Cyberbullying Research Articles

The Impact of Facebook on Election Campaigns: (Case Study of Mogadishu Somalia)

The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of Facebook on election campaigns in Mogadishu, with a focus on identifying the positive and negative effects of using Facebook as a political tool. In Somalia, Facebook has emerged as one of the most popular social media platforms, with a significant portion of the population using the platform to communicate and access information. As such, it has become increasingly important to understand the impact of Facebook on election campaigns in Mogadishu. Although Facebook has become a popular platform for political campaigning globally, little is known about the impact of Facebook on election campaigns in Mogadishu, Somalia. Given the country's recent history of political instability and the increasing role of social media in shaping public opinion, there is a need to study the impact of Facebook on election campaigns in Mogadishu. The article used a descriptive research design employing a quantitative approach to quantify occurrences, describe current conditions, and investigate the impact of Facebook on election campaigns in Mogadishu, Somalia. The target populations that participated in the study were the faculty of social science and other administration staff at Somali National University, with a total of 100 participants. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires, and SPSS was utilised for descriptive analysis. The research findings suggested that Facebook is a popular source of information and a common platform for receiving political messages during election campaigns in Mogadishu, Somalia. The majority of the participants use Facebook almost daily, and a significant proportion have used it as a source of information for the latest election campaign. Additionally, many participants have encountered political posts on Facebook during the campaign, with the majority reporting seeing them with a range of frequencies. This study recommends that Facebook implement measures to combat online harassment and protect users' safety during election campaigns, given that a significant proportion of respondents have witnessed or experienced online harassment related to election campaigns on Facebook

Impact of online dating on the adolescent population: a brief review of the literature with special reference to the Indian scenario.

Online dating is becoming more and more popular not only among the adult population, but also among adolescents, which comes with its own advantages and disadvantages. Adolescents are more vulnerable to a number of issues connected with online dating, including online grooming, bullying, emotional abuse, revenge porn, harassment, and lack of social interaction. We aimed to briefly review the available literature exploring the impact of online dating on adolescents, with special reference to the current Indian Scenario. A brief literature search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar in September 2022 with no date limits. Keywords included various combinations of terms such as online dating, dating applications, social media, mental illness, psychiatric disorders, adolescents, and mental health. Original studies and review articles exploring the impact of online dating on adolescents and published in English were reviewed in our work. A descriptive strategy was used to summarise the findings. The impact of online dating on adolescents is discussed in the light of (1) issues associated with online dating among adolescents, (2) the international context, and (3) Indian context. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, online dating has grown in popularity among adolescents, which has led to a number of worrying situations, including increased risk of sexually transmitted infections, dating violence, and mental health issues. All of these issues are described in the literature in the context of unsupervised use of technology, peer pressure, and desire to fit into the society. Data from India remain scarce on this topic, highlighting the need for research exploring the influence of online dating on adolescents.

"Creepy Towards My Avatar Body, Creepy Towards My Body": How Women Experience and Manage Harassment Risks in Social Virtual Reality

Online harassment against women - particularly in gaming and virtual worlds contexts - remains a salient and pervasive issue, and arguably reflects the systems of offline structural oppression to control women's bodies and rights in today's world. Harassment in social Virtual Reality (VR) is also a growing new frontier of research in HCI and CSCW, particularly focusing on marginalized users such as women. Based on interviews with 31 women users of social VR, our findings present women's experiences of harassment risks in social VR as compared to harassment targeting women in pre-existing, on-screen online gaming and virtual worlds, along with strategies women employ to manage harassment in social VR with varying degrees of success. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on harassment in social VR by highlighting how women's marginalization online and offline impact their perceptions of and strategies to mitigate harassment in this unique space. It also provides a critical reflection on women's mitigation strategies and proposes important implications to rethink social VR design to better prevent harassment against women and other marginalized communities in the future metaverse.

