Customary Forest Research Articles

LAND AS THE SOUL OF THE NATION: IMPLICATIONS OF THE TRANSITION OF LAND STATUS IN THE TALANG MAMAK CUSTOMARY LAW COMMUNITY

The land reflects the identity and spirit of the nation that are ingrained in the life of the Talang Mamak indigenous community, in addition to serving as an economic resource. Change in land status has several implications for their relationship with the land and its management. The purpose of this study is to examine the position of land for the Talang Mamak indigenous people. In addition, it analyses the implications of changing the status of land from customary forest to national park forest. This qualitative study employs the sociological law research approach by looking into the legal facts of the indigenous society of Talang Mamak in light of their relationship, ownership, and management of land. The main finding of this study is that the value of that land, due to its significant meaning and position, cannot be isolated from the Talang Mamak indigenous people. Nevertheless, the change in land status has created gaps and limited rights in forest management, highlighting several implications for the identity of the Talang Mamak indigenous people.

Institutional Capacity and Sustainability of Customary Forests: Customary Forest Management in Rantau Kermas Village

Institutional Capacity and Sustainability of Customary Forests: Customary Forest Management in Rantau Kermas Village

Forest As a Living Space: Rulership and Management in the Tenganan Pegringsingan Customary Forest, Karangasem Regency, Bali

Humans control their cultural environment, which is associated with biotic and abiotic environments, resulting in environmental sustainability. The indigenous community's existence in managing environmental resources must be examined more deeply from the perspective of human ecology. Therefore, this research aimed to examine and analyze the management of resources and environment, mainly the customary forest in the Tenganan Pegringsingan indigenous community. This research employed a participatory observation and spatial ethnography paradigm to understand the pattern of the Tenganan Pegringsingan customary forest management based on customary law (awig-awig), legal delegation (The Customary Forest Decree), and the access of stakeholders to the customary forest. The customary forest governance involved krama desa, the land inheritance rights owners of the Tenganan Pegringsingan indigenous community, and Penyakap, immigrants/krama sesambahan tillers in the customary forest. These three stakeholders had different spatial access to the customary forest as a place and a space.

Inventory of Orchid Species in Customary Forest Area of Cipta Karya Village, Sungai Betung District, Bengkayang Regency

Orchids are one of the flowering plants that have many species and are widely distributed, as well as having different attractions and characteristics in each species and habitat. The aim of this research to inventory the types of orchids in Customary Forest Area of Cipta Karya Village, Bengkayang Regency. The research was conducted using the cruise method. The characteristics observed were the morphology of orchids such as roots, pseudobulbs, stems, leaves, and flowers. The inventory results found 13 species of orchids. Epiphytic orchids were found more commonly in this area, with a total of 9 species, while terrestrial orchids were found with 4 species. The epiphytic orchid species foundware composed of Appendicula sp., Bulbophyllum sp., Coelogyne speciosa, Cymbidium sp., Dendrobium crumenatum, Dendrobium anosmum, Luisia sp., Micropera pallida and Oberonia sp. The terrestrial orchid species found ware composed of Acanthephippium javanicum, Malaxis latifolia, Nephelaphyllum pulchrum, and Spathoglottis plicata.

The role of indigenous people to the viability of traditional forest management: A case study from Imbo Putui Customary Forest

Local communities play a significant role in the sustainable customary forest management. This research aims to determine local community participation in customary forest management important to know how participation of the local. Data was conducted using a survey method using a quantitative approach. Data was acquired by distributing questionnaires and conducting interviews with respondents, who were indigenous people Kenegerian Petapahan. Determination of the number of samples using the Slovin formula. The formula for frequency analysis is utilized to analyze questionnaire data. The analysis reveals that the Kenegerian Petapahan indigenous people have a 60.04% participation rate in the administration of the Imbo Putui customary forest. Utilization achieved 69.23% (good), followed by monitoring and evaluation 64.23% (good), planning 51.85% (fairly good), and 49.33% (fairly good) for implementation. Therefore, it may be inferred that the integration of bioresource consumption by indigenous groups necessitates the augmentation of their involvement in the governance of said bioresources. Furthermore, the effective management of the Imbo Putui customary forest requires the collaboration and involvement of multiple stakeholders. This study holds significance as a valuable resource for decision-makers in shaping policies related to forest management, particularly in the context of biodiversity conservation initiatives that involve indigenous or local groups.

