Degree Of Curvature Research Articles

Numerical research of characteristic mixing times of isothermal three-component steam-gas systems

Multicomponent diffusion in gases is characterized by a number of effects that are not observed in binary diffusion. Analysis of existing works shows that convective instability may occur in some systems with significantly different diffusion coefficients with certain geometric and thermophysical characteristics. Stability analysis allows determining the spectrum of parameters at which a transition from a diffusive state to a convective is possible. However, this approach does not allow the researchers to investigate the dynamics of the process. Therefore, this work aims to describe emergence and evolution of convective flows in threecomponent systems and assess the influence of the initial composition on the occurrence of concentration gravitational convection. The main part of the work presents a mathematical model describing the occurrence of convective flows based on the splitting scheme according to physical parameters. Numerical data on the concentration fields of the gas with the highest molecular weight at various time points is obtained. It is established that curvature of the isoconcentration lines of the diffusing components can be associated with instability of the mechanical equilibrium of the system. Degree of curvature is determined by the initial concentration of components of the mixture. The obtained data can be used to determine the main characteristics of mass transfer used in calculations related to combined heat and mass transfer in a wide range of thermophysical parameters.

Numerical research of characteristic mixing times of isothermal three-component steam-gas systems

Multicomponent diffusion in gases is characterized by a number of effects that are not observed in binary diffusion. Analysis of existing works shows that convective instability may occur in some systems with significantly different diffusion coefficients with certain geometric and thermophysical characteristics. Stability analysis allows determining the spectrum of parameters at which a transition from a diffusive state to a convective is possible. However, this approach does not allow the researchers to investigate the dynamics of the process. Therefore, this work aims to describe emergence and evolution of convective flows in threecomponent systems and assess the influence of the initial composition on the occurrence of concentration gravitational convection. The main part of the work presents a mathematical model describing the occurrence of convective flows based on the splitting scheme according to physical parameters. Numerical data on the concentration fields of the gas with the highest molecular weight at various time points is obtained. It is established that curvature of the isoconcentration lines of the diffusing components can be associated with instability of the mechanical equilibrium of the system. Degree of curvature is determined by the initial concentration of components of the mixture. The obtained data can be used to determine the main characteristics of mass transfer used in calculations related to combined heat and mass transfer in a wide range of thermophysical parameters.

Intraspecific Variation in the Sublethal Effects of Physically and Chemically Dispersed Crude Oil on Early Life Stages of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua).

The offshore oil industry in Atlantic Canada necessitates a greater understanding of the potential impacts of oil exposure and spill response measures on cold-water marine species. We used a standardized scoring index to characterize sublethal developmental impacts of physically and chemically dispersed crude oil in early life stages of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and assessed intraspecific variation in the response among cod families. Cod (origin: Scotian Shelf, Canada) were laboratory-crossed to produce embryos from five specific families, which were subsequently exposed prehatch to gradient dilutions of a water-accommodated fraction (WAF) and a chemically enhanced WAF (CEWAF; prepared with Corexit 9500A) for 24 h. Postexposure, live embryos were transferred into filtered seawater and monitored to hatch; then, all live fish had sublethal endpoints assessed using the blue-sac disease (BSD) severity index. In both WAF and CEWAF groups, increasing exposure concentrations (measured as total petroleum hydrocarbons) resulted in an increased incidence of BSD symptoms (impaired swimming ability, increased degree of spinal curvature, yolk-sac edemas) in cod across all families. This positive concentration-dependent increase in BSD was similar between physically (WAF) versus chemically (CEWAF) dispersed oil exposures, indicating that dispersant addition does not exacerbate the effect of crude oil on BSD incidence in cod. Sensitivity varied between families, with some families having less BSD than others with increasing exposure concentrations. To our knowledge, our study is the first to demonstrate the occurrence in fishes of intraspecific variation among families in sublethal responses to oil and dispersant exposure. Our results suggest that sublethal effects of crude oil exposure will not be uniformly observed across cod populations and that sensitivity depends on genetic background. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1967-1976. © 2022 SETAC.

