Custodial Services Research Articles

Respiratory Health Effects Associated with Restoration Work in Post-Hurricane Katrina New Orleans

Background. This study examines prevalence of respiratory conditions in New Orleans-area restoration workers after Hurricane Katrina. Methods. Between 2007 and 2010, spirometry and respiratory health and occupational questionnaire were administered to 791 New Orleans-area adults who mostly worked in the building construction and maintenance trades or custodial services. The associations between restoration work hours and lung function and prevalence of respiratory symptoms were examined by multiple linear regression, χ 2, or multiple logistic regression. Results. 74% of participants performed post-Katrina restoration work (median time: 620 hours). Symptoms reported include episodes of transient fever/cough (29%), sinus symptoms (48%), pneumonia (3.7%), and new onset asthma (4.5%). Prevalence rate ratios for post-Katrina sinus symptoms (PRR = 1.3; CI: 1.1, 1.7) and fever and cough (PRR = 1.7; CI: 1.3, 2.4) were significantly elevated overall for those who did restoration work and prevalence increased with restoration work hours. Prevalence rate ratios with restoration work were also elevated for new onset asthma (PRR = 2.2; CI: 0.8, 6.2) and pneumonia (PRR = 1.3; CI: 0.5, 3.2) but were not statistically significant. Overall, lung function was slightly depressed but was not significantly different between those with and without restoration work exposure. Conclusions. Post-Katrina restoration work is associated with moderate adverse effects on respiratory health, including sinusitis and toxic pneumonitis.

Do Bank-Related Hedge Funds Benefit from Bailouts?

We examine whether bank-related hedge funds benefited from bailout programs initiated in seven countries during the 2007-2009 global financial crisis. Reduced fund liquidation probabilities followed bailouts of financial firms offering prime brokerage, custodial and investment advisory services to hedge funds in the short term. However, for institutions with minimal participation in bailouts, related hedge fund liquidation probabilities increased. Bailouts did not lead to improved capital levels in bank-related hedge funds. Collectively, our evidence suggests that bailouts helped stem the propagation of contagion through information channels rather than directly through counterparty funding.

The Privatisation of Prisoner Transfer Services in Western Australia. What Can we Learn from the Ward Case?

In 2008, Aboriginal elder Mr Ward died of heat stroke while being transported in the back of a prison van operated by private security company GSL (now G4S). This article will address the role accountability mechanisms can play in improving correctional and custodial services and whether existing oversight frameworks can provide a proper supervision and quality control of private security operators. It will focus on the key reports issued by Western Australia's Inspector of Custodial Services, the independent office to oversee the prisoner transfer system. Another central source of information will be an examination of the report and recommendations handed down by the Western Australian Coroner Alastair Hope in June 2009. The Hope Report details the numerous failings of the system which led to the Ward tragedy. Both GSL and the Western Australian state government had breached a duty of care to Mr Ward. Further, it remains highly problematical having a range of oversight bodies if elected government is able to simply ignore the subsequent advice. Parliament must therefore remain a central part of the system of political accountability.

Why VAT Is Important for Investment Funds and Their Managers

Focusing on Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, this article considers the most important VAT rules applicable to cross-border fund accounting services, investment advice, custody services and publication of the net asset value of investment funds, rendered to investment funds. Such VAT rules are applied differently within the European Union, even though they are based upon the EU VAT Directive, and VAT should no longer be ignored for the reasons set out hereafter.

A Review of Occupational Knee Disorders

Lower extremity knee disorders, like other cumulative disorders of the body, build up over time through cumulative exposures. 2006 data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reveal that cumulative knee disorders account for 65% of lower extremity musculoskeletal disorders and 5% of total body musculoskeletal disorders. The objective of the literature review was to find papers on work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) common to the knee region. From these, symptoms of the disorders, affected industries, and potential risk factors were assessed. A review of the literature divulges that knee disorders primarily consist of bursitis, meniscal lesions or tears, and osteoarthritis. Though kneeling and squatting are considered to be two of the primary risk factors correlated to these knee disorders, 12 other risk factors should also be contemplated. These 14 contributing risk factors include both occupational (extrinsic) and personal (intrinsic) variables that affect the labor industries. Example industries include mining, construction, manufacturing, and custodial services where knee bending postural activities exist as a commonality. The understanding of the types of knee disorders, the affected occupations, and the job related risk factors will allow ergonomic practitioners and researchers to create and adjust work environments for the detection and lessening of knee work-related musculoskeletal risk. Further studies need to be conducted to (1) justify the presence of risk from certain risk factors and (2) enhance the understanding of risk factor dose-response levels and their temporal development.

