Planning Cycle Research Articles

Optimizing Water Sustainability: Revealing Cost Recovery Strategies in the Canary Islands (Spain). Stochastic Frontier Model

Article 9 of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) introduces cost recovery as an instrument aligned with the 'polluter pays' principle, aiming to contribute to the overall well-being of water bodies. In this regard, this research focuses on application of the cost recovery method in the context of the Canary Islands (Spain). The study provides a comprehensive description and analysis of the methodology established for the second cycle of planning (2015–2021) in the Canary Islands, offering a comparative assessment of results for each island. We employ a Stochastic Frontier Model, which allows us to assess the efficiency of different water production techniques. The results should be of great interest to public decision makers in the field of water management to minimize cost, allocate resources efficiently or review water tariffs. The findings underscore substantial variations in cost recovery across islands, emphasizing the need for enhanced water infrastructure methods and data acquisition. Future research needs to extend the years on cost recovery to incorporate economies of scale and type of ownership.

Implementation of the Revitalized Tertiary Physical Education Program in a Higher Education Institution in Pampanga Grounded on the Statutory Policy of the Commission on Higher Education and UNESCO’s Quality Physical Education Model

The study aimed to evaluate the implementation of the revitalized tertiary physical education program known as the Physical Activity towards Health and Fitness (PATHFit) of a state university in Pampanga, Philippines relative to the statutory standard of the Commission on Higher Education and UNESCO’s Quality Physical Education (QPE) Model. A Mixed Methods Sequential Explanatory Design was utilized involving faculty members (n = 24) and a stratified sample of second-year college students (n = 114). Instrumentations were drafted based on the provisions of two standards considered in the study. The quantitative phase revealed that both the internal stakeholders evaluated the standards of the CMO 39, s. 2021 and the QPE standards and found them to be extremely evident and extremely effective. Additionally, t-tests revealed that there was a significant difference in the evaluation of the respondents. Regression analysis further identified that all five dimensions of the QPE which are assessed in concreteness are significant predictors of program effectiveness. The qualitative phase explored the two dimensions as actualized by the university in terms of notable practices and challenges encountered. It was suggested that the university may institutionalize mechanisms to foster quality physical education standards as embedded in the curriculum development cycle's planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation protocols.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE REGIONAL LONG-TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF PURWOREJO REGENCY: THE EVALUATION OF STRATEGIC PLANNING

The implementation of strategic planning in the public sector is the art of managing government affairs involving the utilization of state power. A set of regional planning in Indonesia is characterized by continuity and interconnectedness within a planning system consisting of the Regional Long-Term Development Plan (RPJPD), the Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD), and the Regional Government Work Plan (RKPD). RPJPD, as part of the national development planning system in Indonesia, is a planning document that guides regional governance for 20 years and delineated into four periods of the RPJMD, each with a validity period of five years. In the planning cycle, the evaluation process is essential to do. The study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the long-term development performance in the public sector in the framework of strategic planning evaluation in Purworejo Regency. The methods employed in the evaluation were cross-sectional and longitudinal qualitative comparative, which involved comparing and correlating the performance achievement of the four periods of the RPJMD conducted at the end of each planning year in the final period. The dominant aspect that supports the achievement of development performance targets is the aspect of government. The inhibiting aspects that hinder the achievement of performance targets in the RPJPD of Purworejo Regency for 2005-2025 are the aspects of economics, infrastructure, socio-culture, and time.

Changes in the structure of household expenditure in urban and rural China

ABSTRACT In the last two decades, China has witnessed a remarkable change in household expenditure structure following the rapid growth of household income. Using provincial-level panel data from 2001 to 2019 and the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System model, we derive the expenditure elasticities, as well as uncompensated and compensated price elasticities, for urban and rural households. Our results suggest that food and clothing are ‘necessity’ goods, whereas residence, education, and transportation are ‘luxury’ goods for both urban and rural households. Household facilities and medical services are necessities for urban households, while they are luxuries for rural households. All own-price elasticity estimates are negative, indicating that no Giffen goods exist. We also observe temporal changes in the household expenditure structure over China’s Five-Year Plan cycles. Finally, we find significant differences in the own-price elasticity across the eastern, central, and western regions with varying levels of economic development.