Forming Legal Culture in Customary Forest Management: Local Wisdom Approach of Customary Law Communities

Customary law communities in Indonesia firmly attach to customary forests in their territory. For generations, they have preserved and managed customary forests according to customary rules, either written or unwritten, that reflect local wisdom. This article aims to analyze customary law communities' local wisdom approach in forest management to realize legal compliance that reflects legal culture. It assesses local wisdom as the essential form of legal culture in customary forest management and scrutinizes efforts to strengthen local wisdom in forest management arrangements. This article reflects a socio-legal method that explores relevant statutory regulations and their implementation in society. The research and analysis suggest that the legal culture of customary law communities takes the form of compliance in managing forests due to the local wisdom they have internalized from generation to generation. Local wisdom in various regions in Indonesia is integrated with local rules that align with the function of customary law to create social order. It has also been found that several regional governments in Indonesia have made an effort to strengthen local wisdom. The regional government's recognition of the status of customary law communities as the actors in customary forest management has legitimated the local wisdom in protecting customary forests.

ANALISIS TINGGI TERBANG UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE TERHADAP KLASIFIKASI TUTUPAN LAHAN MENGGUNAKAN OBJECT BASED IMAGE ANALYSIS

The development of forest and land cover classification methods was currently increasing rapidly, one of which is by utilizing remote sensing applications, namely UAV technology. One method with high accuracy that can be used to classify forest and land cover is the object-based image analysis (OBIA) classification method. There is an assumption that the results of orthophoto shooting will look the same at a glance, but each orthophoto result also has a different spatial resolution and affects the detail of each OBIA segmentation. This makes this research important to do how to classify forest and land cover in the Ghimbo Pomuan customary forest, Kenegerian Kampa, Kampar Riau at different flying heights of the UAV. This study aims to map forest and land cover classes based on the UAV flight height and analyze the UAV flight altitude on the resulting land cover classification. The method used is exploration and processing of UAV imagery. Starting with the preparation and determination of observation points, forest and land cover classification using the OBIA method at several UAV flight heights and data analysis. In the Ghimbo Pomuan customary forest area, several land cover classifications were produced using OBIA. The land cover classes include water bodies, forests, oil palm plantations and shrubs. Classification of land cover in the water body class has a tendency of under segmentation at UAV flight height of 120 m. Object details in the oil palm and shrub land cover class were higher at UAV flight heights of 100 m than at 120 m and 130 m, whereas in the forest class there was no difference.

Cek Bocek Selesek Reen Sury Traditional Legal Community In Sumbawa (1512 – 2023)

This research aims to determine the history of the Cek Bocek indigenous community in Sumbawa and the fundamental differences between the general community in Sumbawa. This research uses the historical method. In this case, all documents considered important in the Cek Bocek traditional community will be used as one discussion narrated by taking the essence or main points. The existence of the Cek Bocek traditional community in Sumbawa began in 1492, and in 1512, the form of government of the Selesek chiefdom led by Dewa Datu Awan Maskuing began. The fundamental difference between the Cek Bocek Selesek Reen Sury indigenous community and other communities in Sumbawa lies in the language used, called the Berco language. The Cek Bocek indigenous communities have traditional institutions and mechanisms for meeting meetings, which are referred to as Rapulun Adat and are led by one traditional leader as tribal head, and have a jointly protected customary area which is outlined in a participatory map approved by the village government, and has different traditional rituals such as NABAR (Tulak Bala), Pungka Inu (customary forest welfare), zakat alms every post-harvest season, Enang Uran (asking for rain) in Tiu Mareng. Also, customary law rules and property are left behind to maintain ancestral traditions

Karakteristik Madu Kelulut (Heterotrigona itama) dari Hutan Adat Ghimbo Pomuan Kabupaten Kampar