Hate Raids on Twitch: Understanding Real-Time Human-Bot Coordinated Attacks in Live Streaming Communities

Online harassment and content moderation have been well-documented in online communities. However, new contexts and systems always bring new ways of harassment and need new moderation mechanisms. This study focuses on hate raids, a form of group attack in real-time in live streaming communities. Through a qualitative analysis of hate raids discussion in the Twitch subreddit (r/Twitch), we found that (1) hate raids as a human-bot coordinated group attack leverages the live stream system to attack marginalized streamers and other potential groups with(out) breaking the rules, (2) marginalized streamers suffer compound harms with insufficient support from the platform, (3) moderation strategies are overwhelmingly technical, but streamers still struggle to balance moderation and participation considering their marginalization status and needs. We use affordances as a lens to explain how hate raids happens in live streaming systems and propose moderation-by-design as a lens when developing new features or systems to mitigate the potential abuse of such designs.

Pattern of Internet Use and Knowledge and Practices in School Children

Study background AACCI - Association of Adolescent and Child Care in India conducts multicentric youth behaviour studies in India. The results are shared with the school and intervention programs are held. This paper analyses the pattern of internet use knowledge and practices in school children Abbreviations AACCI - _Association of Adolescent and Child Care in India Methods Cross sectional study. All children studying in class 6th to 10th (n=377) age range 11-16 yrs. -coed, elite, english medium school in North Delhi. Due permissions from parents and assent from participants taken. Ethical clearance was given by AACCI ethics committee Results n= 377 – Boys 66% (249) , girls 34% (128) . Majority i.e. 86.20% (325)) used internet and 29.2% (95) used for more than two hours a day. The favourite activities in 37.23% (121) were Internet games. 80% (259) had personal facebook account ;63.32% (164) have more than 100 facebook friends. Safety precautions analysis showed -a) majority i.e. 95% (246) believed that it is not right to post embarrassing personal information about self or friends. b) 21% (62) had facebook friends- not met in real life. c) Only 81% (239) students discuss internet experience with their parents; d) 47% (122) were not aware that information uploaded by them is tracked and stored and can be used by companies to make profits. e) Only 69% (203) used privacy settings and had detailed knowledge about cyber bullying. Conclusions Majority are not taking basic precautions like using privacy settings on the facebook. Since 34% (100) do not inform parents about their online activities, they are vulnerable to exploitation on the net and can also be tempted to go on inappropriate sites. We conducted a workshop in this school for students, parents and teachers on cyber safety and monitoring teen internet use. This is the need of the hour

A Study on the Basic Characteristics and Coping Strategies of Bullying in Japanese School

Globally, school bullying has become a serious educational and social problem in different countries. Japan has developed a response system with its own characteristics in dealing with bullying in schools. Based on a review of the definitions of bullying and school bullying response measures in Japan at different times, the study is centered on the results of the 2022 survey on bullying in schools conducted by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan and based on the data published by MEXT and the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) in 2022, the study focuses on "early prevention, early detection, early response and response to major incidents", and describes responses in these four aspects at both the national and school levels. The results of the study show that bullying in Japanese schools is becoming more prevalent and serious, the group of school bullying tends to be younger, non-violent psychological harm is the main type of school bullying, and methods of school bullying tend to be more covert, and cyber bullying tends to be more serious. The current response to bullying in schools in Japan emphasizes the strengthening of bullying prevention education from primary school onwards, with a tendency to strengthen education on interpersonal relationships and awareness of collective norms within the school (or classroom) . The specific response to school bullying consists of four components: early prevention, early detection, early response, and response to major incidents. Utilizing the role of the state, regional public bodies, schools, and other institutions is an important way to respond properly to incidents of bullying in schools. Among them, particular emphasis is placed on early detection and early response, and a special response to major incidents of school bullying.

The Influence of Sharing Fake News, Self-regulation, Cyber Bullying on Social Media Fatigue during COVID-19 Depression as Mediator Role

