Cyclic Character Research Articles

Determination of the Long-Term Ground Surface Displacements Using a PSI Technique—Case Study on Wrocław (Poland)

Wrocław is a major city located in the southwestern part of Poland in an aseismic tectonic fault zone. Slow, long-term, vertical displacements have been observed there from the 1930s based on the levelling network measurements with the use of a precise levelling method. Due to the high cost of classic surveys, these were performed at intervals of several decades and the most recent measurement of ground surface displacement was performed in 1999. The main aim of this study is to determine the ground surface displacements on the area of Wrocław in the 1995–2019 period, the spatio-temporal analysis of deformations and the identification of the potential factors causing these deformations. To determine the ground movements, an advanced PSI technique and data from ERS-2, Envisat, and Sentinel-1 sensors were used. Application of SAR technology for the first time in this area, provided new knowledge about the process of deformation in short time intervals over the entire area of the city. The results verify the hypothesis on the linearity of displacements obtained from historical geodetic observations. The obtained results show that the displacements, which continue to occur in the area of Wrocław have a cyclic character with 4–5 year long period of subsidence and 2–3 year long periods of stabilization or uplift. The displacement trends indicate that the area of the city gradually subsides in relation to the reference area located on the Fore-Sudetic Block.

Is There a Relationship between the Chitty Effect and the Types of Population Dynamics?

Thirty-year studies of populations of eight shrew species in the Middle Yenisei taiga have shown that at the late 20th century the population dynamics had a pronounced cyclic character, but in the 21st century cyclic dynamics changed with fluctuating one. The analysis of the dependence of the animal body weight on the population density have revealed that under cyclic dynamics at the peaks of the population, the animal's body weight is significantly higher than that at population decline, i.e., the corollary from the Chitty hypothesis (the Chitty effect) is observed. In populations with fluctuating dynamics such regularity has not been observed.

Features of engineering and environmental research for disturbed lands restoration in mining regions

Introduction. Sufficiently widespread expansion of disturbed lands in mining regions, particularly within the borders of residential areas, necessitates restoration measures, the direction and the content of which is determined first of all by the results of engineering and geological investigations. Research aim is to reveal the features of engineering and environmental studies for disturbed lands restoration based on the previous work performed at the territories of mining entities and residential areas including open pits and industrial waste sites. The research also aims to show the features of selecting grounds for these purposes and using secondary resources. Methodology. In order to study and generalize the results of the disturbed areas engineering and environmental research, apart from on-site and analytical research, the authors applied theoretical research methods including the analysis and synthesis both own materials and various information sources. Results. The article considered differences and common features of disturbed lands engineering and environmental research within the borders of the residential areas by the example of Ekaterinburg city and mining territories of Asbest industrial hub. It has been determined that the effect on the ecological state of disturbed territories is of a cyclic character. The features of using secondary resources for disturbed land restoration within the limits of “circular economy” is a strategy of sustainable development. The use of the man-made mineral formation is recommended, which can promote to further improvement of ecological situation of mining regions.

La antigua ceremonia de las doncellas Cantaderas en León

La fiesta de las Cantaderas, que celebraba el pueblo y la iglesia de León en su catedral el 15 de agosto (Asunción de la Virgen), era un ritual en el que se superponían y exaltaban una serie de eventos, de carácter tanto cíclico (anual-vital) como históricolegendario. En primer lugar, la describimos, a través de las fuentes histórico-literarias, en un período que se extiende entre los siglos XVI y XVIII. Después, la analizamos como un ritual de paso y especialmente como una situación de liminaridad, lo que nos ayuda a comprender la interconexión de todos los elementos rituales.

