Cut Method Research Articles

Impact of stunning method on blood loss in broilers during exsanguination with 2 different neck cut methods

Impact of stunning method on blood loss in broilers during exsanguination with 2 different neck cut methods

A Brief Analysis and Interpretation on Arithmetic Operations of Fuzzy Numbers

Fuzzy set theory is a generalized form of crisp set theory where elements are binary inclusion forms. In fuzzy set, it differs with degree of membership for every element in the set. There are several strategies for arithmetic operations on fuzzy numbers. Previous studies show that there are many approaches, such as the α−cut technique, extension principle, vertex method, etc., to execute arithmetic operations on fuzzy numbers. In this study we perform details analysis and interpretation on arithmetic operations based on the α−cut method in a new way.

On Eigenmeasures Under Fourier Transform

Several classes of tempered measures are characterised that are eigenmeasures of the Fourier transform, the latter viewed as a linear operator on (generally unbounded) Radon measures on mathbb {R}hspace{0.5pt}^d. In particular, we classify all periodic eigenmeasures on mathbb {R}hspace{0.5pt}, which gives an interesting connection with the discrete Fourier transform and its eigenvectors, as well as all eigenmeasures on mathbb {R}hspace{0.5pt} with uniformly discrete support. An interesting subclass of the latter emerges from the classic cut and project method for aperiodic Meyer sets. Finally, we construct a large class of eigenmeasures with locally finite support that is not uniformly discrete and has large gaps around 0.

Measuring the attenuation length of muon number in the air shower with muon detectors of 3/4 LHAASO array

LHAASO KM2A consists of 5915 scintillation detectors and 1188 muon detectors, and the muon detectors cover 4% area of the whole array with 30 m interdetector spacing. The muon number in air shower events, with very high energy, is investigated with the data recorded by muon detector of the 3/4 LHAASO array in 2021. The attenuation length of muon number in the air shower is measured by fitting the muon number with constant flux in various zenith angles, based on the constant intensity cut method. The variation of the attenuation length as shower energy from hundreds TeV to tens PeV is presented. The results of simulation also is presented for comparing.

Quotient of quotient graph a novel approach to compute π‐conjugated dendrimer and predict its properties

AbstractThe role of dendrimers is getting updated and grabbing immense attention in many fields. Dendrimers are used in a broad spectrum, in specific, it is widely utilized in drug delivery, for targeted carrier and specific action. Also, in drug catalysis, it improves the solubility of poorly soluble drugs and increases the stability of active ingredients within the cores. Many researchers are interested in developing new dendrimers by using various compounds. ‐conjugated dendrimers via truxenes and thienylethynylene units, are considered a promising material in the field of medicinal chemistry, bio‐organic, and environmental sciences. In QSAR/QSPR, the structural analysis of chemical compounds is examined by topological descriptors. In this article, the various distance‐based topological indices such as Wiener, Szeged, and Mostar of gradient star‐persistent ‐conjugated dendrimers are determined. Since gradient star‐persistent ‐conjugated dendrimers have odd cycles, the usual cut method is not applicable, therefore we use a new concept, the quotient of quotient graph to determine the numerical expression of various indices. An analysis of linear regression reveals that degree‐based topological descriptors predict better physicochemical properties.

Elucidation of anti-hyperglycemic activity of Psidium guajava L. leaves extract on streptozotocin induced neonatal diabetic Long-Evans rats

BackgroundPsidium guajava L (Guava) belongs to the Myrtaceae family and has been claimed to possess several pharmacological properties including antidiabetic. ObjectiveThis study was designed to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic activity of P guajava L leaves aqueous extract on neonatal streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic model rats. MethodsStreptozotocin was induced (90 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to 48 h old Long Evans rat pups. After three months, 18 male type-2 diabetic model rats were confirmed by OGTT (FG > 7 mmol/L). Therefore, experimental rats were divided into three groups 2) Diabetic water control (10 ml/kg), 3) Gliclazide treated (20 mg/kg), and 4) Extract treated group (1.25g/kg)] Six normal female rats comprised group 1 [Non-diabetic water control (10 ml/kg)]. All rats were treated orally with their respective treatment for 28 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected on 0 days (by tail cut method) and the end day (by cardiac puncture) of the experiment. The anti-hyperglycemic activity was evaluated by measuring fasting glucose, serum insulin, lipid profile, hepatic glycogen content, and intestinal glucose absorption by standard methods. ResultsThe serum glucose level of extract treated group was decreased by 16% as well as significantly (p<0.05) increased the serum insulin level (M±SD, 0 day vs 28thday; 0.319 ± 0.110 vs 0.600 ± 0.348, μg/L). Moreover, the extract-treated group also significantly (p<0.05) enhanced liver glycogen content and inhibited glucose absorption from the upper intestine. Besides, a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of LDL-cholesterol level was found in the extract-treated group (M±SD, 55 ± 33 vs 14 ± 9, mg/dl) compared with baseline values where other groups did not show any statistically remarkable changes. ConclusionCurrent study concludes that P guajava leaves aqueous extract enhances insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells and promotes glycogen synthesis in the liver. The extract also inhibits glucose absorption from the upper intestine and improves dyslipidemia to some extent. Therefore, possesses the potential for drug development against T2DM.

