Cybernetics Research Articles

The Changing Definition Of Human Nature From Traditional to Contemporary Approaches: A View Of Human Nature In The Philosophy Of Informatıon

The issue of what human nature is an important issue for understanding the present and building the future. The place of human beings in the universe as well as their duty, their relationship with society, and their environment has been shaped by the meaning attributed to human nature. This article examines the transformation that the understanding of human nature in traditional philosophy has undergone after the information revolution from the perspective of information philosophy. Information technologies, which have integrated into every area of our lives after the information revolution, has deeply affected our scientific, economic, intellectual, and cultural activities. With the information revolution, human nature has been redefined with its characteristics that participate in design and creation activities, thanks to its interaction abilities, which are information-processing capacities, beyond biological and spiritual characteristics. The understanding of human nature has been addressed in different historical periods since the mythological period. The subject here is to evaluate the understanding of human nature from the traditional to the present. The anthropocentric understanding of humans, traditionally defined in the context of biological, physiological, and spiritual characteristics, is defined in the philosophy of information in a holistic context as an agent with information processing capacity, an informational object. As an entity that carries and processes information, humans are evaluated in the same category as information technologies such as cybernetic systems and artificial intelligence, although they have different characteristics, as informational objects. In addition, this study aims to provide a new perspective to the literature by examining the change process in the understanding of human nature.

A Cybernetics Approach and Autoregressive Distributed Lag Econometric Exploration of Romania’s Circular Economy

The purpose of this study, which adopts a cybernetics systems approach, is to analyze the circular economy landscape in Romania. It investigates the role of circular economy practices in the country’s endeavors to combat climate change and minimize its environmental footprint. Using data spanning from 2000 to 2022, we applied the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to examine the interdependence between CO2 emissions and key factors, such as GDP per capita, the recycling rate of municipal waste, and the generation of municipal waste per capita. Our findings suggest that the implementation of sustainable development strategies in Romania has successfully decoupled economic growth from environmental sustainability. This study introduces novelty by approaching the ARDL analysis through the integration of circular economy principles into a cybernetics system. This perspective contributes to informed decision making and the establishment of efficient tactical, operational, and strategic directions. Our results indicate that, in the long run, both the recycling rate of municipal waste and the generation of municipal waste per capita positively influence CO2 emissions, while GDP per capita has a negative impact. Variance decomposition and impulse response functions were employed to assess the explanatory variables’ influence on CO2 emissions and their effectiveness in explaining temporal fluctuations.

Harmonising humans and technology: Exploring the dynamics of cognitive production, artificial intelligence and social communication in cybernetic systems

Agile cognitive production systems mark a manufacturing paradigm shift, propelled by the demand for accelerated product development and the adoption of digitalised production systems across extensive supply networks. Cognitive manufacturing emphasises the role of technology and automation in the learning and adaptation process. These systems independently analyse data, make real-time adjustments and optimise processes, sometimes minimising the need for human intervention. Based on a conceptual framework that draws on the diversity of living systems and cognitive processes, cybernetics provides a solid theoretical background. It explores the intricate connections between cognition, self-organising systems and the challenges arising from the autonomy of such systems. The concept of "cognition" in "agile cognitive systems" moves away from the conventional understanding of purely technical processes and towards human thought processes. This departure fosters a dynamic exchange where individual thoughts resonate in social communication. Addressing the role of artificial intelligence (AI), the article emphasises examining computers from a social science standpoint, exploring the relationship between computers and mental systems, capturing human faculties such as cognition, utterance, and understanding. The integration of AI into computer-mediated communication leads to the question how AI-equipped computers intersect with societal intelligence notions. The inherent intransparency of AI, often viewed as a black box, prompts queries about the potential black-box nature of an autonomously controlled AI factory or supply chain. In this hypothetical scenario, the idea of the supply chain as a communication network is challenged, emphasising the importance of human involvement. Research on human-centric cognitive production emphasises explainable AI and human-in-the-loop. This orientation goes beyond the technical dimensions and incorporates social science considerations, which emphasises the holistic nature of current research. In essence, research in the field of cognitive production is a comprehensive exploration of the complex interplay between human cognition, artificial intelligence and the evolving landscape of modern production systems.