Mild and efficient 64Cu labeling of perhydro-1, 4-diazepine derivatives for potential use with large peptides, proteins and antibodies

Abstract DATA (6-Amino-1,4-diazapine-triacetate) and AAZTA (6-Amino-1,4-diazapine-tetracetate) chelators represent a novel approach representing hybrid-chelates: possessing significant cyclic and acyclic character. It is believed that flexibility of the acyclic part facilitates rapid complexation, whilst the preorganized cyclic part minimizes the energy barrier to complexation and inhibits decomplexation processes. So far, these chelators have been used exclusively with 44Sc and 68Ga only. Recent results with natCu predict high stabilities for Cu-AAZTA, yet no radioactive labeling of AAZTA or DATA with 64Cu or any additional radioactive isotope has been reported. We present the one pot synthesis of the bifunctional derivatives AAZTA5OMe and DATA5mOMe and their labeling with 64Cu. In addition, in vitro stability of the respective complexes are presented.

Economic reforms in Russia: Theoretical aspects and the practice of XIX—early XX century

This article analyzes both general issues of the theory of reforms and the history of economic reforms in Russia in the XIX—early XX century. The authors propose to consider the procces of carrying out reforms and counter-reforms as a result of interaction of several actors — “a theoretician”, “a reformer”, “a ruler”, “an elite” and “people”. During the whole Russian history reforms were of cyclic character. This article studies reforms conducted by M. M. Speransky, great reforms of Alexander II, reforms carried out by S. Yu. Vitte and P. A. Stolypin, counter-reforms of Nickolas I and Alexander III. All Russian reforms have always been aimed at the country’s modernization. However, though reforms were usually initiated for political reasons, economic reforms were in fact implemented. The tasks of modernization were realized in the first place in the military industry. Economic modernization occupied the second place by importance. Modernization of culture received much less attention, and modernization of political institutions was almost neglected. Historical experience shows that every project of modernization is unique and implies that reformers and intellectual elite are able to find those key decisions that will guarantee success. It is for this reason that the art of economic policy remains the prime factor in working out the strategy of reforms.

The problem of sustainability of the controlled innovation process

The present study is devoted to the problem of managing innovative processes at the level of state executive structures. The aim of the work is to build a mathematical model of a regulated innovation process and study of the structural stability of the equilibrium positions of the corresponding nonlinear dynamic system. An important role in the methodology of technical forecasting is played by the so-called logistics model, which has purely non-linear properties - saturation and cumulativeness. It is known that simultaneously with the acceleration of economic development, the influence of opposing factors is increasing, which either stabilize the growth of innovative products, or the process takes on a cyclical character. This, in turn, actualizes a set of measures to regulate the innovative activities of innovators. The need for changing the capacity of the innovation market occurs. This can be achieved by introducing feedback management on a technologically significant indicator of innovation in the traditional logistic model of diffusion of innovation. It is important to note that the presence of a built-in linear inertial controller in a nonlinear system does not automatically guarantee the stability of the achieved equilibrium positions. For this, the mathematical stability conditions on the plane of the parameters of the dynamical system are obtained. In particular, an unstable mode of self-oscillations was revealed in the vicinity of the desired equilibrium position. Such a regime is considered a dangerous boundary for loss of stability, and it is necessary to realize adjustment of the regulator’s parameters in order to avoid undesirable bifurcations and catastrophes. This makes it relevant to detect and identify negative trends in innovation dynamics. The approach proposed in this paper will make it possible to better diagnose the problems of the state of the systems under study, as well as to search for effective ways out of them in order to synthesize anti-crisis innovative development programs.