Intent of this is to explore the empirical impact of fake news sharing, self-regulation and cyberbullying while depression been playing a role of the mediator on the fatigue of social media in the pandemic, COVID- 19. In order to bridge the gap in the current study, a conceptual framework has been utilized to find out the impact of fatigue of social media on depression. SMART PLS software has been used in this study to investigate the influence of the fake news, self-regulation and cyberbullying on the social media with variable depression as a mediator. Model has been tested on the sample size of 132. Also, research design of the current study is cross sectional. the foundation of this study is based on the (CLT) cognitive load theory which gave insight on effects of social media on the minds of the individuals. A report claimed that Facebook has broke its own records of usage during the pandemic. The existing study has also explored every possible mechanism of fake news countering that is being created by the Facebook pages of the real and actual newscast. However, it also uses the advertisement for disseminating the real, actual or correct information. This research will also be developing the great and more understanding among the effect of SMA, self-regulation, and cyberbullying with the impact of depression as a mediator on the fatigue of social media in pandemic times. For Karachi respondents, a close ended questionnaire has been designed in order to test the research models. Respondents were social media’s adolescent users in Karachi, Pakistan. Untruth news sharing, cyberbullying, and self- regulation has indirectly projected the social media fatigue in the presence of depression as a mediator. Moreover, due to the current study limitations, it is suggested to conduct more studies in the future on the same variables in different regions.

Addressing Interpersonal Harm in Online Gaming Communities: The Opportunities and Challenges for a Restorative Justice Approach

Most social media platforms implement content moderation to address interpersonal harms such as harassment. Content moderation relies on offender-centered, punitive approaches, e.g., bans and content removal. We consider an alternative justice framework, restorative justice, which aids victims in healing, supports offenders in repairing the harm, and engages community members in addressing the harm collectively. To assess the utility of restorative justice in addressing online harm, we interviewed 23 users from Overwatch gaming communities, including moderators, victims, and offenders; such communities are particularly susceptible to harm, with nearly three quarters of all online game players suffering from some form of online abuse. We study how the communities currently handle harm cases through the lens of restorative justice and examine their attitudes toward implementing restorative justice processes. Our analysis reveals that cultural, technical, and resource-related obstacles hinder implementation of restorative justice within the existing punitive framework despite online community needs and existing structures to support it. We discuss how current content moderation systems can embed restorative justice goals and practices and overcome these challenges.

Beyond “Online Notice-Me”: Analysing Online Harassment Experiences of Journalists in Nigeria

ABSTRACT Journalists are increasingly reporting that online harassment has become a normative part of their lives, and that online harassment experience induces fatigue, anxiety, and self-censorship on them. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with journalists in Nigeria, this study reports that journalists experienced acute, chronic or perennial, and escalatory harassments of intense nature. The study indicates that acute forms of online harassments were dismissed, amongst others as “online show-off”, “online banter” and “online notice-me”. Thereby misrecognising online harassments as forms of efficiency-focused media criticism. Our data further show that gender is not a triggering factor to online harassment of journalists. However, political, and investigative reporting is seen as a factor. Journalists reported improved systematic intervention from media organisations and their individual coping strategies, including engaging in self-censorship among others, as coping strategies for online harassment. Suggestions for future research areas were delineated.

Online Harassment and Trolling of Political Journalists in Pakistan

ABSTRACT This study examines the online harassment faced by political journalists in Pakistan on Twitter, specifically focusing on the actions of users affiliated with various political parties. By selecting the 12 most active journalists on Twitter, we combined both content and textual analyses to examine comments posted on their tweets. Drawing upon the theoretical framework of the practice-based theoretical approach, the findings reveal that these journalists predominantly encountered negative comments encompassing personal abuses, culturally sensitive expressions, and attacks on their professional lives. Commenters associated with the populist political party, Pakistan Tehreek Insaaf, were more likely to engage in uncivil comments compared to those affiliated with traditional political parties. Interestingly, both male and female journalists received a comparable number of comments on their tweets; however, the nature of the comments differed significantly. Male journalists were primarily criticized for their perceived lack of professionalism, whereas female journalists were subjected to gender-targeted offensive comments. The study highlighted how socio-cultural conditions were exploited by political parties and netizens to suppress critical journalists. Overall, this research sheds light on the multifaceted dynamics of harassment faced by journalists in the digital age, emphasizing the need for effective measures to safeguard freedom of expression and counteract online abuse within the Pakistani media landscape.

