Cyber Extortion Research Articles

The Role of the Law in Protecting Individuals from Electronic Blackmail

The main idea centers on describing the role of the law in defending people against the phenomenon of electronic blackmail by defining the term, outlining its types and characteristics, and outlining the role of the law in combating this phenomenon. This is because laws will inevitably be created to address the enormous advancements in technology and human behavior that have coincided with these advancements. The real problem, which is the incapacity to prosecute those who commit these electronic crimes, has emerged because of the tremendous scientific advancement in the field of technology. This has led to the emergence of new patterns and a new class of criminals who have taken advantage of these sciences and modified them to serve their criminal goals. Crime has gone up, as it has in every nation on the planet. Recent years have seen instances of electronic extortion in Egypt, and judges find it challenging to prosecute these contemporary crimes—especially the offense of electronic extortion. The Egyptian lawmaker demanded prompt action to update the legislation against information technology crimes, include provisions for electronic blackmail, and impose harsh punishments on anyone who engage in such behavior. The psychological and social effects to which individuals are exposed to electronic blackmail were also discussed, and we touch on the impact of these effects on the psychological health and social relationships of individuals. In conclusion, the importance of legal safeguards for victims of cyber extortion in Egypt cannot be overstated, given the ever-changing landscape of cybercrime and the inherent challenges it poses to traditional legal systems. It is necessary to review Egypt's current legal framework. Strict protocols must be established for reporting cases of blackmail against members of society to ensure their protection under Egyptian law.

Privacy Right and its challenges in the age of technology

Privacy is a legal right that holds a special place in international laws and the laws of various countries. It has always been protected by lawmakers in the international and domestic arena. The era of information and digital technology has brought about significant changes in society, along with threats to individuals' privacy. Understanding the challenges and threats to privacy in this era is of great importance. The aim of this research is to examine the challenges to privacy and instances of its violation through technology in the digital age. The research question is what are the challenges to privacy in the age of technology, and in what cases has technology led to the violation of individuals' privacy? This research utilizes an analytical-descriptive method and employs library tools for data collection. The findings of this research show that technology is one of the biggest threats to privacy in the current era. Instances such as data breaches, phishing attacks, cyber extortion, social engineering, identity theft, unauthorized access to information through insecure public Wi-Fi networks, information vulnerability through the Internet of Things, exposure of information to the public, invasion of privacy through data mining and profiling, and cyber espionage all contribute to the violation of individuals' privacy.

The role of the Internet in the evolution of fraud: a historical aspect

This article presents a thorough examination of how the Internet has altered the landscape of fraud, with particular focus on increasingly sophisticated digital schemes. It examines how the internet serves both criminals and cybersecurity efforts alike. Beginning with an exploration of fraud's historical roots from its early manifestations in pre-digital to digital times and continuing into modernity, this article details its development alongside technological progress. Utilizing various research methodologies (historical and statistical analysis), such as tracking its progression across time as well as any countermeasures implemented during that period.Significant findings of this research highlight the rise of internet-enabled fraud forms such as phishing, identity theft and cyber extortion; emphasizing their global and anonymous nature. Furthermore, research indicates the need for multidisciplinary approaches that combine technological, legislative and educational strategies in combatting internet fraud. This highlights machine learning technologies like artificial intelligence in detecting fraud along with greater public awareness campaigns to build cyber literacy literacy levels among society at large.

Cyber Extortion Revealed: An Analysis of Ransomware's Development, Strategies, Obstacles, and Prospects for the Future

Cyber Extortion Revealed: An Analysis of Ransomware's Development, Strategies, Obstacles, and Prospects for the Future

Effects of Technology and Cybercrimes on Business and Social Media

In today’s world, technology has become an ever-growing factor in our lives and ever since COVID-19, we have seen the rise of a digital, AI, world. Technology has greatly developed, evolved, and impacted the world since 2020. It has made lives more accessible in terms of communication and interactions. Instead of commuting to work every day, many businesses turned to ZOOM or TEAMS calls. Instead of having a meet-up with friends, you could Facetime. The world was forced to move online leaving the real world behind. However, many people overlook technology’s impact on today’s world. Cybercrime and cyberattacks are some of the many problems that continue to arise. With the sudden move to the online world, cybersecurity was a term many people hadn’t grasped yet, leading many people to not understand the risk of not protecting their data online. Advancing technology has made many cybercrimes more common because people have personal information online linking bank accounts, addresses, and phone numbers left unprotected. Different cyber attacks include malware and ransomware attacks, identity theft and fraud, phishing and spear phishing, cyber espionage, cyber extortion, crypto-jacking, etc. The sectors that have been most affected are business and social media with Identity theft, spear-phishing, and fraud as leading attacks. The leading cybercrimes for these sectors are identity theft and ransomware attacks. For future generations, people have to learn about cybersecurity and cybercrime. This paper explains what cybercrime and cyber attacks are and how to protect and prevent these attacks.