Information about the characteristics of honey on the market, including kelulut honey, is not widely known by consumers, even though the characteristics or quality of honey that meet quality standards is very important for consumers. This study aims to 1) test the characteristics of kelulut honey (Heterotrigona itama) from Ghimbo Pomuan Customary Forest, Kampar Regency, 2) compare the characteristic parameters of kelulut honey with standard values in SNI 8664-2018. The procedure for testing the characteristics of honey refers to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 8664─2018. Data analysis was carried out descriptively. The results showed that the characteristics of kelulut honey in the study had a distinctive smell and taste of honey, enzyme activity above 0 DN, Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) <0.0015 mg/kg, water content 29% w/w, reducing sugar 54.27% w/w, sucrose 1.31% w/w, acidity 201.91 mL NaOH/kg, water-insoluble solids 0.04% w/w, ash 0.30% w/w, lead contamination (Pb) 0.71 mg/w kg, and cadmium (Cd) contamination <0.16 mg/kg. Variable characteristics of kelulut honey that meet the quality incision values of SNI 8664─2018, namely HMF, sucrose, water-insoluble solids, ash, lead metal and cadmium metal contamination. The characteristic variables that do not meet the quality requirements are the activity of enzymes above, reducing sugars, water content, and acidity.

Tergerusnya kearifan lokal orang Mapur di tengah ekspansi Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit PT. GPL di Dusun Air Abik, Kabupaten Bangka

This research was conducted with the aim of explaining the erosion of local wisdom among the Mapur people in the utilization of forests amidst the expansion of oil palm plantations by PT. GPL in the Air Abik Hamlet, Bangka Regency. The research used a qualitative descriptive approach. The data collection process was carried out through interviews, observations, documentation, and various secondary data sources, including official documents, mass media reports, scientific articles, books, papers, and previous research reports discussing the Mapur community. The results of this research indicate that since the era of regional autonomy, the local wisdom possessed by the Mapur people has been disrupted due to the presence of oil palm plantation companies, predominantly PT. GPL, expanding land, especially in the Mapur people's customary forests. This expansion, whether realized or not, has taken over most of the customary forest land that has been guarded and preserved for their livelihoods. In addition, the knowledge held by this community about environmental conservation, including the use of natural medicines, codes of conduct, traditional rituals (beume), nujuh jerami, as well as local wisdom about forest utilization, is also gradually eroded along with their existence. The loss of these traditions and local wisdom also means the loss of the identity of the Mapur people, who are the oldest Malay tribe on Bangka Island, living in harmony and wisdom with nature.

Cultural Values and Behaviors of the Dayak and Malay Communities in the Social Forestry Program in Kapuas Hulu, West Kalimantan

This article explores the cultural values and behaviors of the Dayak and Malay communities in supporting the Social Forestry Program in the Northern Kapuas Hulu Forest Management Unit (FMU), Kapuas Hulu District, West Kalimantan. The research aims to understand the cultural values and behaviors of the Dayak and Malay communities that can significantly contribute to the success of the social forestry program. The research method involves literature review and in-depth interviews with traditional community figures and experts in community engagement. The study was conducted under the Foreign Grant Project from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Data for the research was collected from 2021 to 2022. The main findings of this research include the necessity of high respect for the Dayak community's ancestors and an understanding of the key role of traditional figures in determining the program's success. The results of the social forestry program applications in three villages in Northern Kapuas Hulu FMU, including three schemes: Customary Forest, Village Forest, and Conservation Partnership, were approved covering a total of 16,031 Ha and benefiting 729 indigenous family households, including 228 women. The conclusion of this research highlights the importance of aligning social forestry schemes with community preferences and gaining full support from the Chief of the Adat. Intensive consultation processes are required to obtain community support, while a deep understanding of local culture and interaction with forest resources is crucial for success.

Penerapan Wisata Ramah Lingkungan di Hutan Adat Imbo Putui Desa Petapahan Kecamatan Tapung Kabupaten Kampar

One of the tourist attractions that can support the regional economy in Kampar Regency is the imbo putui customary forest located in Petapahan Village, Tapung District, Kampar Regency. The location has a clean river with large trees around it. Many residents who come from Pekanbaru and other areas deliberately visit the imbo putui forest. The application of environmentally friendly tourism is carried out by observing the imbo putui customary forest area in accordance with environmentally friendly criteria. The development and tourist attraction of the imbo putui customary forest will have an impact on the arrival of visitors to the imbo putui customary forest tourist attraction, which will increase the income of the Petapahan Village community. The tourism sector is a potential sector to be developed as a source of regional income. The development of tourism depends on the visits that come to visit the place. The increase in the number of visits that occurs is a mirror of the continued development of tourism, to maintain and increase the number of tourist visits.