NATO defense planning under new military and political conditions

An analysis of the military and political preconditions for the current transformation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is presented. The deterioration of relations between Russia and NATO member states, which accelerated with the outbreak of hostilities in Ukraine accompanied by massive supplies of Western weapons systems to Kiev, launched the reconfiguring of the entire system of military and political decision-making and defense planning process in NATO. The alliance is returning to its original mission – countering the “Russian threat” (formerly Soviet), despite the fact that NATO is not declaratively a party to the armed conflict in Ukraine. NATO’s reaction and actions in connection with the Ukrainian crisis and the start of the Special Military Operation (SMO), including the plans of the alliance’s leadership for the future, are analyzed. The simplification of a number of procedures and requirements in the defense planning system of the organization in the short and medium term are noted. The full cycle of NATO defense planning is examined in detail and schematically presented, and a forecast of its further evolution is given.

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran PBL dalam Mata Pelajaran Informatika Kelas X 5 untuk Meningkatkan Kreativitas Siswa di SMA Negeri 8 Maros

In an era of cultural acceleration and rapid advancements in science and technology, this research evaluates the application of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in Informatics at SMA Negeri 8 Maros, focusing on enhancing student creativity. Employing a quantitative method within the Classroom Action Research framework, this study involves cycles of planning, action, observation, and reflection. Data collected through creativity tests, surveys, and class observations reveal that PBL significantly boosts student creativity. These findings are crucial, considering the critical role of education in preparing future generations for digital era challenges. This study highlights how education, especially in Informatics covering programming, artificial intelligence, and computer networking, can adapt to changing times. By integrating technology and innovative approaches into the learning process, students can enhance creativity and other essential skills needed in the digital age. This research offers valuable insights for educators and policymakers in preparing students for a bright, sustainable future.

The Psychological Construction of Early Childhood Art Education

The psychological construction of early childhood art education refers to the process of promoting children's mental health, emotional development, and personality shaping through art education activities. Art Education provides a platform for early childhood to express themselves, achieve self-realization, unleash their wisdom, develop own aesthetic standards, learn cooperate and communication skills, achieve psychological balance and establish understanding and respect. This study highlights the strategic shift in the approach to art education in China, with a focus on interdisciplinary education and the integration of art into extracurricular activities. With the issue on knowledge is often imparted in a one-way manner and children is encouraged to passively imitate, does not align with the developmental needs of young children or the goals of comprehensive education, this paper researches the dynamic process that involves teachers, students, and sometimes parents and community members in a cycle of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting to improve educational practices, and outlines the Mission and Vision on Development goals and the level of emphasis placed on families and kindergartens, Professional advantages of promoting mental hygiene through art education and Matching of key points, principles, and strategies.

Routing of multi-modal autonomous vehicles for system optimal flows and average travel cost equilibrium over time

In the emerging era of autonomous vehicles (AVs), an important question is how to integrate AVs in a multi-modal framework. Recent studies on Transportation Management Centres (TMCs) for future AVs addressed the issue of providing system optimal (SO) solution. However, none of them considered the possibility of developing a multi-modal SO-based solution. In this regard, we propose a novel multi-modal Transportation Management Centre (MMTMC) for future AVs, which controls both the routing and mode use of each traveller and distributes the AVs in such a way that SO flows are maintained for the whole network every day, while travellers on the same origin-destination (OD) have the same Multi-modal Average Travel Time (MMAVT) over a cycle or period of time (in days). That is, travellers on the same OD may encounter different travel times or costs on different days, but over the planning cycle of many days, their travel times will all average to be the same MMAVT, hence preserving the MMAVT equilibrium. Travellers will travel on single occupancy vehicles (SOVs) or high occupancy vehicles (HOVs) on different routes for different days within the planning cycle, while maintaining the same MMAVT overall for the cycle. Travellers on SOVs will experience no crowdedness while on HOVs will experience crowdedness. We model both the cases of minimum system time and minimum system cost (including crowdedness cost), and provide link-based solution first for both cases. For minimum system time, we apply the conventional Frank Wolfe algorithm to generate feasible link flows, whereas for the minimum system cost problem, we incorporate a sensitivity-based equilibrium procedure to derive the SOV, HOV link flows and demand profiles. Afterwards, we utilize the most likely path method to compute unique SOV and HOV path flows and solve the MMAVT equilibrium. Then, we investigate the case of mixed-equilibrium (ME), where some travellers are given the option not to subscribe to the MMTMC and do their own private routing, i.e. user equilibrium (UE) travellers, who are penalized by a toll. The tolls imposed on these MMTMC non-subscribers are defined by the travel time/cost difference between the MMAVT of subscribers and UE users based on their value-of-time (VOT) distribution. This study investigates the properties of this MMTMC routing pattern, the relationship between MMAVT, tolling, and SOV and HOV market penetration, which offers insights to integrate AVs in a multi-modal framework.