To think of interdisciplinarity as intercurrence: Or, working as an interdisciplinary team to develop an ML tool to tackle online gender-based violence and hate speech

The paper reflects on the working of an interdisciplinary team consisting of researchers and activists from the field of computer science and social sciences involved in developing a user-facing, browser plug-in to detect and moderate instances of online gender-based violence, hate speech and harassment in Hindi, Indian English, and Tamil. There have been multiple calls within the field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) to include qualitative methods in one’s research design. These calls, while attuned to the importance of qualitative methods for HCI, ignore the intercurrent nature of different research methods, disciplines and practices. The paper borrows the concept of intercurrence from Orren & Skowronek (1996) and reorients it to explicate the practice of interdisciplinary research. It argues that intercurrence i.e. (in between, an occurrence within an occurrence) is a useful image to perceive interdisciplinarity wherein we argue that at any given point, an interdisciplinary team navigates multiple, yet simultaneously occurring temporal dimensions of differently disciplined bodies. An awareness of these multiple temporalities adds another dimension to thinking about conflicts and possibilities emerging from interdisciplinary practices and reorients interdisciplinary research towards unexpected outcomes.

Successful and Emerging Cyberbullying Prevention Programs: A Narrative Review of Seventeen Interventions Applied Worldwide

The advent of the internet has channeled more online-related tasks into our lives and they have become a pre-requisite. One of the concerns with high internet usage is the multiplication of cyber-associated risky behaviors such as cyber aggression and/or cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is an emerging issue that needs immediate attention from many stakeholders. The aim of this study is to review existing successful and emerging interventions designed to prevent cyberbullying by engaging individuals through teacher professional development and adopting a whole-school approach. The review presents the strengths and limitations of the programs and suggestions to improve existing interventions. Preparing interventions with a strong theoretical framework, integrating the application of theories in interventions, promoting proactive and reactive strategies in combination, beginning with baseline needs assessment surveys, reducing time on digital devices and the digital divide among parents and children, promoting the concepts of lead trainer, peer trainer, and hot spots, focusing on physical activity, and use of landmarks are some of the recommendations proposed by the authors. In addition to face-to-face intervention sessions, it is suggested to update existing intervention programs with games and apps and to evaluate this combination.

Cyber Bullying

Cyber bullying or cyber harassment is a form of bullying or harassment using electronic means. Cyber bullying and cyber harassment are also known as online bullying. It has become increasingly common, especially among teenagers and adolescents, due to the communication technology advancements and young people's increased use of such technologies. Cyber bullying is when someone, typically a teenager, bullies or harasses others on the internet and other digital spaces, particularly on social media sites.

Unraveling the Complex Interactions of Psychological Factors Contributing to Cyber Reactive Aggression Among College Students: Network and Mediation Analyses.

Cyber reactive aggression (CRA) among college students is a prevalent and harmful phenomenon. Psychological characteristics, such as trait anger (TA), hostile attribution bias (HAB), and revenge motivation (RM), are known to contribute to reactive aggression. However, the interactions between these factors in the context of cyberspace and their contribution to CRA among college students have not been extensively studied. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the associations among psychological characteristics, demographic factors, and CRA among Chinese college students through Mixed Graphical Model (MGM) network and mediation effect analyses. A total of 926 participants completed questionnaires assessing TA, HAB, RM, and CRA. The study found both direct and indirect relationships between TA and CRA, with HAB and RM serving as mediating factors. Comparisons indicated that HAB had a more significant impact on the three indirect effects than RM. Furthermore, gender was found to be associated with TA and CRA, while the left-behind experience strongly influenced HAB but had no association with other variables. This study highlights the importance of considering psychological characteristics and demographic factors in understanding CRA among college students, suggesting that effective psychological interventions, such as anger management, and promoting positive attribution training, may help reduce CRA among college students and inform the development of targeted interventions to reduce cyber aggression.

Issues and Challenges Associated with Women Empowerment in Present-Day Society

Women empowerment is a critical aspect of societal progress, yet women continue to face numerous challenges hindering their advancement. This article explores the present-day issues and obstacles that impede women's empowerment, encompassing economic disparities, limited access to education and healthcare, gender-based violence, and political underrepresentation. The article also examines the impact of cultural norms, online harassment, unpaid care work, and intersectionality on women's empowerment. By recognizing and addressing these challenges, society can work towards fostering gender equality and creating an inclusive environment that empowers women to realize their full potential.