Spatial Analysis of the Existence and Distribution of Medicinal Plants in Ghimbo Pomuan Customary Forest, Kampar Regency, Riau Province

Medicinal plants are included in the Non-Timber Forest Products group, which has a variety of benefits, especially for human life and high economic value. Its existence is abundant in one of the customary forests in Riau Province, Ghimbo Pomuan Customary Forest. For the preservation and planning of medicinal plant management activities, it is necessary to analyze the spatial distribution of medicinal plants and determine the relationship between accessibility factors and the presence of medicinal plants. This research aims to analyzed the spatial distribution pattern of medicinal plants, map the distribution of medicinal plants, and determine the factors that affect spatial distribution based on accessibility factors. This research was conducted between March and November 2023. This study found that Ghimbo Pomuan customary forest has 24 species of plants with a total of 324 medicinal plants.The seven medicinal plants with the highest number are kacip fatimah (Labisia pothoina) 106 individuals, mempening (Lithocarpus spp) 50 individuals, matoa (Pometia pinnata) 34 individuals, pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia) 32 individuals, binahong (Andredera cordifolia) 30 individuals, keladi tikus (Typhonium flagelliforme) 19 individuals and bintangur (Clophyllum soulatri) 9 individuals. The spatial distribution pattern of medicinal plants is clustered with the nearest neighbor index NNI 0.58. The most influencing factor is the distance from the river, which is then followed by the distance from the road and the distance from the settlement. The farther from the river, the number of medicinal plants tends to increase, the closer the distance from roads and settlements, the number of medicinal plants increases.

The Urgency of Protecting Customary Forests Based on The Principle of Local Wisdom in North Aceh

Objective: One of the issues raised in the research on the recognition of customary forests in North Aceh District concerns the issue of customary forests after the Constitutional Court (MK) decision No. 35/PUU-X/2012 regarding customary forests. Indigenous forests are now officially recognised as belonging to indigenous communities, no longer to the state. This recognition comes from During 2016 to 2021, forests in Aceh have experienced deforestation of 100,510 hectares of forest, thus Aceh's forest cover is currently 3,004,532 hectares. Methods: This research started from July 2023 to November 2023. This research is an empirical legal research with a qualitative approach that uses primary data and secondary data to obtain primary data, respondents and informants are determined. Results: The purpose of this study is to maximise Criminal Law Enforcement Against Forestry Crimes in Aceh, seeking related agencies and law enforcers to provide protection of customary forests based on local wisdom in forestry crimes and recognition from the Aceh government to determine or sort out which land is state forest and which is customary forest land so as to provide welfare for Indigenous Peoples, especially in this study in Aceh. Discussion: The recognition of customary forests in Aceh has been regulated in Qanun No. 7 of 2016 concerning Aceh Forestry, but in this study, namely North Aceh District and Central Aceh District, the recognition of customary forests is still not effective, among others, influenced by juridical factors, economic factors and community culture, and social factors.Against the Urgency of Indigenous Forest Protection Based on Local Wisdom Principles in Aceh, especially in this study in North Aceh District and Central Aceh District against law enforcement carried out in forestry crimes using customary sanctions in the form of paying fines such as, diyat, suloh, and sayam.

Impact assessment of new social forestry program on the accessibility and economic circumstances of the forest communities

The Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 9 of 2021 concerning Social Forestry (SF) is the latest regulation that simplifies the provision of access to the community. The regulation states that SF is a sustainable forest management system implemented in state forest areas or private forests (customary forests) carried out by local communities or customary law communities as the main actors to improve their welfare, environmental balance, and sociocultural dynamics. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of SF with new regulations. This study was conducted in a pine production forest in Ciamis Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. Respondents, as many as 88, were members of forest farmer groups with an area of 108 hectares. The SF activities at this location used pine and coffee cropping patterns. Interviews with SF farmers were employed in this study to gather information about the impact of the regulation’s issuance on economic factors and changes in forest access. The study results show that the new regulation increases community access to the forest, including being allowed to plant various plants that were prohibited by the previous regulation. In addition, forest concession rights have a longer duration, from five to 35 years, giving farmers more opportunities to gain economic benefits.