The Paradigm Shift of Agricultural Extension from Technology Transfer Towards Participatory Approaches

Purpose: Different technology transfer mechanisms are used to disseminate innovative agricultural technologies. The extension approaches based on the top-down transfer of technology were dominated in the past. That paradigm could not achieve reasonable benefits to many users but the resource-rich clientele reaped the benefits. Therefore, new concepts and approaches were warranted. The paper describes the outcomes of the paradigm shift of agricultural extension from technology transfer to participatory technologies..Research Method: The paper contains the information collected from published literature on technology transfer efforts, global experience in Participatory Rural Appraisal applications, and the research findings from participatory rural appraisal sessions conducted in Sri Lanka.Findings: The critical issue of technology transfer models was insufficient attention granted to incorporate.the participation of grassroots-level clientele. Hence, real community needs were omitted. The concept of Participatory Rural Appraisal evolved as an alternative scenario and was implemented with promising results. The Participatory Rural Appraisal is a bottom-up approach, that incorporates local knowledge and community participation, uses simple technology, requires low cost, and could be applied in rural areas without complex apparatus. Participants have a great opportunity to express their actual needs. Hence, a valid plan can be designed and the community will participate in the following stages of the planning cycle. This study reviews the Participatory Rural Appraisal experience worldwide and the paradigm shift taken place in technology transfer from a top-down approach to participatory methods.

КОМПЛЕКСНИЙ МЕХАНІЗМ СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ ТУРИСТИЧНОЇ ПРИВАБЛИВОСТІ ВІННИЦЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ

The article examines the mechanism of forming a strategy for stimulating tourist attraction by forming its purpose, goals and objectives, as well as the results of its implementation. An example of one of these strategies is the program of smart tourism specialization of the Vinnytsia region as an example of a complex mechanism for stimulating the tourist attractiveness of this region. It is noted that this mechanism is a model that should be based on a SWOT analysis of the tourism industry of the Vinnytsia region, the specifics of the tourism industry in the region, the specification of expected results taking into account promising strategic decisions, as well as the formation of a specific strategy for the smart specialization of tourism in the region. The work also developed a methodical model for the formation of a smart tourism specialization program in the Vinnytsia region. The expected results from the implementation of this mechanism and the indicators of these results are defined. Also, during the formation of a complex mechanism for stimulating the tourist attractiveness of the Vinnytsia region, attention was paid to the logical division of the region's territories, namely, an analysis of the regions of the region was carried out and their tourist specialization was determined, which made it possible to make a more thorough analysis of the territories and tourist destinations, which in turn will make it possible to more accurately form strategic tourism goals to attract potential investors. The result of such a proposal is a map of the specialization of districts of Vinnytsia region by types of tourism based on available tourist resources. The importance and effectiveness of using the specified mechanism for stimulating the tourist attractiveness of the Vinnytsia region is confirmed by the determination of regional development priorities on the basis of smart specialization, which is mentioned in the new cycle of strategic planning in the field of regional development until 2027. It is noted that the implementation of the mechanism of increasing the tourist attractiveness of the Vinnytsia region through the implementation of smart specialization requires the comprehensiveness of all sectors of the economy and representatives of the state and business.