Manifestation of global seismic activity in the atmosphere and ionosphere

Background. In recent decades, the concept of earthquakes (EQ) has been formed as the final stage of a planetary continuous self-organizing process with periods of accumulation and relaxation of tectonic stresses. However, in the scientific literature, as before, studies of the response of atmospheric and ionospheric processes to individual strong EQs are presented. In this work, the coupling of processes in the lithosphere, troposphere and ionosphere is considered for the first time, taking into account new ideas about the seismic process against the background of processes caused by space weather, which is a new step in the study of the human environment. Objectives of the work is to find relationships in the Earth – atmosphere – ionosphere – magnetosphere system on a planetary scale with a change in global seismic activity (GSA). Materials and methods. The studies were carried out using four daily databases for 2007–2015 on space weather and the magnetosphere (solar and geomagnetic activity indices), the ionosphere (f0F2 is the critical frequency of the F2 region in the western and eastern hemispheres; TEC is the global ionospheric total electron content), the surface atmosphere (atmospheric pressure) and the lithosphere (maximum EQ amplitude per day). The method of superimposed epochs and other statistical methods of analysis were used. Results. Quasi-synchronous changes in magnetospheric, ionospheric, and tropospheric characteristics have been established during periods of a sharp increase in GSA. They often have a cyclical sawtooth character from one seismically active period to another, which indicates the possibility of continuous interaction of geospheres, and not only during periods of disturbances. In particular, an increase in f0F2 with a sharp increase in GSA by up to 0.5 MHz was found almost simultaneously in the eastern and western hemispheres. Conclusions. The results obtained indicate the possibility of long-term or continuous interaction of the lithosphere with the geospheres located above. Space weather changes can be one of the sources of synchronization. As a possible mechanism for the appearance of global effects in the atmosphere and ionosphere when the GSA changes, it is proposed to consider the role of the release of deep gases to the surface. This process is global and is associated simultaneously with both seismicity and the parameters of the Earth's rotation.

STANDART YAĞIŞ İNDEKSİ KULLANILARAK SİVAS İL'İNDE KURAKLIK ANALİZİ

Drought is a normal and recurrent feature of the any climate and happens in all climatic regions, but its characteristics vary substantially from region to region. Because of its environmental and socio-economic results, it is one of the most important natural events to focus on. Central Anatolia region, is one of the sensitive to precipitation changes, including drought conditions in Turkey. In this study, drought events in various time scales (1, 3, 6, 12 months) were examined in Sivas Province in the Central Anatolian region during the period 1964-2018. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and cumulative deviation curve methods were used to assess drought conditions. The results revealed that moist and dry periods show a cyclical character in the study area. However, it has recently been determined that dry conditions tend to increase in their frequencies. Analyzes of precipitation series used in this study show that long-term and frequent drought events are encountered for the recording period in which the precipitation characteristics of the region are taken into consideration. It is understood that although there is a slight decrease in annual precipitation totals in a part of the research area, the precipitation pattern has changed. Cumulative deviation and SPI results reveal that a significant number of arid periods were experienced in Sivas Province in the 1964-2018 period. According to these results, precipitation has decreased in all stations in the last ten years.

Welded Combined Rotor for the Steam Turbine K-325-23.5

The development data of the welded combined average-pressure rotor for the steam turbine of a new generation К-325-23.5 produced by JSC “Turboatom” have been given. To develop it, we used the data given in experimental-&-engineering and research papers devoted to the selection of the rational forms of individual discs and the loci of circular cofferdams with welded seams to provide an acceptable level of stresses, which is one of the main requirements to be met when designing welded rotors. The mode of deformation of some options of a new rotor structure was defined using the method of finite elements and the software of IPMach of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. In addition to the stresses that arise under the action of centrifugal forces and thermal stresses we took into account during our computations low bending alternating stresses caused by weight loads and these stresses are very dangerous due to their cyclic character. When combined with tensile stresses caused by centrifugal forces at the bottom run of welded seams, these can result in an increased amount of possible defects. The experimental-&-engineering research done by us allowed for the transformation of aggravating stresses caused by centrifugal forces at the bottom run of welded seams into compressive stresses. A special research was done to select the weld groove geometry, electrodes, the weld technology and thermal treatment modes after the welding to remove residual stresses. Welded specimens with the welded seams of a different configuration (type of weld groove geometry) and the specimens cut out of the welded seams of the end parts of full-scale model were subjected to fatigue tests. A high workability and unavailability of drawbacks that are peculiar for the rotors with capped discs individualize this type of rotor advantageously in comparison with the latter. Expensive balancing work requires the reduction of start operations by a factor of two. A combined “composite” rotor behaves in a more consistent manner with the spin up during the transition across critical rotation frequencies and at rated revolutions; a smoother operation is observed.

PALEOGEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS FOR FORMATION OF COAL-BEARING THICKNESS OF THE LYUBELYA FIELD OF THE LVIV-VOLYN BASIN ON THE BASIS OF THE ANALYSIS OF LITHOLOGICAL-STRATIGRAPHIC SECTION

Determination of paleogeographical conditions for formation of coal-bearing formation of the Lyubelya field of the Lviv-Volyn Basin was conducted on the basis of the analysis of lithological-stratigraphical sections in area of the of the Lyubelya-3 plot. Studies of coal-bearing thickness wither the limits of the separate plot of the field will enable us to investigate in detail the evolution of the peat accumulation of the field in general and will help to interpret tectonic movements, to determine facies associations and to reproduce paleorelief.By lithological composition the studied thickness is mainly of aleurolite-argillite composition with some layers of sandstones, limestones and coal seams. Its accumulation occurred while alternating of marine shallow-water, near-shelf lagoon-bog and continental conditions. Smooth relief and humid tropical climate, the presence of boggy plots located on the open coast of the shallow sea contributed to the accumulation.In the studied territory, an intensive lowering of the south-western of the territory of the Lyubelya-3 plot in Serpukhovian time of the Lower Carboniferous is observed. Sufficient in flux of terrigenous material, creation of conditions for compensating sedimentation that promoted wide bogging of the locality and formatting of paleopeat deposits were connected with it. North-eastern and eastern parts of the plot underwent perceptible rising movements that is observed by the change in the lithological-facies of rocks.Obtained results confirm the common notions of paleogeographical conditions for the formation of coal-bearing thickness of the Lyubelya field of the Lviv-Volyn Basin. With common regressive trending and cyclic character of sedimentation the formation of relatively thick terrigenous polyfacial thickness with the layers of coal and limestone occurred. Common regressive trending caused by rising movements in the field of the Ukrainian crystalline shield led to receding of the sea in the south-western direction. In addition the gradual widening of continental situations of sedimentation and reducing of marine ones occurred.

Results of Many-year Photometry of the Herbig Ae Star AB Aur in the Near Infrared

The results of many-year infrared observations of the Herbig AeBe star AB Aur at 1-5 μm (JHKLM bands) are presented. The duration of the photometric series, together with observations published earlier, is about 18 years. The observations demonstrate that, in contrast to the optical, the star is quite active in the studied infrared range. The variability amplitude increases with wavelength, reaching ΔM = 0.72m. Modeling shows that both the amount of IR radiation from the inner part of the disk and its temperature increase when the star becomes brighter. A periodogram analysis demonstrates that variations of the IR flux from AB Aur display significant evidence for periodic changes, whose stability is uncertain. This behavior is most probably associated with transient quasi-oscillations related to instability processes in the inner disk. The estimated correlation timescale, τ = 130 ± 40d, can be considered as an approximate characteristic of the duration of such processes. The analysis results provide no certain grounds to believe that the inner disk contains any massive objects in permanent orbits, such as protoplanets. The existing trend in the variations of the IR flux, most clearly expressed in the KLM bands, provides evidence for the presence of large-scale perturbations in the disk. Conditions that could bring about a cyclic character in the accretion of gas from the circumstellar disk onto the young star are briefly discussed.

Experimental Comparison of Two Integer Valued Iterative Learning Control Approaches at a Stator Cascade

Abstract Experimental and simulative investigations have shown that active flow control (AFC) is an effective method to influence flow conditions within a compressor. This can be used for different cases like mitigating flow separation or to ensure a uniform flow throughout a compressor stage. Control performance can be improved by making use of a cyclic character found in the rotor/stator interaction or found in new gas turbine setups exploiting cycling combustion. To this end, iterative learning control (ILC) is applied. To achieve a fast actuation, irrespective of the implemented control method, solenoid valves should be installed instead of proportional valves. Unfortunately, the binary character of these valves does not allow the application of conventional control methods, e.g., real-valued ILC. This contribution presents two options to handle the binary control domain in the context of an ILC. Both approaches are tested in a simulation study first to analyze the behavior. Then they are applied to a real test rig featuring a linear stator cascade.