Young Offenders in Performance: Audience and Practitioner Perspectives

Describing and interrogating a performing arts programme at the Victoria Youth Custody Services Centre, KRISTA HAGSTROM, ALLANA C. LINDGREN , and WARWICK DOBSON consider how such projects complicate binary responses—requiring open yet cautious responses. While carefully weighing the successes and failures of such projects, the authors urge a stronger alliance between the Canadian justice system and the arts.

Young Offenders in Performance: Audience and Practitioner Perspectives

Describing and interrogating a performing arts programme at the Victoria Youth Custody Services Centre, KRISTA HAGSTROM, ALLANA C. LINDGREN , and WARWICK DOBSON consider how such projects complicate binary responses—requiring open yet cautious responses. While carefully weighing the successes and failures of such projects, the authors urge a stronger "alliance between the Canadian justice system and the arts."

Social Workers' Self-Efficacy and Comfort Providing Services for HIV-Affected Children

As HIV/AIDS prevalence rates continue to rise in the United States, social workers will serve HIV-affected families for years to come. Researchers now consider HIV to be a "family disease"; thus, the children of HIV-positive parents face challenges and uncertainty about their futures. This study describes 46 social workers' perceptions of self-efficacy and comfort providing future care and custody services. Findings reveal that HIV/AIDS information gained through evidence-based sources was significantly correlated with social workers' knowledge and comfort providing services. Social workers' perceived self-efficacy was significantly correlated with perceptions of comfort providing future care and custody services. Self-reported definitions of future care and custody were multidimensional but not uniform. It is recommended that social workers providing HIV-related services to families obtain empirically based training. Schools of social work and professional organizations can play critical roles in disseminating best practices in the evolving area of HIV/AIDS and the family.

An Interview with Jon Wallace, Christian College President

Without question, effective leadership is essential to the future of higher education. Presidential leadership is seen as the key to strategically positioning the future of colleges and universities. This may be even more critical for Christian institutions. It is imperative that boards are successful in selecting, developing, and supporting their presidents. Similarly, it is crucial that the president be judicious in sharing and collaborating institutional vision with all constituencies. How this vision is communicated, to a great extent, will determine the university's success. Jon Wallace is the president of Azusa Pacific University. He is respected as a successful Christian university president. Jon would describe himself as a work in progress. His journey to the presidency is marked by arriving in 1972 as a freshman and then being academically dismissed at the end of his freshman year. He reflected on that experience and related that during his year off, he committed to being serious about his studies before returning, becoming the student body president, and graduating with his class. His first job was with custodial services in the residence halls. Since then, Jon has held nearly every position at every level on campus. The campus had around 1,000 students in 1972, and now has over 10,000. He has learned to try new things, keep the best, and discard what isn't working. Jon agreed to do this interview in the hopes that his responses to the questions posed might prove to be useful to others. Jon is a humble person and would not want to be presented as a model Christian university president. But, in my opinion, he is certainly that.

Reconciling Custodial and Human Service Work: The Complex Role of the Prison Officer

Expectations of prison officers' work in policy and in academic literature have become more complex in recent decades, with an increasing emphasis on the need to bring together security roles with human services components of the work. However, staff working within prisons face the daily challenge of working closely with prisoners, who are both subjects of community opprobrium and citizens with complex needs and high levels of volatility. The officer is placed at the centre of this dilemma. This article explores the way these challenges are being resolved in three Australian prisons through the conceptualisation of prison officers' work, and reports research that explored with officers and other staff their understanding of their roles. The article describes the diversity of approaches to conceptualising the work of the prison officer and resolving the competing demands of custodial and human services roles and the influence of the particular prison and the length of time in custodial employment on the resolution of this challenge.