Multi-dimensional and multi-level assessment of circular economy strategies in manufacturing systems

A manufacturing system can simultaneously exploit more strategies from the Circular Economy paradigm, such as reduction, reuse, repair, refurbishment, and remanufacturing. These strategies involve finished products, raw materials, and components, and each adopted strategy can unpredictably impact the system performance along one or more dimensions (technical, economic, and environmental) at both the planning and the life cycle levels. This paper deepens the simultaneous measurement of the multi-dimensional and multi-level (strategic and tactical planning and life cycle design) performance of the manufacturing system in the presence of circular economy strategies. The Multi-layer Enterprise Input-Output (MEIO) formalisation method is extended to integrate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC) approaches to perform scenario analyses. The proposed approach is applied to a numerical example to show the impacts of adopting new processes for circular economy strategies in a brownfield context. The considered scenarios combine different circular economic strategies applied to different levels of the Bill of Materials of a multi-product environment. The proposed approach can help practitioners and production managers evaluate adopting circular economy strategies. Moreover, the approach can support the development of methods for simultaneous multi-dimensional performance assessment of manufacturing systems at the operational level.

Analisis Pembelajaran IPA Menggunakan Pendekatan Lesson Study Learning Melalui Model Transcript Based Learning Analysis (TBLA) Di MTs ABU AMR Tambakrejo Pasuruan

Lesson study builds a learning community among teachers, learners, academics and education observers. Transcript Based Learning Analysis (TBLA) model is one of the models used to analyze learning transcripts in more depth. This research aims to describe the lesson study learning pattern in science learning through TBLA analysis. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research method to describe the phenomena that take place as it is. The research was conducted in class VIII A MTs ABU AMR Tambakrejo, human respiratory system material, with a cycle of plan, do, see. This research instrument is a video and audio recorder and a researcher's field note sheet. Data collection is done through 3 ways, namely documentation, observation and discussion. The data collected in this research is in the form of transcripts of Lesson study Learning Community learning.The data analysis technique uses TBLA analysis model. The results of the study describe the conversations that occur between teachers and students, linear patterned learning, the category leads to Student Center Learning. The conclusion of this research is that science learning of human digestive system material has a linear pattern that describes learning getting stronger to achieve learning goals and SCL categories that are student-centered. This research suggestion can be used as a reference for reflection in developing teacher professionalism to shape more effective learning.

Peningkatan keterampilan menulis deskripsi melalui strategi directed writing activity (dwa) siswa kelas IV sekolah dasar

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong><em> Description writing skills are language skills that are very important for students. The skill of writing descriptions is closely related to the ability to produce ideas or ideas into writing to compete globally. The purpose of this study is to improve description writing skills using the Directed Writing Activity (DWA) strategy. This type of research, classroom action research with the application of two cycles and consists of two meetings. Each consists of four steps, namely the planning cycle, action, observation and reflection. Data was collected using several techniques such as observation, interviews, documentation and test writing descriptions. Interactive models are used to analyze data. Assessment in the study showed that the teacher's performance and writing skills of the students' description improved continuously. Referring to the results, it can be concluded that through the directed writing activity (DWA) strategy improves the writing skills of grade IV students' descriptions.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong> <em>description writing</em><em>, </em><em>Directed Writing Activity (DWA),</em><em> elementary school</em><em></em></p>

Model Inkuiri Terbimbing Berbantuan Buku Dongeng Movable Berbasis Etnosains untuk Meningkatkan Literasi Sains Siswa

Science literacy is an essential skill that elementary school pupils need to be mastered. This study aimed to enhance the sixth-grade students' scientific literacy of SDN Cililitan 02 by implementing a guided inquiry model assisted by an ethnoscience-based movable storytale book. The Kemmis & McTaggart model was utilized in this classroom action research and carried out for 2 cycles of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this research were 32 sixth-grade students of SDN Cililitan 02 in the academic year 2021-2022. Data collection techniques used in this study included observation, interviews, and tests. The results showed that applying the guided inquiry model assisted by an ethnoscience-based movable storytale book improved the sixth-grade students’ scientific literacy of SDN Cililitan 02. The average scientific literacy percentage of the students in the pre-cycle test was 41.25%. The average percentage of students who completed scientific literacy tests was 67.19% in the first cycle and grew to 85.94% in the second. Applying the guided inquiry model assisted by ethnoscience-based movable fairy tale books makes learning more contextual through scientific methods by presenting local cultural content close to students' daily lives.