TANTANGAN GURU PAI DALAM PEMBENTUKAN AKHLAK ERA REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0: LITERATURE REVIEW

Progress in science and technology can be enjoyed by mankind, but on the other hand it has a negative impact on education, especially in the current millennial era which is very closely related to morals. Students experience many changes in attitude, they are used to the flow of information and industrial technology 4.0. Attitudes that emerge include gadget addiction, cyber bullying, or even a decline in morals or morals. So that it is appropriate for Islamic religious teachers to think about the right efforts in dealing with changes in the behavior of students in this 4.0 era. This study aims to reveal and explain the challenges faced by Islamic Religious Education teachers in the formation of student morals in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0. as well as the efforts made by the teacher in facing the challenges of moral formation. The method used in this study is a qualitative method using a library research approach. The results of this study are the challenges faced by PAI teachers in forming morals, namely a). The rapid development and progress of science and technology, b). Declining morals, manners, and behavior, c). Critical society, including crime, violence, unemployment d). Free trade rampant. Efforts made by teachers in facing challenges in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 are a). Mastering the subject matter, science, information and technology that will be taught b). Reflects exemplary behavior and attitudes, c). Love and commitment to the profession, d). Mastering a variety of methods and strategies, e) Being open in the face of renewal and insight.

The Use of a Large Language Model for Cyberbullying Detection

The dominance of social media has added to the channels of bullying for perpetrators. Unfortunately, cyberbullying (CB) is the most prevalent phenomenon in today’s cyber world, and is a severe threat to the mental and physical health of citizens. This opens the need to develop a robust system to prevent bullying content from online forums, blogs, and social media platforms to manage the impact in our society. Several machine learning (ML) algorithms have been proposed for this purpose. However, their performances are not consistent due to high class imbalance and generalisation issues. In recent years, large language models (LLMs) like BERT and RoBERTa have achieved state-of-the-art (SOTA) results in several natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Unfortunately, the LLMs have not been applied extensively for CB detection. In our paper, we explored the use of these models for cyberbullying (CB) detection. We have prepared a new dataset (D2) from existing studies (Formspring and Twitter). Our experimental results for dataset D1 and D2 showed that RoBERTa outperformed other models.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ МОРАЛЬНЫХ ЦЕННОСТЕЙ МОЛОДЕЖИ В ПОЛЕ ЦИФРОВОЙ КОММУНИКАЦИИ

The article is devoted to the analysis of the use of digital technologies by young people to achieve their goals, in violation of generally accepted norms of morality. The digital environment, due to its specifics of building relationships between people, can reduce the limitations of moral behavior when using digital tools. Young people often resort to one or another type of cyber aggression, which causes significant moral and psychological damage to the person it is directed at. It is obvious that teenagers and young people do not always know how to resort to self-regulation in the digital space, which differs significantly in stereotypes of building relationships from real life. Digital culture as a task of digital socialization includes the education of behavioral stereotypes based on special social responsibility in the digital environment. As a research methodology, the concepts of social education and social development of a person in a digital society, as well as the concepts of life strategies of a person focused on basic values - deontological, consequentialist, contractarian and existentialist - were used in the work...

Stress, Suicidality, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Emotional Distress, and Social Isolation Among U.S. Adults Experiencing Online Abuse or Harassment

Stress, Suicidality, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Emotional Distress, and Social Isolation Among U.S. Adults Experiencing Online Abuse or Harassment

Digital Scarlet Letter on Journalists: Weaponized Harassment Against Journalists in South Korea

ABSTRACT This article seeks to contribute to the existing research on journalist harassment by examining the experiences of Korean journalists who have faced online harassment. While extensive research has been conducted on this issue, there is a need for comparative studies to understand the unique patterns and underlying causes in different nations. The objectives of this article are to explore the experiences of Korean journalists subjected to online harassment, identify the factors they perceive as triggers for such harassment, understand the impacts it has on them, and examine their coping strategies with such incidents. One of the key findings of this research is the significant stress caused by specific shaming websites that aim to insult and discredit targeted journalists. Additionally, this study delves into the impact of online harassment on journalists’ self-censorship practice, where they may avoid covering controversial issues or skew their coverage towards less sensitive perspectives.