Use of Level 1 and 2 driving automation on horizontal curves on interstates and freeways

Little is known about how the actual use of Level 1 and 2 driving automation systems may be affected by geometric road characteristics in naturalistic driving environments. This study examined the use of these systems on horizontal curves on interstates and freeways. It used travel data collected in a field operational test conducted with two 2016 Land Rover Range Rover Evoque vehicles equipped with adaptive cruise control (ACC) and two 2017 Volvo S90 vehicles equipped with ACC and Pilot Assist (PA). Logistic regression models estimated changes in the likelihood of ACC use associated with horizontal curvature in the Evoque vehicles, and of PA and ACC use in the S90 vehicles, while accounting for traffic conditions. Drivers were less likely to drive with ACC or PA on as horizontal curves became sharper. In the Evoque vehicles, the likelihood of using ACC was 71.6% lower on the sharpest category of horizontal curves (those with a degree of curvature>2.5 degrees per 100 feet of arc or a radius smaller than 2,292 feet), compared with straight road segments or the flattest horizontal curve category (those with a degree of curvature <= 1.5 degrees per 100 feet of arc or a radius no <3,820 feet). In the S90 vehicles, the likelihood of using PA and ACC declined 74.6 and 66.3%, respectively, on the sharpest curves. Many driving automation systems face challenges on horizontal curves, even within their operational design domain. Future implementations that improve functionality may enhance driver experience and boost drivers’ confidence in these systems, which should increase their use and maximize the safety benefits these systems might offer.

Analysis and prediction models for operating speed of vehicles in expressway superlong tunnels based on geometric and traffic related parameters

Objectives Operating speeds on roads are critical indicators for evaluating traffic safety. Currently available research on the operating speed’s prediction focuses on open roads and highways. Insufficient attention has been paid, so far, to tunnels, which form bottlenecks on expressways. The present research aims to establish an operating speed prediction model for tunnels and analyze the influence of their geometric parameters on the operating speeds of vehicles. Methods We consider the speed of vehicles collected through field measurements in the portals and lay-bys of six superlong tunnels (length greater than 3000 ). Using linear regression, a prediction model for the speed in an expressway superlong tunnel is obtained considering tunnel’s geometric parameters. The influence of various parameters on the operating speed are analyzed through comparisons with existing research findings. Results We establish the first operating speed prediction model for tunnels considering geometric parameters and find that the vehicle type is the most important parameter affecting the operating speed. Other important parameters include the preceding curve length up to speed observation point (), preceding tangent length () and preceding tangent length up to speed observation point (). Conclusions The influence of geometric parameters on vehicle operating speed in super long tunnels differs from that observed in non-tunnel roadways. The effects of the preceding or subsequent curve radius ( or ) of the tangent section, curvature (), and curve degree () are not important in this case. Furthermore, we find that the influence of the posted speed limit () is closely related to the driving scene and safety awareness of drivers. These findings can improve the design and joint evaluation of tunnel geometric parameters and traffic safety.

Application of Methods for a Morphological Analysis of the Femoral Diaphysis Based on Clinical CT Images to Prehistoric Human Bone: Comparison of Modern Japanese and Jomon Populations from Hegi Cave, Oita, Japan.

A morphological analysis of ancient human bones is essential for understanding life history, medical history, and genetic characteristics. In addition to external measurements, a three-dimensional structural analysis using CT will provide more detailed information. The present study examined adult male human skeletons excavated from Hegi cave, Nakatsu city, Oita Prefecture. CT images were taken from the femurs of adult males (Initial/Early Jomon Period (n = 10) and Late Jomon Period (n = 5)). Cross-sectional images of the diaphysis from below the lesser trochanter to above the adductor tubercle were obtained using the method established by Imamura et al. (2019) and Imamura et al. (2021). Using Excel formulas and macros, the area of cortical bone, thickness, and degree of curvature were quantitatively analyzed. The results were compared with data on modern Japanese. The maximum thickness of cortical bone in the diaphysis and the degree of the anterior curvature were significantly greater in Late Jomon humans than in the other groups. In contrast to modern humans, the majority of Jomon femurs showed the S-shaped curvature with the medial side at the top position and the lateral side at the lower position. The present results demonstrate that Late Jomon humans had a wider range of activity than the other groups and also provide insights into diseases in the hip and knee joints of Jomon humans.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Mulching for Reducing Soil Erosion in Skid Trail Switchbacks