Learning curve: putting healthy school principles into practice.

The H-shape design planned for New York City’s new Public School 109, as described by The New York Times, allowed for large courtyards shielded from neighbors’ noise for play and recreation, windows that open onto the courtyards to provide light and air, and thoroughly ventilated wardrobes to dry clothing and maintain circulation. That was a few years ago—in 1901, to be exact. But those long-ago improvements—attention to indoor air quality, ventilation, lighting, and acoustics—now distinguish “high-performance” schools, which are specifically designed to promote better attendance, achievement, and behavior. Throw in energy and water conservation features—which are traditional “green” elements—along with a recycling program, an environmentally preferable purchasing program, nontoxic cleaning products, integrated pest management, a school garden to augment other healthful cafeteria food, and a sustainably developed site, and you have the new ideal for today’s healthy schools and child care centers. But many children attend schools that bear no resemblance to this picture. Numerous studies have demonstrated that schools can be places where kids too often are exposed to toxic chemicals, mold, lead, asbestos, and other harmful agents. Moreover, some schools are located in areas where the outdoor air is so polluted that teachers wouldn’t want to open the windows even if they could. With children spending about one-third of their day at school, healthy school facilities could, if given the support, provide children with the most pollution-free part of their day, experts say.

Alcohol Use, Injuries, and Prenatal Visits During Three Successive Pregnancies Among American Indian Women on the Northern Plains Who have Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome or Incomplete Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

The purpose of the study was to compare three sequential pregnancies of American Indian women who have children with FAS or children with incomplete FAS with women who did not have children with FAS. Two retrospective case-control studies were conducted of Northern Plains American Indian children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) (Study 1) or incomplete FAS (Study 2) in 1981-1993. Three successive pregnancies ending in live births of 43 case mothers who had children with FAS, and 35 case mothers who had children with incomplete FAS were compared to the pregnancies of 86 and 70 control mothers who did not have children with FAS, respectively, in the two studies. Prenatal records were abstracted for the index child (child with FAS or incomplete FAS) and siblings born just before and just after the index child, and comparable prenatal records for the controls. Compared to the controls, significantly more case mothers used alcohol before and after all three pregnancies and during pregnancy with the before sibling and the index child. Mothers who had children with FAS reduced their alcohol use during the pregnancy following the birth of the index child. All Study 1 case mothers (100%) and 60% of Study 2 case mothers used alcohol during the pregnancy with the index child compared to 20 and 9% of respective control mothers. More study 1 case mothers experienced unintentional injuries (OR 9.50) and intentional injuries during the index pregnancy (OR 9.33) than the control mothers. Most case mothers began prenatal care in the second trimester. Alcohol use was documented before, during and after each of the three pregnancies. Women of child-bearing age should be screened for alcohol use whenever they present for medical services. Mothers who had a child with FAS decreased their alcohol consumption with the next pregnancy, a finding that supports the importance of prenatal screening throughout pregnancy. Women who receive medical care for injuries should be screened for alcohol use and referred for appropriate treatment. Protective custody, case management and treatment services need to be readily available for women who use alcohol.

City National Corp. (Beverly Hills, CA)

AbstractCommercial Banking (MIC: 8.1 SIC: 6021 NAIC: 522110)City National is a bank holding company. Through its City National Bank subsidiary, provides banking, investment and trust services in Southern California, the San Francisco Bay Area and New York City. Co. provides a range of lending, deposit, cash management, international banking, and other products and services. Co. also provides investment management and advisory services and brokerage services, including portfolio management, securities trading and asset management; personal and business trust and investment services; and estate and financial planning and custodial services. As at Dec 31 2006, Co. had total assets of approximately $14.88 billion and total deposits of $12.17 billion.