Szeged index of hollow hexagons

AbstractThe Szeged index of a connected graph () is a well known distance based topological index. A primitive coronoid system is a coronoid system formed by a single chain in a macro‐cyclic arrangement consisting of linearly and angularly annelated hexagons. The angular hexagons are called corners. A hollow hexagon is a primitive coronoid system with exactly six corners. In this paper we calculate the values of Szeged index of hollow hexagons using the cut method.

Numerical modelling of hook and claw-type vacuum pump performance based on cut cell Cartesian method

Vacuum pump is widely used in aviation, chemical, semiconductor and other fields because of its superior performance. In order to study the internal flow characteristics and pump performance, 1-D Chamber Model method and the CFD modelling method based on static grid are commonly used, such methods ignore many important three-dimensional transient flow details. However, in numerical modelling of three-dimensional transient flow field for hook and claw-type vacuum pump with cusps in the rotor profile, the generation of flow field grid is always a challenge. The body-fitted mesh method is difficult to generate effective dynamic grid for such kind of fluid domain, which usually leads to the divergence of calculation. In order to solve these problems, the cut cell Cartesian method is proposed to simulate the three-dimensional transient flow field in hook and claw-type vacuum pump. Firstly, the mathematical basis of the cut cell Cartesian method was introduced in detail, in which the immersed boundary method (IBM) was combined with the generation process of adaptive Cartesian volume mesh. Aiming at modelling the hook and claw-type vacuum pump, firstly, the profile design method of hook and claw-type vacuum pump was derived, and the geometric model of the calculation domain was established. The transient flow field characteristics of the vacuum pump with different inter-lobe clearance sizes were analyzed, and the velocity, pressure, vortices and temperature characteristics inside the vacuum pump were obtained. The influence of clearance variation on the performance of the vacuum pump was discussed. The feasibility and accuracy of the method were verified by a study case of a two-stroke reciprocating piston pump. The research provides a good reference for dynamic grid generation and precise numerical simulation of hook and claw-type vacuum pump.

Mechanism analysis and prediction of longitudinal cut wave pattern resistance based on CFD simulation

Inspired by ITTC 2021 (International Towing Tank Conference), this paper implements the Longitudinal Cut Method (LCM), a methodology to predict wave pattern resistance (Rwp), within Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation to explore its mechanism and feasibility in predicting wave resistance (Rw). To accurately predict the free surface, a validation study, including the grid convergence index (GCI), wave profile, and wave pattern, is conducted for a Series 60 ship model. Next, Rwp is appropriately evaluated and compared with the experiment. The influence of the transverse wave component on the LCM analysis is also discussed. Furthermore, a comparison between the EFD (Experimental Fluid Dynamics) and CFD-based LCM is made through the analysis of the Wigley Catamaran, highlighting the advantages of the present approach. Finally, the limitations of the LCM theory are systematically discussed with the nonlinear bow wave analysis of a wall-sided ship model by introducing the local adaptive mesh refinement (LAMR) approach. For the fine hull form, LCM has been validated as a suitable methodology for directly predicting Rw and consequently the other primary resistance components (frictional resistance Rf and viscous pressure resistance Rpv) by one simulation. In contrast, due to energy dissipation of the non-negligible nonlinear local field wave component in the downstream wake region, Rw could be underestimated for the full hull form.

Numerical investigation on nonlinear ship waves by LCM and WSAM

This paper investigates the nonlinear ship waves by implementing the longitudinal cut method (LCM) and wake survey analysis method (WSAM) in the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. LCM is first implemented and validated for a Series 60, Cb = 0.6 ship model to guarantee accurate prediction of the wave pattern resistance (Rwp). To illustrate the reliability, WSAM is performed for a wall-sided model, incorporating the local adaptive mesh refinement (LAMR) and surface tension models to capture nonlinear bow waves. Far and near-field wave patterns and momentum loss resistance (RML) are compared with the experiment.With the well-predicted nonlinear bow waves, the velocity discontinuity property across the nonlinear wavefront and the vortex motion beneath the nonlinear waves are clearly observed by velocity vector and Q-criteria iso-surface visualization. By LCM and WSAM analysis, the discrepancy between wave resistance (Rw) and Rwp is attributed to the nonlinearity in ship waves, and expression to evaluate this part of resistance (Rnw) is discussed and summarized. Finally, the influence of velocity and draft on Rnw and bow wave angle (β) is systematically analyzed and discussed. This study hopes to provide insights to evaluate the nonlinearity in ship waves and further understand its underlying mechanism.