The green development in China through the lens of complex cybernetics: Insight for a new era

Measuring the level of green development is far from being a well-assessed problem, due to both the broad meaning of green development and the presence of randomness in environmental changes. In this paper, we develop the sustainable development evaluation index system from different perspectives, including resource utilization, green development management, green development quality, environmental protection, growth quality and green lifestyle. This evaluation index system is further viewed as a cybernetic system. Following a rough set approach, we properly address the issue of uncertainty and develop a robust estimation methodology. Neighborhood rough set and rough set methods based on genetic algorithms (GAs) have been used to identify the key indicators within the system. First, the results illustrate how a cybernetic approach deals with green policy and economic growth. Second, such a cybernetic approach provides new insights into identifying the main attributes for a sustainable development. Finally, stategies of improving green development in different parts of China are provided, concluding this paper.

Computer Vision-Based cybernetics systems for promoting modern poultry Farming: A critical review

As global demands on the poultry production and welfare both intensify, the precision poultry farming technologies such as computer vision-based cybernetics system is becoming important in addressing the current issues related to animal welfare and production efficiencies. The integration of computer vision technology has become a catalyst for transformative change in precision farming, particularly concerning productivity and welfare. This review paper delineates the central role of computer vision in precision poultry farming, focusing on its applications in non-contact monitoring methods that employ advanced sensors and cameras to enhance farm biosecurity and bird observation without disturbance. We delved into the multifaceted advancements such as the utilization of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for behavior analysis and health monitoring, evidenced by the high accuracy sorting of eggs and identification of health concerns within target-dense farm environments. The review paper underscores advancements in precision agriculture, including accurate egg weight estimation and egg classification within cage-free systems, paralleling the poultry sector’s evolution towards more ethical farming practices. Moreover, it addresses the progress in poultry growth monitoring and examines case studies of commercial farms, showcasing how these innovations are being practically applied to enhance productivity and animal welfare. Challenges remain, particularly in terms of environmental variability and data annotation for deep learning models. Nevertheless, the review emphasizes the scope for future innovations like voice-controlled robotics and virtual reality applications, which have the potential to enhance poultry farming to new levels of efficiency, humanity, and sustainability. The insights assert that the continued exploration and development in computer vision technologies are not only instrumental for the poultry sector but also offer a blueprint for agricultural enhancement at large.

Cybernetic Principles in Psychophysiology: Their Significance and Conclusions for Palliative Care.

Palliative care is dedicated to terminally ill patients with advanced disease, regardless of diagnosis, under the overarching premise of optimizing quality of life. This narrative review examines the extent to which principles of cybernetics and psychophysiology underlie this approach. Psychophysiology researches the physiological equivalents of psychological states and traits such as activation and individual reactivity, the interoception and the personal characteristics. Cybernetics specifies these principles, which are possible by understanding terms such as "psychophysiology" or "cybernetics" or "self-organization/autopoiesis". The meaning of these terms for palliative care can also be elucidated in relation to the terms "biofeedback", "consciousness", "pain", and "anxiety". The common themes of cybernetics and psychophysiology are environment, subjectivity, personality characteristics, the difference between time scale separation in cybernetic systems, and real-time procedures in environment and rhythm. These lead to special therapies based on psychophysiology, such as consciousness training. The concepts of quality of life, causality, the biopsychosocial model, therapy, and autonomy are examined as palliative care concepts. The equivalents can be described from the perspective of cybernetics. For some palliative care-related terms, cybernetic thinking is already present (quality of life, autonomy, symptom control), while for others, it is not (biopsychosocial). Cybernetic terms (complexity, stability, identity, rhythm) are still used to a lesser extent in palliative care. Terms like genetic basis are common in cybernetics and psychophysiology to explain the identity of the subject in transition. Identity, on the other hand, is the basis of the concept of dignity in palliative care. Psychophysiology investigates disturbances like pain and psychological illnesses, which are also present in palliative care. Psychophysiology, cybernetics, and palliative care have subjectivity and resources in common. Therapies based on cybernetic principles of psychophysiology can also be used for symptom control in palliative care in the oncology setting.