An Exploratory Study of the Facets of Type a Personality and Scores on the Machiavellian Behavior (Mach-B) Scale

The relationship of two facets of Type A personality, Achievement Striving and Impatience-Irritability, with Mach-B scores was investigated. Mach-B scores were not correlated with Achievement Striving and were positively correlated (r = .37; p < .01) with Impatience-Irritability in a sample of 51 hospital employees including physicians (n = 12), nurses (n = 12), administrative staff (n = 13), and custodial services employees (n = 14).

City National Corp. (Beverly Hills, CA)

AbstractCommercial Banking (MIC: 8.1 SIC: 6021 NAIC: 522110)City National is a bank holding company. Through its City National Bank subsidiary, provides banking, investment and trust services in Southern California, the San Francisco Bay Area and New York City. Co. provides a range of lending, deposit, cash management, international banking, and other products and services. Co. also provides investment management and advisory services and brokerage services, including portfolio management, securities trading and asset management; personal and business trust and investment services; and estate and financial planning and custodial services. As at Dec 31 2006, Co. had total assets of approximately $14.88 billion and total deposits of $12.17 billion.

City National Corp. (Beverly Hills, CA)

AbstractCommercial Banking (MIC: 8.1 SIC: 6021 NAIC: 522110)City National, with assets of $14.88 billion as of Dec 31 2006, through its City National Bank (the Bank) subsidiary, provides banking, investment and trust services through 54 offices, including 12 full‐service regional centers, in Southern California, the San Francisco Bay Area and New York City. Co. provides a range of lending, deposit, cash management, international banking, and other products and services. Co. also provides investment management and advisory services and brokerage services, including portfolio management, securities trading and asset management; personal and business trust and investment services; and estate and financial planning and custodial services.

City National Corp. (Beverly Hills, CA)

AbstractCommercial Banking (MIC: 8.1 SIC: 6021 NAIC: 522110)City National, with assets of $14.88 billion as of Dec 31 2006, through its City National Bank (the Bank) subsidiary, provides banking, investment and trust services through 54 offices, including 12 full‐service regional centers, in Southern California, the San Francisco Bay Area and New York City. Co. provides a range of lending, deposit, cash management, international banking, and other products and services. Co. also provides investment management and advisory services and brokerage services, including portfolio management, securities trading and asset management; personal and business trust and investment services; and estate and financial planning and custodial services.

The Securities Custody Industry

Custody is, in essence, a service consisting in holding (and normally administering) securities on behalf of third parties. In step with the growth of sophisticated financial markets, custody has evolved into a complex industry no longer characterised by physical safekeeping but by a range of information and banking services. Given the multi-tier structure of the industry, custody services are provided by a variety of intermediaries. This paper describes the development of the custody industry and the structure of the custody services market. It also discusses the risks involved in custody and the challenges the industry is facing, particularly in the European context.

City National Corp. (Beverly Hills, CA)

AbstractCommercial Banking (MIC: 8.1 SIC: 6021 NAIC:522110)City National, with assets of S 14.58 billion as of Dec 31 2005, operates its business through City National Bank (the Bank). The Bank provides banking, investment and trust services through 55 offices, including 12 full‐service regional centers, in Southern California, the San Francisco Bay Area and New York City. Co. provides a range of lending, deposit, cash management, international banking, and other products and services. Co. also provides investment management and advisory services and brokerage services, including portfolio management, securities trading and asset management; personal and business trust and investment services; and estate and financial planning and custodial services.

City National Corp. (Beverly Hills, CA)

AbstractCommercial Banking (MIC: 8.1 SIC: 6021 NAIC: 522110)City National, with assets of $14.20 billion as of Dec 31 2004, conducts its business through City National Bank (the Bank). The Bank provides banking, investment and trust services through 52 offices, including 12 full‐service regional centers, in Southern California, the San Francisco Bay Area, and New York City. Co. offers a range of lending, deposit, cash management, international banking, and other products and services. Co. also offers investment management and advisory services and brokerage services, including portfolio management, securities trading and asset management; personal and business trust and investment services; and estate and financial planning and custodial services.