Juridical Analysis of Extortion that Occurred in the Umbul Ngrancah Tourism Village, Udanwuh Village, Semarang Regency

Illegal Levies or also known as extortion is an act of extortion that is prohibited in criminal law. This action is practically carried out in the form of a request for additional fees beyond the mandatory fees that have been specifically determined by a statutory regulation. This study aims to analyze the mechanism of law enforcement carried out against perpetrators of Extortion in the Umbul Ngrancah Tourism area, Udanwuh Village. This research uses a type of empirical juridical research. Extortion itself is often carried out by government officials or employees. The term extortion has become a trend again with Presidential Decree No. 87 concerning the 2016 Extortion Task Force, the Cyber Extortion Task Force was formed

Combating Cyber Extortion by Corrupt Officials

Combating Cyber Extortion by Corrupt Officials

Concerns about Cybersecurity: The Implications of the use of ICT for Citizens and Companies

The widespread use of Information and Communication Technologies - ICT substantially increases the risks related to information security. In fact, due to the increase in the number and type of cyber attacks, Cybersecurity has become a growing concern in today's society. This phenomenon affects not only individual citizens, but also companies and even State entities. Despite the numerous advantages of this "digitalisation" of society, there are several risks, ranging from identity theft, scam emails or phone calls, online fraud, offensive material and child pornography, material promoting racial hatred or religious extremism, access to online services, email account hacking, online banking fraud, cyber extortion or malicious software. In order to determine the impact that cyber attacks have on society it is necessary to understand how people and companies use ICTs, such as social networks, the information they share, their privacy concerns, or the use of electronic services such as online payments or the cloud. This study becomes central not only to try to prevent/minimise risks, showing what has been done in this area, but more importantly, the way forward to try to prevent or minimise possible risks in the future.

The nature of losses from cyber-related events: risk categories and business sectors

Abstract In this study, we examine the nature of losses from cyber-related events across different risk categories and business sectors. Using a leading industry dataset of cyber events, we evaluate the relationship between the frequency and severity of individual cyber-related events and the number of affected records. We find that the frequency of reported cyber-related events has substantially increased between 2008 and 2016. Furthermore, the frequency and severity of losses depend on the business sector and type of cyber threat: the most significant cyber loss event categories, by number of events, were related to data breaches and the unauthorized disclosure of data, while cyber extortion, phishing, spoofing, and other social engineering practices showed substantial growth rates. Interestingly, we do not find a distinct pattern between the frequency of events, the loss severity, and the number of affected records as often alluded to in the literature. We also analyse the severity distribution of cyber-related events across all risk categories and business sectors. This analysis reveals that cyber risks are heavy-tailed, i.e. cyber risk events have a higher probability to produce extreme losses than events whose severity follows an exponential distribution. Furthermore, we find that the frequency and severity of cyber-related losses exhibit a very dynamic and time-varying nature.

QUESTIONS OF QUALIFICATION OF CYBER-EXTORTION

The problem of ensuring information security today comes to the fore. Information is becoming an increasingly valuable object that requires special protection. Society, transforming into a digital one, is becoming increasingly dependent on information resources and information and telecommunication networks. Recently, cases of the use of encryption programs for information have become widespread, with subsequent demands for the payment of large sums of money for the preservation of data and their decryption. To date, "cyber extortion" falls under the signs of crimes in the field of computer information, such as unauthorized access to computer information (Article 272 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) and the creation, use and distribution of malicious computer programs (Article 273 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). In our opinion, this is not enough. It is proposed to supplement Article 163 of the Criminal Code with additional objective signs aimed at protecting computer information.