Surrogate modeling for interactive tunnel track design using the cut finite element method

Surrogate modeling for interactive tunnel track design using the cut finite element method

A green production routing problem for medical nitrous oxide: Model and solution approach

The impact of climate change and the global efforts to address it have made environmental considerations increasingly important. Industries and transportation, being major energy consumers, play a significant role in global warming and must reduce their pollutants. This paper presents a bi-objective production routing problem aimed at minimizing the total Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and cost, taking into account real-world constraints and data from a single-plant, multi-distribution center, gaseous-pharmaceutical supply chain with a heterogeneous delivery fleet. The modeling takes into account the GHG emissions from the production process of the product being delivered. A branch and cut method is used in combination with multi-objective fuzzy goal programming to solve the problem. The results show that the proposed model reduces total costs while also reducing GHG emissions compared to the current method used in the case study.

A Study on Efficient Technique for Generating Vertex-based Topological Characterization of Boric Acid 2D Structure.

The computational technique called the cut method is used to predict the natural behaviors among the chemical network's physicochemical characteristics, known as topological indices. Distance-based indices are used to describe the physical density of chemical networks. In this paper, we have done analytical computation results for the vertex-distance-based and vertex-degree-based indices for boric acid hydrogen-bonded 2D lattice sheet. Boric acid is an inorganic compound with low toxicity when applied to the skin or eaten. A graphical representation is used to explain a thorough comparison of the computed topological indices of hydrogen-bonded 2D lattice sheets of boric acid.

Stabilized cut discontinuous Galerkin methods for advection–reaction problems on surfaces

We develop a novel cut discontinuous Galerkin (CutDG) method for stationary advection–reaction problems on surfaces embedded in Rd. The CutDG method is based on embedding the surface into a full-dimensional background mesh and using the associated discontinuous piecewise polynomials of order k as test and trial functions. As the surface can cut through the mesh in an arbitrary fashion, we design a suitable stabilization that enables us to establish inf-sup stability, a priori error estimates, and condition number estimates using an augmented streamline-diffusion norm. The resulting CutDG formulation is geometrically robust in the sense that all derived theoretical results hold with constants independent of any particular cut configuration. Numerical examples support our theoretical findings.

Multi-item economic production quantity model under single valued bipolar neutrosophic environment based on possibilistic theory

It is challenging for a decision-maker to decide a proper decision in severe situations of multi-aspirated real-life problems.So there is always an ambiguity in the mind of decision maker. Keeping such vagueness in mind, this paper aims to incorporate some situation parameters imprecise in nature. The imprecise parameters are taken in single-valued bipolar neutrosophic environments. Different arithmetic operations on the single-valued bipolar neutrosophic number using the (α, β) cut method are proposed in this paper. Using this we have calculated the possibility mean of single valued bipolar neutrosophic numbers. A multi-item economic production quantity model with one time only discount is considered here with some parameters in single valued bipolar neutrosophic number as a case study of our proposed work. A possibilistic mean de-fuzzification technique is used here using possibility measures. Finally, numerical illustration and sensitivity analysis is done for different variables to emphasize the excellence of our proposed work.

The cut method on hypergraphs for the Wiener index

The cut method has been proved to be extremely useful in chemical graph theory. In this paper the cut method is extended to hypergraphs. More precisely, the method is developed for the Wiener index of k-uniform partial cube-hypergraphs. The method is applied to cube-hypergraphs and hypertrees. Extensions of the method to hypergraphs arising in chemistry which are not necessary k-uniform and/or not necessary linear are also developed.