TOWARDS AN EVOLUTIONARY ECONOMIC THEORY

Today, the neoclassic economic theory still dominates the economic analysis, prediction, and even public economic policy, encouraged, unfortunately, by the career criteria in science and education fields. In such a context, the objectives of the paper are: (1) to systematize the findings related to the unrealism and theoretical and methodological mistakes of the economic neoclassic model; (2) to argue about the desirability, reliability, realism, and efficaciousness of an evolutionary model of the economy (and of Economics); (3) to draw the basic lines which an evolutionary economic theory could be edified on, starting from both the statu quo in the matter and the logical examination of the question. The approach of research is a mix between logical and historical (but not empirical) views regarding the evolutionary economic model/theory. The main results are: (a) arguing on the possibility of crystalizing the basic concepts of an evolutionary economic model; (b) making proposals for the evolutionary economic mechanism (in its abstract understanding – as cybernetic system of order 3); (c) warning on the risks of a tale quale taking over of the evolutionary concepts from Biology; (d) identifying the principles to be followed in building up of an evolutionary economic theory.

Алгоритмы передачи информации в системах управления биологическими объектами

One of the problems of the theory of management of objects with a high degree of uncertainty of behavior is solved: the development of theoretical foundations of analysis, modeling methods and improvement of bio cybernetic systems, their algorithmic and software necessary to improve the efficiency of the management process is proposed. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use the mathematical apparatus of information theory, on the basis of which the information characteristics of the control signal transmission channel from the source to the control object through the external environment are calculated, taking into account the noise of the ecosystem of the control object. The existing systems using monomodal control signals that do not carry a semantic load are analyzed, and the disadvantages and limited possibilities of improving the control systems under consideration are described. Using the example of one of the insect behavior control systems with a trichromic view, a comparison of the results obtained using various technical means used as control signal sources was performed. For improving the efficiency of control systems, which use a multimodal control signal structure, proposed various algorithms for constructing control systems using a multimodal control signal structure are considered, namely: serial and parallel circuits, combined, combining serial and parallel algorithms for using control signal sources. As a method for further improving the efficiency of control systems for biological objects with a high degree of uncertainty, it is proposed to use biological signals containing a large semantic load for the control object, which determines its behavioral response. The directions of further research are formulated in order to maximize the amount of information transmitted to the control object.

Meeting the Challenges of the UN Sustainable Development Goals through Holistic Systems Thinking and Applied Geospatial Ethics

The halfway point for the implementation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was marked in 2023, as set forth in the 2030 Agenda. Geospatial technologies have proven indispensable in assessing and tracking fundamental components of each of the 17 SDGs, including climatological and ecological trends, and changes and humanitarian crises and socio-economic impacts. However, gaps remain in the capacity for geospatial and related digital technologies, like AI, to provide a deeper, more comprehensive understanding of the complex and multi-factorial challenges delineated in the SDGs. Lack of progress toward these goals, and the immense implementation challenges that remain, call for inclusive and holistic approaches, coupled with transformative uses of digital technologies. This paper reviews transdisciplinary, holistic, and participatory approaches to address gaps in ethics and diversity in geospatial and related technologies and to meet the pressing need for bottom-up, community-driven initiatives. Small-scale, community-based initiatives are known to have a systemic and aggregate effect toward macro-economic and global environmental goals. Cybernetic systems thinking approaches are the conceptual framework investigated in this study, as these approaches suggest that a decentralized, polycentric system—for example, each community acting as one node in a larger, global system—has the resilience and capacity to create and sustain positive change, even if it is counter to top-down decisions and mechanisms. Thus, this paper will discuss how holistic systems thinking—societal, political, environmental, and economic choices considered in an interrelated context—may be central to building true resilience to climate change and creating sustainable development pathways. Traditional and Indigenous knowledge (IK) systems around the world hold holistic awareness of human-ecological interactions—practicable, reciprocal relationships developed over time as a cultural approach. This cultural holistic approach is also known as Systemic Literacy, which considers how systems function beyond “mechanical” aspects and include political, philosophical, psychological, emotional, relational, anthropological, and ecological dimensions. When Indigenous-led, these dimensions can be unified into participatory, community-centered conservation practices that support long-term human and environmental well-being. There is a growing recognition of the criticality of Indigenous leadership in sustainability practices, as well as that partnerships with Indigenous peoples and weaving knowledge systems, as a missing link to approaching global ecological crises. This review investigates the inequality in technological systems—the “digital divide” that further inhibits participation by communities and groups that retain knowledge of “place” and may offer the most transformative solutions. Following the review and synthesis, this study presents cybernetics as a bridge of understanding to Indigenous systems thinking. As non-Indigenous scholars, we hope that this study serves to foster informed, productive, and respectful dialogues so that the strength of diverse knowledges might offer whole-systems approaches to decision making that tackle wicked problems. Lastly, we discuss use cases of community-based processes and co-developed geospatial technologies, along with ethical considerations, as avenues toward enhancing equity and making advances in democratizing and decolonizing technology.