Forest operations can lead to increased runoff and soil loss on roads and skid trails. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two erosion control treatments applied to different segments of skid trails following six natural rainfall events. A total of 162 plots 10 m long by 4 m wide were established in a Hyrcanian deciduous forest to assess soil runoff and soil loss following ground-based harvesting traffic. The experimental setup consisted of three levels of traffic intensity (three, eight and 16 skidder passes), two levels of slope gradient (≤20% and &amp;gt;20%), three classes of curvature (narrow = high deflection angle, 60°–70°; wide = low deflection angle, 110°–130°, and straight trail segments), and three classes of mulch cover (bare soil, sawdust cover, and rice straw cover). Each treatment combination was replicated three times, yielding 972 soil samples. The average surface runoff volume and soil loss differed significantly between the switchbacks and the straight trail segments and depended strongly on the degree of curvature, with severity of adverse effects increasing with curve tightness. Mulch cover treatments had a significant ameliorating effect on the surface runoff volume and soil loss throughout the skid trail. The average runoff and soil loss from the skid trails treated with sawdust cover (SC) (0.24 g m-2 (mm) and 0.49 g m-2, respectively) were lower than on trails covered with rice straw (RSC) (0.45 g m-2 and 1.19 g m-2, respectively), which were, in turn lower than on untreated bare soil (BS) trail segments (0.70 g m-2 and 2.31 g m-2, respectively). Surface runoff volume was significantly positively correlated with soil loss and both were positively correlated with dry bulk density and rut depth and negatively correlated with litter mass, total porosity, and macroporosity. Surface cover is a successful measure for controlling erosion losses following skidding disturbances, particularly in the switchback curves of trails on steep slopes where erosion potential is high.

STAROBINSKY MODEL WITH A VISCOUS FLUID

The article considers some cosmological solutions of the Starobinsky model for a flat inhomogeneous viscous Universe. The first section contains a brief of the F(R)&nbsp; theory of gravity. One of the most common examples of F(R)&nbsp;gravity with a high degree of curvature is the Starobinsky model. For the Starobinsky &nbsp;F(R)=aR+bR2&nbsp;model, the cosmological model of a flat and homogeneous Universe is considered. For the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric, the Lagrange function is defined, and the corresponding equations are determined by the Euler-Lagrange equations and the Hamilton energy condition. Using the equation of state for inhomogeneous viscous fluid, we considered two cases of the viscosity parameter when the state parameter is constant. Next, using the results obtained, we determined the dynamics of the Hubble parameter H. At constant viscosity,&nbsp; has a negative value of the Hubble parameter and decreases with time along a hyperbola, while the viscosity parameter with proportional dependence on&nbsp;H has a positive value that decreases along a hyperbola. If we compare it with the well-known de Sitter solution describing the accelerated expansion of the Universe and take into account that time in physics should only be positive, then the change in the Hubble parameter for the viscosity with proportional dependence on&nbsp;H&nbsp;occurs later. An analysis of this solution shows that at a certain point in time the acceleration of the Universe turns into a process of instantaneous compression. However, in the end, the result is similar to the de Sitter solution tends to zero, i.e. the Universe stops accelerating. Based on the results obtained, a graph was constructed with respect to the de Sitter solution. The analysis was carried out according to the graph. These results are useful for describing the accelerated expansion of the modern Universe and do not contradict modern astronomical observations.