The Role of Customary Law in the Management and Protection of Customary Forests in the National Capital City (IKN)

Customary forests in the National Capital City (IKN) have an important role in the ecological, cultural and social sustainability of local communities. This research aims to examine the role of customary law in the management and protection of customary forests in the National Capital City (IKN). The method used in this research is the normative juridical method, namely by examining or analyzing secondary data consisting of literature and journals that discuss indigenous peoples and their customary rights. The application of customary law in the National Capital City (IKN) has provided a strong legal foundation for indigenous communities to safeguard their forests from illegal activities and adverse environmental changes. The research also identifies challenges and conflicts that arise in the implementation of customary law, including tensions with national law. The results of this study provide a deeper understanding of how customary law plays a role in the management and protection of customary forests in the National Capital City (IKN).

Strengthening Customary Forest Rights for Indigenous People in Indonesia Green Constitution Framework

The ongoing struggle of indigenous people fighting for their rights to preserve the customary forests underscores the critical need to protect both cultural heritage and environment. This research focuses on implementing the Green Constitution in Indonesia, aiming to strengthen the existence of indigenous peoples and their customary rights to customary forests. However, there are significant problems with Article 33(3) of the 1945 Constitution which emphasizes the welfare of the people through the exploitation of natural resources, often neglecting aspects of environmental conservation and contradicting Indonesia's commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). As a result, the Indonesian Constitution has an anthropocentric orientation that prioritizes environmental preservation for human interests rather than fully reflecting the Green Constitution principles that emphasize environmental sustainability in line with human needs. The research used in this study is juridical-normative approach to analyze the law and relevant regulation regarding the issue at hand to identify possible solution towards the existing legal issues. This research identifies two main problems: first, to what extent the 1945 Constitution reflects the principles of the Green Constitution, and second, how efforts to strengthen the rights of indigenous peoples to customary forests reflect the Green Constitution. The results show that the 1945 Constitution has not fully adopted the principles of the Green Constitution, therefore measures are needed to strengthen the rights of indigenous peoples related to customary forests, including the elimination of conditional recognition through judicial interpretation of Article 18B paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution, to secure environmental conservation democratically and sustainably.

The Role of Traditional Local Institutions in Managing Customary Forest Hemaq Beniung in Juaq Asa Village, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

The Role of Traditional Local Institutions in Managing Customary Forest Hemaq Beniung in Juaq Asa Village, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Management of Customary Forests as Community-Based Ecotourism Areas in Tenganan Pegringsingan Village Karangasem Bali

Management of Customary Forests as Community-Based Ecotourism Areas in Tenganan Pegringsingan Village Karangasem Bali

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Tanah Masyarakat Hukum Adat Di Kawasan Hutan Lindung Negeri Masihulan Kecamatan Seram Utara Kabupaten Maluku Tengah

Introduction: Land and forests are the basis of people's prosperity and welfare.Methods of the Research: The research method used is normative juridical research type. The problem approach used is the statutory approach, the conceptual approach, and the case approach. The legal materials used are primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary materials. Procedures and collection of law and management and analysis of legal materials are then analyzed by way of description with qualitative methods.Results of the Research: The results of the study show that the mechanisms and procedures for the Protection of Land Rights of Indigenous Law Communities in the Protected Forest Area of the Masihulan State, North Seram District, Central Maluku Regency have been neglected by the existence of protected forests or the existence of a national park, even though it is through this land that the indigenous peoples of the Masihulan Country are passed down from generation to generation. Generations can take advantage of the natural resources that exist in customary forests such as plants and animals in customary forests for their survival and daily life. The rights of the customary law community, in this case the land including their customary forest, have not received legal protection as it should be in accordance with the mandate of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Article 18B paragraph (2) and other laws and regulations