A Novel Deep Learning Approach for Deepfake Image Detection

Deepfake is utilized in synthetic media to generate fake visual and audio content based on a person’s existing media. The deepfake replaces a person’s face and voice with fake media to make it realistic-looking. Fake media content generation is unethical and a threat to the community. Nowadays, deepfakes are highly misused in cybercrimes for identity theft, cyber extortion, fake news, financial fraud, celebrity fake obscenity videos for blackmailing, and many more. According to a recent Sensity report, over 96% of the deepfakes are of obscene content, with most victims being from the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, India, and South Korea. In 2019, cybercriminals generated fake audio content of a chief executive officer to call his organization and ask them to transfer $243,000 to their bank account. Deepfake crimes are rising daily. Deepfake media detection is a big challenge and has high demand in digital forensics. An advanced research approach must be built to protect the victims from blackmailing by detecting deepfake content. The primary aim of our research study is to detect deepfake media using an efficient framework. A novel deepfake predictor (DFP) approach based on a hybrid of VGG16 and convolutional neural network architecture is proposed in this study. The deepfake dataset based on real and fake faces is utilized for building neural network techniques. The Xception, NAS-Net, Mobile Net, and VGG16 are the transfer learning techniques employed in comparison. The proposed DFP approach achieved 95% precision and 94% accuracy for deepfake detection. Our novel proposed DFP approach outperformed transfer learning techniques and other state-of-the-art studies. Our novel research approach helps cybersecurity professionals overcome deepfake-related cybercrimes by accurately detecting the deepfake content and saving the deepfake victims from blackmailing.

Are Women a Soft Target for Cyber Crime in India

A growing global issue that might have significant social and economic repercussions is cyber violence against women. This is due to the growing popularity of social media, the spread of information via mobile devices, and the growth of the internet. Any form of sexual or gender-based violence against women that takes place through ICTs like the Internet, mobile devices, and video games is referred to as cyber violence. These technologies are ideal for using as weapons against women for a variety of reasons these include cyber stalking, sexual abuse (including sending sexually explicit or pornographic emails to the victim), cyber extortion, cyber bullying, cybersex trafficking, and phishing. Even if there are more crimes against women overall, a woman can find that experiencing a cybercrime is the most upsetting thing that has ever happened to her. More so in India, where women are devalued and cybercrimes aren't even given significant legal consideration. India's legal system's current rules and practises are shown to have gaps in Cyber Crimes against Women, as well as what can be done to keep individuals secure online. In this essay, I'd want to discuss the various cybercrimes that can affect women and how they can harm them. I also briefly discuss new laws that are being introduced in this field, such as the Criminal Amendment Bill, as well as the many statutes that protect women in these circumstances, such as the Information Technology Act of 2000. (2013). to reach a conclusion, I consider a number of well-known cybercrime cases. Additionally, we need to consider a couple of answers for the rising frequency of cyber crimes against ladies in India. At the end, we talk about the choices accessible to casualties of cyber crime and the changes that should be made to the overall set of laws to battle the rising tide of cyber crimes.

The Reviewed Study of Various Techniques to Control and Defeat Cybercrime

Cybercrimes with the likes of cyber extortion, cyber espionage, stealing and selling corporate data, cyber bullying, phishing, impersonation, and unauthorized systems access have been on the rise over the past decades due to increasing computing technology hence hacking tips as well.

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI KORBAN SERANGAN RANSOMWARE

<p><em>Data is an important part of the need in today's Information Technology era. The data of every human individual in the world has a high level of sensitivity for anyone. Data that is currently developing both offline and online data, requires a certain level of security in its access. Good data security techniques are needed in ensuring the confidentiality of a data including from attacks of several types of malware viruses and ransomware.</em></p><p><em>Types of malware viruses and ransomware work with the concept of damaging, stealing and locking data with various purposes, one of which is to make a profit. Ransomware works by locking certain files that are targeted and encrypted so that the data is inaccessible. In the end, if you want to access the stored data, users are required to contact the contact of the creator of the ransoware by paying a certain amount of money in decrypting the locked data. Ransomware can be categorized as cyber extortion.</em> <em>Article 27 paragraph 4 of the ITE Law provides arrangements on the dissemination of information that has extortion content whose provisions are regulated in the Criminal Code. Ransomware meets the elements of the criminal act of extortion as stipulated in the provisions of Article 368 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code. The perpetrator commits extortion coupled with acidification by closing the victim's access to his data. The government has made legal protection efforts for victims of ransomware among others through the arrangements contained in Article 27 Paragraph (4) of the ITE Law.</em> <em>As well as the application of criminal sanctions of confinement and fines for perpetrators of ransomware crimes. Protection of cyber space users can also be done by individuals (individuals) by building regulations in cyberspace and being vigilant in using the internet. In an effort to provide legal protection for ransomware victims, cooperation is needed between the government as a lawmaker and users (victims of ransomware) cyber space. More advanced and unconventional regulations are critical in dealing with cybercrime. Because all forms of cybercrime cannot be touched by the rule of law.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: Legal Protection, Victims, Ransomware</em></p>