A New Species of Septuconularia (Hexangulaconulariidae, Cnidaria) from Cambrian Stage 2, South China

AbstractHexangulaconulariids, an extinct family of medusozoan small shelly fossils (SSFs), were a conspicuous component of early Cambrian, shallow marine platform communities in South China. Described herein is Septuconularia crassiformis sp. nov. from Bed 5 of the Yanjiahe Formation (Cambrian Stage 2) in the Three Gorges area of Hubei Province. The new species differs from the type and only other known species, S. yanjiaheensis, in the shape of the abapical portion and in the degree of curvature of the adapertural margin. The anatomy of the apical portion of the new species is unknown. The diagnosis of the genus Septuconularia is emended and the spatio‐temporal distribution of hexangulaconulariids in South China is summarized. Finally, S. yanjiaheensis, with its slit‐like aperture and very narrow transverse cross‐section, may have been better adapted to the shallow platform environment than the broader S. crassiformis, which appears to have been less common than the type species.

Experimental research on the settling property of slender fiber particles under the influence of multiple factors

Fiber particles generated from production can adversely affect the working environment, operation equipment and human health, etc. while settling slowly in air. In our study, the settling properties of single fiber particles, which are hygroscopic and slender, were analyzed based on the high-speed camera system. The results show that under the experimental conditions, fiber particles do not deform during settling; however, the non-uniform morphology can result in horizontal displacement and rotation of the particle. Additionally, the settling velocity increases with the particle diameter and curvature degree to varying degrees. Moreover, the gray correlation analysis proved that the diameter impacts the settling velocity to the greatest extent, and the degree of influence of the moisture absorption rate is close to that of the length and curvature. Finally, based on the force analysis and experimental verification, the most appropriate method to calculate the equivalent diameter was determined for the fiber particles.

Revisiting DNA Sequence-Dependent Deformability in High-Resolution Structures: Effects of Flanking Base Pairs on Dinucleotide Morphology and Global Chain Configuration.

DNA carries more than the list of biochemical ingredients that drive the basic functions of living systems. The sequence of base pairs includes a multitude of structural and energetic signals, which determine the degree to which the long, threadlike molecule moves and how it responds to proteins and other molecules that control its processing and govern its packaging. The chemical composition of base pairs directs the spatial disposition and fluctuations of successive residues. The observed arrangements of these moieties in high-resolution protein–DNA crystal structures provide one of the best available estimates of the natural, sequence-dependent structure and deformability of the double-helical molecule. Here, we update the set of knowledge-based elastic potentials designed to describe the observed equilibrium structures and configurational fluctuations of the ten unique base-pair steps. The large number of currently available structures makes it possible to characterize the configurational preferences of the DNA base-pair steps within the context of their immediate neighbors, i.e., tetrameric context. Use of these knowledge-based potentials shows promise in accounting for known effects of sequence in long chain molecules, e.g., the degree of curvature reported in classic gel mobility studies and the recently reported sequence-dependent responses of supercoiled minicircles to nuclease cleavage.

An objective hypospadias classification system

Current approaches to classifying hypospadias severity are based on meatus position. These classification tools lack precise reflection on the degree of urethral hypoplasia and extent of urethral underdevelopment hence are not good representative of hypospadias severity. Here, an alternative classification system is introduced that objectively reflects the developmental pathology underlying this condition. The study goal was to appraise location of bifurcation in the corpus spongiosum (BCS) relative to the penile shaft as an indicator of hypospadias severity. Patients aged <18 years with primary hypospadias were included in the study. Urethral defect ratio (UDR) was calculated by dividing the extent of urethral defect (distance between the glandular knobs and BCS) relative to stretched penile length (SPL). Hypospadias severity was then categorized into three distinct grades (UDR <0.5, 0.5-0.99, ≥1.0). The Inter-Class Correlation (ICC) was evaluated to assess the intra- and inter-rater agreement between the reviewers of UDC ratio. Linear regression analysis was performed to estimate the correlation between UDC ratios and either plate objective scoring tool (POST) and Curvature degrees. A total of 67 patients aged 12.3±3.7 months with primary hypospadias were enrolled. UDR ranged between 0.2 and 1.3. A significant difference in hypospadias level was observed between UDR grades, which further correlated degree of curvature (P<0.0001), urethral plate quality (P<0.0001), and associated anomalies (P<0.05). The Inter-Class Correlation (ICC) value to examine the intra- and inter-rater agreement between the two reviewers in UDC ratio was 0.998 (95% CI 0.998, 0.999). Regression analysis revealed that UDR and both POST and Curvature degree were significantly associated (P<0.001). A hypospadias severity scoring system based on embryological etiology and urethral hypoplasia and assessed relative to the penile shaft represents an objective, feasible, and consistent tool. These results clearly indicate that the reviewers have had excellent consistency/reliability across their consecutive readings. This new system can facilitate objective description of hypospadias-spectrum anomalies and thus support precise communication between individual surgeons and centers.