Implementation Social and Emotional Learning (SEL): Promoting Students’ Learning Activities

This research is motivated by issues that indicate the students' activities at Senior High School 2 Palembang in biology education are still below the minimum criteria. The purpose of this study is to promoting students' learning activities in the topic of ecosystems by implemented of Social Emotional Learning (SEL). Method of this research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) design involving planning, action, observation, and reflection cycles during 2 cycles. In this research, the sample consists of students from class X.7. The data collected included observations of students' learning activities and documentation. The observation of learning activities covers several aspects, including visual activities, oral activities, writing activities, and mental activities. The results showed a significant increase in the percentage of students' average learning activity scores, from 37.1875% before the implementation (Pre-cycle) of Social Emotional Learning to 53.90625% after the implementation of Cycle I of Social Emotional Learning, and further increased to 77.5% after the implementation of Cycle II of Social Emotional Learning. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the implementation of Social Emotional Learning has significant potential in improving students' learning activities in the ecosystem subject.

Construction of a literature map on collaborative virtual white boards

The aim of higher education is to make the student the protagonist of their learning. In this context, the researchers must create appropriate scenarios that enable students to explore and develop critical thinking both independently and cooperatively while making use of information technology. This paper presents a model of pedagogical practice in the subject of Introduction to Research Methodology (IRM) based on the construction of literature maps applying John W. Creswell's research design theory through the use of virtual whiteboards. 120 students from the seventh cycle of the study plan of the School of Architecture of the National University of San Agustín participated. As a result, the model used in this paper enabled students to collect and organize the data necessary to formulate their research and develop critical thinking based on scientific knowledge. In this process, it was possible to reflect on the importance of emphasizing the development of critical and creative thinking skills in order to create literary maps that contribute to the comprehensive education of students. It should be noted that students are obliged to be protagonists in the construction of their knowledge especially in subjects that develop competencies related to scientific research.

SEA and EIA: uncertain boundaries in Spain

ABSTRACT Environmental impact assessment (EIA) of projects and strategic environmental assessment (SEA) of policies, plans and programmes allow environmental aspects to be incorporated into decision-making. The literature and regulations sometimes present SEA and EIA as isolated silos, but in practice there are intermediate approaches. This paper discusses a number of case studies where the application of EIA and SEA is conceptually unclear, although legally appropriate. The application of SEA or EIA depends in practice on the name of the planning document used, rather than its strategic character, with non-strategic SEAs and strategic EIAs due to a mismatch between planning and EA. The gradual transition between SEA and EIA makes it advisable to establish similar administrative procedures, as well as a common screening stage to determine not only whether or not the proposal should be subject to EA, but also the most appropriate approach. More than one EA process may be necessary throughout the planning cycle, requiring effective tiering. The regulations should define what is considered strategic, and regulate the tiering between SEA and EIA processes.

Analysis of the Preparation of the Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD) of Minahasa Regency for the 2018-2023 Period

This study aims to explain the process of preparing the RPJMD in Minahasa Regency for the 2018-2023 period. In this study using a qualitative approach. The following research results are: 1) Preparation Cycle, the preparation of development plans is always based on the preparation and planning script and the planning cycle of development preparation provides convenience for Bappeltbangda, 2) Musrenbang activities, joint deliberation process After the initial draft of the RPJMD is refined and the draft of the PD Strategic Plan has been verified, then both are combined and become the draft of the RPJMD, 3) Planning and development, implementation of initial planning It has been systematically and the mechanism is based on the script system, there are inhibiting factors, namely discipline in SKPD data in evaluating their performance outcomes and outputs, lack of discipline and limited human resources.

