity, and the introduction of the reference condition gives the threshold of creep effect. Originality—By this means, the unified creep-fatigue equation is linked to physical phenomena, where the influence of different dependencies on creep fatigue was explored and relationships shown in this equation were investigated in a microstructural level. Particularly, a physical explanation of the grain-size exponent via consideration of crack-growth planes was proposed.

Structural relaxation of lead and barium-free crystal glasses

The structural relaxation of Na2O–K2O–CaO–ZrO2–SiO2 (NKCZ), Na2O–K2O–ZnO–ZrO2–SiO2 (NKzZ), Na2O–CaO–ZnO–ZrO2–SiO2 (NCzZ), K2O–CaO–ZnO–ZrO2–SiO2 (KCzZ), and Na2O–K2O–CaO–ZnO–ZrO2–SiO2 (NKCzZ) glasses were studied by thermomechanical analysis. The structural relaxation was described by the Tool–Narayanaswamy–Mazurin model (TNMa). The relaxation function of Kohlrausch, Williams, and Watts (KWW) was used. The parameters of relaxation model were calculated by nonlinear regression analysis of thermodilatometric curves measured under cyclic time–temperature regime by thermomechanical analyzer under the constant load. The values of the exponent b of the KWW equation, modulus K, limit dynamic viscosity η 0 of the Mazurin’s expression for relaxation time, and constant B of the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann viscosity equation were optimized. It was found that TNMa relaxation model very well describes the experimental data. A more detailed analysis of the obtained results showed that the equimolar substitution of SiO2 by ZrO2 (i.e., the increase of the ZrO2 content in the glass) decreases the parameter b, therefore the continuous distribution of the relaxation times spectrum is widening. A wider spectrum of relaxation times was obtained even in the case of substitution of ZnO for CaO and K2O for Na2O. Substitution of ZrO2 for SiO2 decreases the dynamic viscosity limit η 0 that corresponds to an activation energy increase of temperature dependence of isostructural viscosity. Increased content of ZrO2 in the glass caused the increase of the value of the modulus K.

Experimental investigation of moist air condensation on hydrophilic, hydrophobic, superhydrophilic, and hybrid hydrophobic-hydrophilic surfaces

This study experimentally investigates the condensation performance amid hydrophobic, hydrophilic, superhydrophilic and hydrophobic-hydrophilic hybrid patterned surfaces with air velocity ranging from 0.5m/s to 4.0m/s and relative humidity of 85%, 60% and 40%. The hybrid novel surface employs inverted V shape channels design with alternate hydrophilic and hydrophobic channel to direct condensate, and the accumulated condensate is gathered at vertical hydrophilic channel for further effective condensate removal. It is found that the heat transfer coefficient for hydrophobic surface is higher than that of hydrophilic surface irrespective of the operational velocity and relative humidity. Dropwise condensation prevails for the hydrophobic surface and a twig-like structure of condensate is seen for the hydrophilic surface, and this phenomenon becomes more pronounced when the relative humidity is increased. The superhydrophilic surface shows the worst heat transfer performance due to filmwise condensation. The hybrid surface shows superior heat transfer performance over other surfaces. The heat transfer coefficient obtained is around 3–9% higher than that of hydrophobic surface and is about 6–16% higher than hydrophilic one. The proposed novel design offers a shorter cyclic condensate removal time and better condensate drainage. It is found that the maximum diameter for the hybrid surface is about 80–90% smaller than the hydrophobic surface and the droplet size before falling off is relatively independent of operational velocity.

Numerical Simulation for Optimizing Injection – Production Parameters When Using Cyclic Steam Injection Plus Polymer Gel Flooding in An Offshore Heavy-Oil Field

We have conducted numerical simulation studies with the goal of improving recovery efficiency. Utilizing results obtained in pilot testing on the target reservoir, which was done previously using polymer gel flooding and cyclic steam injection, in this paper we give the results of a study on optimization of the injection – production parameters. “Injection – production” refers to a combination operation involving polymer gel flooding and steam injection (for simplicity, we call this a “heating plus maintaining pressure” process). The study result shows that this process is affected by many factors, including the steam temperature, the injection rate, the soak time in the formation, the injected steam volume, and the cyclic soak time; the polymer concentration, the polymer gel slug size, the polymer flooding time interval; and the well production factor. Considering the development results, we obtained the order of importance for these factors: cyclic steam injection time > production factor > cyclic steam injection volume > soak time > steam temperature > polymer injection concentration > polymer gel slug size > polymer gel flooding time interval > steam injection rate.