Las contribuciones y correlaciones de dos modelos teóricos para el concepto de sostenibilidad social y urbana: Rio (2015) y Rio y Amorim (2017)

The dialogical emergence of mesoanalytic rules as a potential guide to the interpretation of social phenomena, dynamic and complex in nature, is something new in the search for clues that help to polish the concept of sustainability, especially the Social and Urban Sustainability-SSU. In this sense, the present research sought to correlate two theoretical models of SSU, Rio (2015) and Rioand Amorim (2017), in order to identify the convergences and the contributions of each one to the construction of the SSU concept. In order to achieve this objective, a qualitative, exploratory and comparative study was proposed, in line with the Multivariable Analysis Theory and with the method known as Quantitative Propositional Analysis (APQ) for the transformation of qualitative and quantitative data. The results pointed to the convergence of the understanding of both on the structural bases of the SSU model through the use of mesoanalytic rules for the interpretation of complex social variables; Complexity Theory and Multilevel Analysis, the concepts of hospitality and hostility, and Learning Theories as fundamental tools for the search for a broader and deeper interpretive route of the complex social dynamics from which the SSU emerges. The conclusion indicated the reinforcement of the unique, complex, dynamic and cyclical character of the actions and norms of each community that one wishes to study, so that the conception of a theoretical model of SSU must be constantly tested, revised and developed, in line with reality of each community, in order to improve the emerging SSU concept.

Estacionalidad de la mortalidad en los trópicos

El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la existencia y magnitud de ciclos de variación estacional en la mortalidad de Costa Rica de 1970 a 2016. Metodológicamente, el estudio se basa en microdatos de 630,000 defunciones entre esos años. La naturaleza cíclica de la variación estacional se modela con regresión sinusoide y parámetros estimados con regresión de Poisson. Los resultados muestran que hay variación estacional significativa con un máximo en enero y un mínimo en mayo. La mortalidad tiende a ser 7 % mayor en su ápex que en su nadir. Este patrón está determinado por accidentes, especialmente de transporte, alcoholismo, enfermedades cardio- y cerebrovasculares, e infecciones respiratorias. La mortalidad por diarreas presenta un patrón diferente de estacionalidad. En conclusión, la mayor mortalidad de enero estaría asociada con la temperatura menor, ausencia de pluviosidad, menor luz solar y comportamiento durante días festivos. Algunos picos de mortalidad podrían deberse a fluctuaciones en la calidad de los servicios de salud y de atención de emergencias.

Causes and Mechanisms of Fracture of a Main Line Section Made of 17G1S Steel

Abstract—The cause and the mechanism of formation of a long crack in a linear oil-trunk pipeline section consisting of two longitudinal pipes 1220 mm in diameter made of low-alloy 17G1S steel are comprehensively studied. The length of the crack moving along the longitudinal weld exceeds 3 m. The chemical composition and the mechanical properties of the pipe metal are found to meet the requirements of standards, and the impact toughness at negative temperatures is slightly lower than the standard. The crack moved according to a fatigue mechanism with a predominant grove relief. The main causes of crack nucleation are as follows: a significant stress concentration near the inner weld with distorted geometry of the reinforcing beads and a cyclic character of loading the oil pipeline.