Implementation gaps of the Portuguese Nacional Health Plan 2012-2021: evidence mapping analysis

Abstract Background The National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA) is responsible for carrying out the evaluation of the Portuguese National Health Plan (PNS) 2012-2016, extended to 2020 (and later to 2021). As part of PNS evaluation, this study aims to identify gaps in the implementation of the PNS 2012-2021, and to identify the degree of alignment and coherence between the strategic axis, goals, and monitoring framework issued by the PNS at different levels of implementation (national, regional, local and municipal). Methods A mix study, employing both qualitative and quantitative approaches was performed based upon a modified scoping review. Portuguese healthcare institutional websites and municipality websites were identified as the main data sources and secondary data were gathered. Evidence (plans, programs, or strategies) with publication date between 2015 and 2020 were included. A data collection matrix was validated by a group of experts from major stakeholders from academia and public health services. The matrix included 3 main categories following the PNS intervention logic (5 strategic axis, 4 goals and 37 monitoring indicators). Results A total of 204 documents met the inclusion criteria. Evidence from national level (55%) and local level (35%) represented about 90% of the sample. Overall, three implementation gaps were identified: 1) absence of two Regional Health Plans (in a total of 5 mainland health regions); 2) lack of about 1/3 of the expected Local Health Plans (16 out of 53) and, 3) low transposition (or approximation) of the PNS monitoring framework into the hospital and primary care contract-programs, one of the main management tools for planning. Conclusions The identification and analysis of implementation gaps contribute to the final evaluation of the PNS. Moreover, the results can guide the next planning cycle pointing out sensitive areas of implementation which need more attention from various stakeholders. Key messages • Implementation gaps can compromise the impact of PNS as the strategic tool to set the necessary health interventions and their alignment at national, regional and local level of implementation. • The next planning cycle should tackle the identified implementation gaps with the purpose of strengthen PNS as a strategic planning platform and with the aim of maximize population health gains.

A three-layer planning framework for regional integrated energy systems based on the quasi-quantum theory

With the rapid development in social informatization, more and more factors, such as regional economy, technological development, and people’s living needs, will affect the supply–demand relationship of regional integrated energy systems (RIES), which involve multiple energy forms. These factors turn the supply–demand relationship of an energy system into a nonlinear and time-varying chaotic system. This makes it difficult to predict and balance these relationships, which poses a huge challenge to the prediction, planning, operation, etc. Existing conventional methods attempt to quantify the prediction bias caused by various external environmental factors of energy systems and to weaken the uncertainty caused by multiple energy loads through random programming. However, uncertainty factors increase with the development of an energy system, thereby inreasing the requirements of such uncertainty quantification methods. Furthermore, in conventional methods, the prediction or planning decisions are often made by an observer while neglecting the impact of the observer’s decision-making behavior on prediction and planning. Therefore, this paper proposes a three-layer planning framework for to solve the above problems. This architecture includes quasi-quantum uncertainty periodic evaluation, stochastic planning based on information gap decision theory, and rolling planning based on model predictive control. First, we establish a quasi-quantum model of multi-energy system prediction error based on the quasi-quantum wave function model to qualitatively analyze prediction errors affected by uncertainty before and after planning. Simultaneously, combined with the evaluation model of the quasi-quantum potential energy function, a quasi-quantum uncertainty period evaluation model is proposed. Based on the minimum equivalent planning entropy, the planning cycle of multistage rolling planning is divided to minimize uncertainty. Second, the information gap decision theory is used to quantify the influence range of source and load uncertainty in the planning process and the multistage planning cycle is randomly planned. Then, the model predictive control method is used to control the actual error, and the planning strategy is changed in time to reduce the planning deviation caused by the prediction error. Finally, adopting a Beichen demonstration area in Tianjin, China, as a case study, the effectiveness of the proposed method in uncertainty analysis and long-term planning improvement is verified. The three-layer planning framework can improve the adaptability of the regional integrated energy system in the long-term planning process, and can timely adjust the planning scheme to cope with the impact of unpredictable uncertainties in the planning process.© 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.