An upper bound solution for deformation field analysis in differential velocity sideways extrusion using a unified stream function

An analytical model providing a detailed description of the material flow and deformation behaviour of extruded curved profiles produced by the novel differential velocity sideways extrusion (DVSE) process, has been developed on the basis of a unified stream function and the upper bound theorem. Plasticine experiments and finite element (FE) modelling were carried out to validate the proposed analytical model. The derived streamline equation contains a shape parameter n describing the degree of curvature of a flow line and the coordinate parameters x0 and y0 defining entering and leaving positions respectively of the flow line, from the plastic deformation zone (PDZ). The analytical model was able to closely model the material flow eccentricity ratio ξ (the relative amounts of work-piece material entering the deformation zone from two opposing directions), and flow lines obtained from experiments under different velocity ratios and extrusion ratios. The predicted value of ξ was found to be independent of n value and hardening of the material. The n value was found to increase from the corner near the die orifice to the corner around the dead material zone (DMZ). In addition, the n value increased with the increase of extrusion ratio and ratio of velocities of the two opposing extrusion rams, which enabled the representation of a decreased area of DMZ and more localised PDZ containing 1–99% accumulated effective strain. The predicted field distributions of the localised effective strain rate in the PDZ and inhomogeneous effective strain in the extrudates were consistent with FE modelling results.

PD23-05 PATIENT REFERRAL TRENDS AND OUTCOMES OF PENILE PLICATION IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA: IS XIAFLEX® DRIVING PATIENTS TO SURGERY?

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 May 2022PD23-05 PATIENT REFERRAL TRENDS AND OUTCOMES OF PENILE PLICATION IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA: IS XIAFLEX® DRIVING PATIENTS TO SURGERY? Sam Kusin, Shervin Badkhshan, Samantha Nealon, Gregory Joice, Sarah Sanders, Steven Hudak, and Allen Morey Sam KusinSam Kusin More articles by this author , Shervin BadkhshanShervin Badkhshan More articles by this author , Samantha NealonSamantha Nealon More articles by this author , Gregory JoiceGregory Joice More articles by this author , Sarah SandersSarah Sanders More articles by this author , Steven HudakSteven Hudak More articles by this author , and Allen MoreyAllen Morey More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002565.05AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Injection of Clostridium Histolyticum (Xiaflex®, CCH) has become increasingly more common since its FDA approval for non-surgical treatment for Peyronie’s Disease (PD) in December 2013. We evaluated practice patterns for PD in the Xiaflex® era and the outcomes for penile plication (PP) after CCH failure at our tertiary referral center. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of our single-surgeon PP database from 2013-2021. Patients who underwent PP were stratified by history of CCH treatment for PD. Variables compared included number of CCH cycles, time from CCH to PP, change in degree of curvature, and need for revision plication. The EPIC SlicerDicer program was used to identify all clinic visits with a primary PD diagnosis using ICD-10 code N48.6. Two-tailed t-tests for continuous variables were performed using PRISM 9.2. RESULTS: The annual number of clinic visits for PD during the study period nearly doubled (242 in 2013-14 vs. 436 in 2019-20, p <0.01). The annual number of PPs performed and the proportion with prior CCH failure escalated at a similar rate (Figure 1). Among 43 men who underwent PP after prior CCH treatment, a mean of 3.6 treatment cycles (range 1 – 6) were completed with an average time from final CCH treatment to PP of 13.0 months (range 4 – 25). Patients frequently reported no change (19/43 41.3%) or mild improvement (12/43, 26.0%) following CCH treatment. Worsening curvature (8/43, 17.4%) and corporal rupture (2/46, 4.3%) were also reported after CCH. Mean pre-CCH curvature was 61.6° ± 20.7° with an average improvement of 13° ± 17° with CCH. PP further improved curvature by 49° ± 20° with residual curvature of 3° ± 7°. There was no significant difference in the need for revision PP between the CCH and non-CCH groups (2/43, 4.7% vs. 14/372, 3.8%, p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of CCH for the treatment of PD has led to a significant increase in clinic visits for surgical consultation and PP in patients with previous CCH failure. Post-CCH PP appears to be feasible and safe with overall excellent improvement in curvature. Source of Funding: NA © 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 207Issue Supplement 5May 2022Page: e410 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Sam Kusin More articles by this author Shervin Badkhshan More articles by this author Samantha Nealon More articles by this author Gregory Joice More articles by this author Sarah Sanders More articles by this author Steven Hudak More articles by this author Allen Morey More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...