Learning in colloidal polyaniline nanorods

Liquid-based computing media are massively parallel computing devices with high fault-tolerance and self-healing capabilities. They can compute by propagating and interacting phase waves or by changing their internal coordination.Colloidal suspensions of conductive polymer nanorods are expected to be interesting candidates for developing the computing subsystem in such applications, because of their anisometry which makes them particularly susceptible to electrical fields.In this work, we investigateda suspension of polyaniline nanorods (NRs) to explorethe potential of generatinglearning mechanisms in the colloid and applyingthem in the computing system of future cybernetic systems. We demonstrated that learning, as expressed in the formation of programmable conductive pathways leading to distinct states, can be implemented using Alternated Current (AC) electrical stimulation. We achievedrepeatable programming of colloid resistance anisotropy that can be easily mapped into binary logic, demonstrating that this is due to the AC field effects on the hydrogen bonds that stabilise the dispersoids in the solvent as well as the charges' orientation inside the polymeric chains. We also influencedthe conductivity of polyaniline (PANI) NRs by changing their molecular conformation. The findings establish robustprotocols for programming future liquid robots.

Economics as a common interdisciplinary platform–a cybernetic approach

Cybernetics is the study of communication and control processes in biological, mechanical, and electronic systems and as such more relevant to the study of human behavior than simple paradigms, for instance Bounded Rationality (BR). Cybernetic Economics has like other cybernetic systems three levels: Economics aims to maximize the utility of goods and services Relevant Feedback is QALY-effects, for instance: 1) Eco effects, 2) Human relations and 3) Personal income System Management: Ad 1: A carbon neutral economy by a global CO2-emission Tariff (ET) Ad 2: Operation of the Big5 by Neuroeconomic Model (NeM) Ad 1-2: Informal bottom-up support of tripartite management (3P) Ad 3a: Market-based economic growth Ad 3b: Equalization of the market-based income by Universal Basic Income (UBI) Conclusion: A test course indicates that Cybernetic Economics can be disseminated to laymen. The major dissemination challenge is to give specialized researchers an introduction course in Cybernetics. Dissemination of Cybernetic Economics should have top-priority, because it's critical to better democratic guidance of Mankind towards the best possible QALY

ТЕОРІЯ ПОВІДОМЛЕНЬ ТА ЇХ ТИПОЛОГІЯ

The general scientific, interdisciplinary problem of building the concept of message theory is solved. Accordingly, the object of research is all possible types of messages that function in the real world both within any cybernetic systems and between them. The subject of research is axioms, laws, structure, attributes, characteristics, typology, as well as operations on messages. The purpose of the article is to develop the concept of the theory of messages as a component of such universal sciences as the theory of mass communication, information science and cybernetics. Analysis, synthesis, idealization, logical method, and generalization were used among research methods. In addition to methods, the research also used techniques such as systematization and typology (typologization). The article is written in the style of a review, theoretical genre. The literature review analyzed 22 sources, including the world's most famous encyclopedic editions and dictionaries in the fields of journalism, mass communication theory, and cybernetics. In the obtained results, it is determined that a message is a fragment (a part that has a beginning and an end) of data of a cybernetic system, which (a) is a tuple, (b) is located in time or space, and (c) is intended to transmit information from the sender (source ) to its recipient (recipient). Features of creation, meaning and meaning of messages are determined. The structure of messages and types of their context are considered. It is noted that any kind of messages can be represented in an idealized digital form as a chain of 0 and 1. Six axioms are considered as the basis of the concept of message theory. Within this concept, six laws are distinguished. Five attributes of messages, as well as seven of their main characteristics, are considered. Among the types of messages, informative (9 types) and non-informative (also 9 types) are highlighted. In addition, formal (non-meaningful, 13 items) and informal (meaningful, 9 items) operations performed on messages are indicated.