Ransomware: A Darwinian Opportunity for Cyber Insurance

Darwin’s survival of the fittest theory maintains that an organism's ability to adapt to changes in its environment and adjust accordingly over time determines its survival success. This process of adaptation at the heart of Darwinism is apropos for the cyber insurance industry amidst the selective pressures introduced by ransomware (RW) incidents and claims. This case study proffers adaptations to the changes wrought by ransomware in order to increase cyber insurance resiliency to this peril and prevent coverage extinction. These adaptations exist on a spectrum of controllability and speed of impact, including: risk management guidance, mandatory ransomware incident disclosure regulation, security controls failure reporting, infosec prevention and mitigation controls incentives, data-driven risk models, and cyber extortion policy reform.

Forms and Consequences of the Cyber Threats and Extortion Phenomenon

Cyber threats and extortionate communications usually aim to influence the behavior or obtain compliance from victims. The phenomenon includes a wide range of forms, such as intimate partner violence; violence against women; dating abuse; sexual harassment; sexual coercion and extortion; etc. The victimization is linked to personal insecurity or disruption, mental and physical health, work or school performance, may represent a high financial burden, affecting negatively the sustainable development in a number of ways. The scale, scope, and challenges posed by this criminal phenomenon cannot be overstated. A deep analysis of the nature and extent of cyber extortion and threat is an essential component in the design of control strategies and programs. This research aims to provide an in-depth examination of the cyber threats and extortion phenomenon. The approach is interdisciplinary and empirically-informed. The analysis was done on a large number of cases and provides a comprehensive description of the essential characteristics of the phenomenon, including forms, communication vectors, and consequences for victims. The article concludes with recommendations for effectively addressing the phenomenon.
 Keywords: Cybercrime, Extortion, Speech, Threats, Violence, Discrimination, Ransomware

Cyber Extortion and Threats: Analysis of the United States Case Law

This article presents an analysis of the cyber extortion and threats cases brought to the United States courts. The inquiry employed content analysis to identify important elements and attributes and answers research questions concerning essential attributes, legal elements, and how do the courts interprets these offenses. The article extends the understanding of this phenomenon by providing a thorough discussion of the conceptual issues and characteristics and an analysis of the most important litigation aspects, such as intent, true threats, sentencing, and the insanity defense. The article concludes with recommendations for stakeholders, to more effectively address the phenomenon.

An effect of chaos grasshopper optimization algorithm for protection of network infrastructure

Due to the proliferation of sophisticated cyber extortion with exponentially critical effects, intrusion detection system is being evolved systematically their revealing, understanding, attribution and mitigation capabilities. Unfortunately, most of the modern Intrusion Detection System (IDS) technique does not provide sufficient defense services in the wireless environment while maintaining operational continuity and the stability of the defense objective in the presence of intruders and modern attacks. To resolve this problem, we propose a new feature selection technique by combining Ensemble of Feature Selection (EFS) and Chaotic Adaptive Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (CAGOA) method, called ECAGOA. The proposed method has the capability of preventing stagnation issue and is particularly credited to the following three aspects. Firstly, EFS method is applied for selecting the high ranked subset of attributes. Then, we have employed chaos concept in Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) which generates a uniformly distributed population to enhance the quality of the initial populations and has the capability to manage two different issues such as the ability to search for new space termed as exploration and the ability to use existing space termed as exploitation in the optimization process. In order to avoid local optima and premature convergence, lastly, an adaptive grasshopper optimization algorithm is developed by using organized parameter adaptation method. Furthermore, the adaptive behavior of GOA is applied to decide whether a record signifies an anomaly or not, differing from some approaches acquainted in the literature. Support vector machine (SVM) is used as a fitness function in the proposed method to choose the relevant features that can help classify the attacks accurately. In addition, it is also applied to optimize the penalty factor (C), kernel parameter (σ), and tube size (ϵ) of SVM method. The proposed algorithm is evaluated using three popular datasets: ISCX 2012, NSL-KDD and CIC-IDS2017. The evaluation results show that the proposed method outperformed several feature selection techniques from state-of-the-art methods in terms of detection rate, accuracy, and false alarm rate.

Ransomware a Concealed Weapon of Cyber Extortion: The Beginning Unfolded

Ransomware a Concealed Weapon of Cyber Extortion: The Beginning Unfolded

Cyber extortion is threatening Industry 4.0

Cyber extortion is threatening Industry 4.0