PD23-12 A DETAILED CHARACTERIZATION OF MEN WITH PEYRONIE’S DISEASE AND NO ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 May 2022PD23-12 A DETAILED CHARACTERIZATION OF MEN WITH PEYRONIE’S DISEASE AND NO ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS Christian Corsini, Paolo Capogrosso, Edoardo Pozzi, Federico Belladelli, Giuseppe Fallara, Massimiliano Raffo, Daniele Cignoli, Luigi Candela, Nicolò Schifano, Alessia d'Arma, Luca Boeri, Eugenio Ventimiglia, Rayan Matloob, Federico Dehò, Francesco Montorsi, and Andrea Salonia Christian CorsiniChristian Corsini More articles by this author , Paolo CapogrossoPaolo Capogrosso More articles by this author , Edoardo PozziEdoardo Pozzi More articles by this author , Federico BelladelliFederico Belladelli More articles by this author , Giuseppe FallaraGiuseppe Fallara More articles by this author , Massimiliano RaffoMassimiliano Raffo More articles by this author , Daniele CignoliDaniele Cignoli More articles by this author , Luigi CandelaLuigi Candela More articles by this author , Nicolò SchifanoNicolò Schifano More articles by this author , Alessia d'ArmaAlessia d'Arma More articles by this author , Luca BoeriLuca Boeri More articles by this author , Eugenio VentimigliaEugenio Ventimiglia More articles by this author , Rayan MatloobRayan Matloob More articles by this author , Federico DehòFederico Dehò More articles by this author , Francesco MontorsiFrancesco Montorsi More articles by this author , and Andrea SaloniaAndrea Salonia More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002565.12AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The actual aetiology of Peyronie’s Disease (PD) is still unknown. Although several associated risk factors have been identified (e.g., penile trauma, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, etc.) some patients develop PDdespite the absence of commonly recognised risk factors. We aimed to investigate the rate of and the clinical characteristics of men with PD and no risk factors versus patients with PD and at least 1 risk factor. METHODS: Complete demographic, clinical and laboratory data from 566 patients seeking first medical help for PDbetween 2015-2021 at a single tertiary-referral center were analysed. Every patient completed the IIEF-15 and PDQ questionnaires. Descriptive statistics was used to compare categorical and continuous variables, between the entire cohort segregated according to the presence of known risk factors, such as: diabetes, dyslipidemias, hypertension, ischemic cardiopathy, autoimmune diseases (e.g., Dupuytren’s disease or other connective tissue diseases), previous pelvic surgery (e.g., radical prostatectomy), smoking, alcohol consumption (>1L/week), erectile disfunction (ED), and low testosterone levels (< 3 ng/mL). Health-significant comorbidities were scored with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). In order to better measure the degree of curvature after intra cavernous injection (ICI) and evaluate the penile haemodynamic (peak systolic velocity (PSV) < 35 cm/s and/or resistance index (RI) ≤ 0.80 at 20 minutes after ICI), dynamic penile color doppler duplex ultrasound (CDDU) was suggested to all patients. RESULTS: Of 566, 96 (17%) patients did not report any associated comorbidity or risk factor, and none had a positive clinical history for penile trauma. No differences were found between groups in terms of PDQ scores in each PDQ subscale (i.e., Pain, Bother and Symptoms) and serum hormones. Patients with no risk factors had lower age (median (IQR) 48 (34, 56) vs. 58 (48, 64) yrs; p<0.001), BMI (23.7 (22.0, 26,2) vs. 25.4 (23.7, 27.8) kg/m^2; p<0.001) and CCI (CCI≥1 in 3 (3%) vs. 47 (10%) patients; p=0.04). IIEF-EF was lower in patients with known risk factors (median (IQR) IIEF-EF score 20 (9, 27) vs. 26 (16.50, 28.50); p=0,03). At CDDU, patients with no risk factors for PD had worse degree of curvature (70 (52.5, 90.0) vs. 50 (30, 80) degrees; p=0.02), better PSV values (44.6 (41.7, 53.2) vs. 37.9 (30.9, 42.1) cm/s; p=0,01) and comparable RI values. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one out of five men presenting for PD had no risk factors or known associated comorbidity. To our knowledge, this is the first study highlighting the clinical characteristics of this subgroup of patients. Source of Funding: None © 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 207Issue Supplement 5May 2022Page: e414 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Christian Corsini More articles by this author Paolo Capogrosso More articles by this author Edoardo Pozzi More articles by this author Federico Belladelli More articles by this author Giuseppe Fallara More articles by this author Massimiliano Raffo More articles by this author Daniele Cignoli More articles by this author Luigi Candela More articles by this author Nicolò Schifano More articles by this author Alessia d'Arma More articles by this author Luca Boeri More articles by this author Eugenio Ventimiglia More articles by this author Rayan Matloob More articles by this author Federico Dehò More articles by this author Francesco Montorsi More articles by this author Andrea Salonia More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...