Cybernetics in Kurt Vonnegut’s Player Piano

In Player Piano (1952), Kurt Vonnegut depicts individuals who fall prey to a dominating cybernetics system that amplifies its influence through computers, consumer culture, and the advertising sector in post-war America. The article explores the concept of cybernetics in Player Piano, which reduces people to sentient machines and mindless bodies. Player Piano is an attempt to use machine analogies to make sense of complex systems. It is difficult to depict a cosmos that is predetermined and gives humans no free will.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СТВОРЕННЯ ШТУЧНОГО ІНТЕЛЕКТУ ЗАСОБАМИ ІНФОРМАТИКИ ТА КІБЕРНЕТИКИ

Peculiarities are determined, and scopes of application of the methods of informatics and cybernetics are specified based on V.M. Glushkov’s definition of the concept of information. The concept of artificial intelligence is noted to belong to these branches of science. The impossibility of using the traditional theoretical and practical foundations of discretization, quantization, and signal transmission in real-time systems and the need to develop new theoretical foundations based on the measure of changes for cybernetic systems have been proved. A tracking model of analog-incremental transformation of continuous signals with increments, multiple of the degree of 2, and methods of their coordination with the information processing means are proposed. The basis of the dynamic theory of information based on δ-entropy is proposed for excreting useful (dynamic) information from signals, images, videos, iterative processes and, in general, from the data on changes in evolutionary processes. Approaches to the synthesis of new technical solutions based on the method of knowledge increments are proposed. The peculiarities of creating artificial intelligence by the methods of informatics and cybernetics and the need for their synergy with other fields of science are determined. Keywords: computer science, cybernetics, information, artificial intelligence, computational technique, static information, dynamic information, measure of change, δ-entropy, information, knowledge gain, heuristics.

Cyber security management model

In this paper, it is confronted a question of cyber security management in organizations. The whole cyber world of today is permanently exposed to various cybernetic threats and attacks, that are more or less sophisticated, structured and have various motivations. No individual nor organization or cybernetic system is perfectly protected. Regarding this, it is essential for organizations to develop an effective and functional cyber security management system to eliminate threats and minimize extent and impact of attacks. The paper proposes a possible way how to manage cyber security in organization. Authors believe that proposed model is applicable for a wide range of organization across economy.

Relevancia de la relevancia:

We live in a “search engine society”. Underlying this self-description of post-modern society there is the crucial dependency of social memory from archives. Apart from moral and legal concerns, search engines are sociologically intriguing subject because of their close connection with the evolution of social memory. In this contribution I argue that search engines are non-semantic indexing systems which turn the circular interplay between users and the machine into a cybernetic system. The main function of this cybernetic system is to minimize the deviation from a difference, that between relevant and not-relevant. Through mechanical archives, post-modern social memory can cope with increasing knowledge complexity. The main challenge in this respect is how to preserve the capability of discarding in order to produce information.

Cybernetics of large social systems: The example of economics

AbstractWhen attempting to manage a large social system, it is necessary to have an overview of how the society functions and how economic theories describe this functioning. Recent discussions of higher orders of cybernetics are helping to define a multi‐disciplinary, multi‐level point of view. Knowledge from several disciplines is needed—systems science, management, engineering, cognitive studies and the various social science disciplines all have contributions to make. In this paper, we apply cybernetic ideas to further develop economic theories. The paper also uses economics to illustrate ideas in cybernetics. Similar thinking can be applied to other disciplines thus advancing the unification of science. The paper illustrates a transdisciplinary approach to knowledge development. The implications of the paper are improved understanding among scholars from several disciplines. The intent is to expand the range of conceptual possibilities available for problem‐solving.