Liver PDFF estimation using a multi-decoder water-fat separation neural network with a reduced number of echoes

ObjectiveTo accurately estimate liver PDFF from chemical shift-encoded (CSE) MRI using a deep learning (DL)-based Multi-Decoder Water-Fat separation Network (MDWF-Net), that operates over complex-valued CSE-MR images with only 3 echoes.MethodsThe proposed MDWF-Net and a U-Net model were independently trained using the first 3 echoes of MRI data from 134 subjects, acquired with conventional 6-echoes abdomen protocol at 1.5 T. Resulting models were then evaluated using unseen CSE-MR images obtained from 14 subjects that were acquired with a 3-echoes CSE-MR pulse sequence with a shorter duration compared to the standard protocol. Resulting PDFF maps were qualitatively assessed by two radiologists, and quantitatively assessed at two corresponding liver ROIs, using Bland Altman and regression analysis for mean values, and ANOVA testing for standard deviation (STD) (significance level: .05). A 6-echo graph cut was considered ground truth.ResultsAssessment of radiologists demonstrated that, unlike U-Net, MDWF-Net had a similar quality to the ground truth, despite it considered half of the information. Regarding PDFF mean values at ROIs, MDWF-Net showed a better agreement with ground truth (regression slope = 0.94, R2 = 0.97) than U-Net (regression slope = 0.86, R2 = 0.93). Moreover, ANOVA post hoc analysis of STDs showed a statistical difference between graph cuts and U-Net (p < .05), unlike MDWF-Net (p = .53).ConclusionMDWF-Net showed a liver PDFF accuracy comparable to the reference graph cut method, using only 3 echoes and thus allowing a reduction in the acquisition times.Clinical relevance statementWe have prospectively validated that the use of a multi-decoder convolutional neural network to estimate liver proton density fat fraction allows a significant reduction in MR scan time by reducing the number of echoes required by 50%.Key Points• Novel water-fat separation neural network allows for liver PDFF estimation by using multi-echo MR images with a reduced number of echoes.• Prospective single-center validation demonstrated that echo reduction leads to a significant shortening of the scan time, compared to standard 6-echo acquisition.• Qualitative and quantitative performance of the proposed method showed no significant differences in PDFF estimation with respect to the reference technique.

Generalized Cut Method for Computing Szeged–Like Polynomials with Applications to Polyphenyls and Carbon Nanocones

Szeged, Padmakar-Ivan (PI), and Mostar indices are some of the most investigated distance-based Szeged-like topological indices. On the other hand, the polynomials related to these topological indices were also introduced, for example the Szeged polynomial, the edgeSzeged polynomial, the PI polynomial, the Mostar polynomial, etc. In this paper, we introduce a concept of the general Szeged-like polynomial for a connected strength-weighted graph. It turns out that this concept includes all the above mentioned polynomials and also infinitely many other graph polynomials. As the main result of the paper, we prove a cut method which enables us to efficiently calculate a Szeged-like polynomial by using the corresponding polynomials of strength-weighted quotient graphs obtained by a partition of the edge set that is coarser than Θ∗ -partition. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first implementation of the famous cut method to graph polynomials. Finally, we show how the deduced cut method can be applied to calculate some Szeged-like polynomials and corresponding topological indices of para-polyphenyl chains and carbon nanocones.

Geotechnical modeling of the method for mining cobalt deposits at the Bou Azzer Mine, Morocco

Purpose. The Bou Azzer Mine encounters difficulties during cobalt mining. In order to select the optimal mining sequence with the least geotechnical stability problems, one possible variant is the cut and backfill mining method used in the Bou Azzer East area at a depth of 540 m. Methods. This paper presents a methodology for selecting a sequence of the cut and backfill mining method using 2D geotechnical numerical modeling, taking into account the morphological characteristics, geomechanical properties of the ore and the surrounding rocks. Findings. The sequences of mining with rock backfill and rock-cemented backfill show that the high principal stress (Sigma 1) is in the range of 10-153 MPa, and the safety factors are in the range of 0.63-1.89. Therefore, mining sequences with cemented backfill and under cemented backfill have a principal stress (Sigma 1) in the range of 10-112 MPa and acceptable safety factors. Originality. In this study, the bottom-up mining sequence with a cemented backfill is proposed for the case of low-quality serpentine footwall. This mining sequence aims to achieve good cobalt mine production and provides a safe environment for miners. Practical implications. In the mining industry, the choice of mining method using 2D or 3D geotechnical numerical mo-deling is important to ensure the safest and most operational mining sequence in the mine lifetime.

3D shape reconstruction of Japanese traditional puppet head from CT images by graph cut and machine learning methods

In this study, we discuss the digital archiving of Japanese traditional puppets. We propose two methods for extracting the puppet head shape from computed tomography (CT) images. The first is the graph cut method, and the second is a machine learning method based on U-Net. According to the experimental results of the extraction of puppet heads from CT images, the U-Net-based method can extract puppet heads more accurately than the graph cut method. Moreover, the U-Net-based method can extract puppet heads with multiple materials. However, the extraction of metal parts is inaccurate because of metal artefacts in the X-ray CT images and insufficient learning data.