Solid bulk cargo instability during marine transport

Solid bulk cargo liquefaction has been prominent on the agenda for shipping in recent years, which resulted in a cargo shift and loss of stability, causing the loss of many lives. When the cargo is subject to cyclic forces, such as the rolling movement of the ship, the cargo shift will contribute an extra moment on the ship hold and may result in ship capsizes. In the paper, a scaled model of a Handy size vessel is used to identify the key parameters that trigger cargo instability and calibrate the model parameter. A liquefaction model is presented to model the simple shear, cyclic shear character and the liquefaction during sloshing of the cargo. This numerical approach can provide a means to predict the ship stability and evaluate the potential safety hazards during marine transport of solid bulk cargo.

A cotidianidade nos poemas de Adélia Prado e Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen

Neste artigo, propomo-nos a discutir a presença do cotidiano nas obras A duração do dia, de Adélia Prado, autora mineira, e O búzio de Cós e outros poemas, de Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, poeta portuguesa, tendo sido escolhidos para discussão os poemas “A imagem semelhante” e “A activista cultural”. Os elementos da cotidianidade nos poemas serão respaldados pelas ideias de Agnes Heller, em O cotidiano e a História, para quem o cotidiano é heterogêneo, hierárquico e impregna de valores cada momento da vida, e para quem a cotidianidade reside nas formas particulares de o homem viver, pensar e agir no mundo. Também os comentários dos referidos poemas serão fundamentados pelo pensamento de Henri Lefebvre, em A vida cotidiana no mundo moderno, em que o autor aborda as dicotomias da vida cotidiana que podem manter seu equilíbrio ou desequilíbrio, discute seu caráter cíclico e ressalta que a cotidianidade corresponde à possibilidade de transformação do modo de vida em decorrência de outras demandas ou reinvindicações dos indivíduos. O seguinte artigo corresponde a parte do resultado do projeto de pesquisa intitulado “Imagens do sagrado na poesia de Adélia Prado e de Sophia Andresen – estudo comparado”, no qual demonstramos a presença do sagrado em diversas ações da vida do dia-a-dia. O mencionado projeto está cadastrado no Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Literaturas de Língua Portuguesa – GEPELIP, na linha de pesquisa Poesia em Língua Portuguesa, pela Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM; financiado pela Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas – FAPEAM.

Cornu Spirals and the Triangular Lacunary Trigonometric System

This work is intended to directly supplement the previous work by Coutsias and Kazarinoff on the foundational understanding of lacunary trigonometric systems and their relation to the Fresnel integrals, specifically the Cornu spirals [Physica 26D (1987) 295]. These systems are intimately related to incomplete Gaussian summations. The current work provides a focused look at the specific system built off of the triangular numbers. The special cyclic character of the triangular numbers modulo m carries through to triangular lacunary trigonometric systems. Specifically, this work characterizes the families of Cornu spirals arising from triangular lacunary trigonometric systems. Special features such as self-similarity, isometry, and symmetry are presented and discussed.

The History of the Southern Apennines of Italy Preserved in the Geosites Along a Geological Itinerary in the High Agri Valley

The itinerary presented in this paper links several geosites and proposes a series of geostructural and geomorphological observations that illustrate the cyclical character of the orogenic processes. The itinerary crosses the northern corner of the High Agri Valley, a 200-km2-wide area of outstanding geological importance located along the axial sector of the Southern Apennine of Italy. Its history is the result of the succession of extensional and contractional deformation phases that allowed the deposition of sediments, the formation and deformation of rocks, the growth and the fragmentation of an orogenic system during the last 250 MA. The aim of the study is to bridge scientific and educational values of the High Agri Valley area by examining its geological and geomorphological features, which have been fundamental in shaping the landscape, and determining the geological resources and the natural hazards, highlighted through the itinerary. Despite its outstanding natural beauty, over the years, the investigated area has suffered the pressure of diverse human activities, including a growing industrial development related to hydrocarbon exploration and production, often leading to conflicting interests and severe landscape damage. As a result, environmental and geoconservation aspects of this area have been at the centre of regional and national debates. In the light of these issues, this work aims at providing a better understanding of the geological and geomorphological value of the High Agri Valley area, in order to strengthen the basis for setting-up a sustainable geoconservation plan, which includes geotourism issues.