The Dialectical Sociology of Michel Freitag and the Critique of Communication Society

Michel Freitag developed a ground-breaking sociological theory synthesizing the thought of sociology’s founders into the form of a dialectical sociology that conceives of the symbolic as ontological to social reality. After outlining his conceptualization of the historical evolution of society through its ‘modes of reproduction’, we will see how his analysis of contemporary societal transformations rests on a critical theory of communication and technology that, while entering a dialogue with the works of the Frankfurt school, especially those of Habermas, seeks to overcome their inherent contradictions. According to Freitag, the development of capitalist globalization alters the very substance of society as it tends to morph itself into a self-regulating cybernetic system. His sociology allows us to apprehend phenomena tied to the development of contemporary digital technologies such as the drive towards a new form of algorithmic governmentality fueled by digital oligopolies that increasingly dominate globalized capitalism, the rise of fake news in the era of post-truth and the transformation of subjectivity. Finally, his critique enables potent reflection on the dialectical possibilities of overcoming the dynamics of contemporary alienation.

Formation of sustainable economy of Russia in the context of economic theory. Part 2

Aim. To substantiate the feasibility of using the method of system identification of the objects under study and the corresponding technology in the system modeling of the structural organization of the sustainable economy of Russia.Tasks. To argue the choice of methodological approach to the systemic modeling of the structural organization of the sustainable economy; to characterize the method of systemic identification of the objects under study; to form the structural organization of the sustainable economy of Russia.Methods. In the process of solving the research problems the methods generally accepted in economic science in their totality were applied: system-structural, abstract-logical, functional-logical and economic analysis, method of scientific abstraction, dialectical method, method of comparison, system modeling, as well as the method of system identification of the studied objects.Results. The methodological approach to conducting systemic modeling of structural organization of sustainable economy has been substantiated. The method of system identification of the objects under study was chosen as the main modeling method, which allows to reflect the characteristics of the Russian economy under study as fully as possible and successfully replace this process when conducting its modeling. The application of this method allowed us to identify the state strategy of economic development, state regulation and market self-regulation as the key components of the structural organization of a sustainable economy, the principle of synergy of which is the basis of the idea behind its formation.Conclusions. The application of the method of system identification of investigated objects has conditioned the embodiment of the research idea by means of extrapolation of the logic of information flows movement in the cybernetic system at the formation of the structural organization of the designed object, which makes it possible to structure the sustainable economy of Russia as a set of market environment, state economic policy, state economic strategy, state regulation of the economy, market self-regulation, social production and society.

The Fuzzy Model for Sectoral Resilience Analysis

The report describes a process of analyzing sectoral resilience using the strategic matrix model of 4x6. It presents the main measures at the government level that can contribute to the restoration of sectoral resilience in the event of unfavorable impacts such as military, natural, or technological incidents. Methods. The 4x6 matrix is an oriented graph, with nodes representing the matrix indicators distributed across the matrix cells, and edges representing the links between indicators. The model is dynamic and positioned in discrete time, with the unit of measurement being a year. The matrix models the industry as a cybernetic system with positive and negative feedback loops. Negative feedback loops are generated based on anti-risk management results. Positive feedback loops arise in two ways: a) reinvesting net profits in business and increasing equity; b) proactive decision-making. The report presents a simple example of a sectoral matrix consisting of 15 indicators connected by 22 links. It demonstrates the anti-risk and proactive management of industry resilience by the state, through public-private mobilization partnerships (PPMP). The paper examines the positive impact of the following measures on industry resilience: a) price regulation; b) return industrial mortgage; c) government supply chain factoring; and d) government leasing. The relationship between efficiency, resilience, risks, and opportunities is ambiguous. It is necessary to research the optimal zones where an acceptable value of all four factors can be preserved at the same time. Resilience is lost in both positive and negative senses; progress occurs in leaps, and new qualitative heights in business are achieved through repeated growth of all types of risk accompanying that business. In this case, stabilizing measures can hinder reaching new heights. The proposed modeling technology allows for the analysis of cross-industry interaction, including the creation of cross-industry syndicates (clusters).