PD23-07 PATIENTS' COMPLIANCE WITH SURGERY FOR PEYRONIE DISEASE: A MULTICENTRE EUROPEAN STUDY

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 May 2022PD23-07 PATIENTS' COMPLIANCE WITH SURGERY FOR PEYRONIE DISEASE: A MULTICENTRE EUROPEAN STUDY Paolo Capogrosso, Luigi Candela, Georgios Hatzichristodoulou, Juan I. Martinez Salamanca, Andrea Cocci, Marco Falcone, Edoardo Pozzi, Nicolò Schifano, Giorgio Ivan Russo, and Andrea Salonia Paolo CapogrossoPaolo Capogrosso More articles by this author , Luigi CandelaLuigi Candela More articles by this author , Georgios HatzichristodoulouGeorgios Hatzichristodoulou More articles by this author , Juan I. Martinez SalamancaJuan I. Martinez Salamanca More articles by this author , Andrea CocciAndrea Cocci More articles by this author , Marco FalconeMarco Falcone More articles by this author , Edoardo PozziEdoardo Pozzi More articles by this author , Nicolò SchifanoNicolò Schifano More articles by this author , Giorgio Ivan RussoGiorgio Ivan Russo More articles by this author , and Andrea SaloniaAndrea Salonia More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002565.07AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Surgery still remains the most effective treatment for Peyronie Disease (PD), despite different conservative therapies have been suggested over time. However, surgical procedures are associated with a non-negligible risk of complications and failures. We investigated patients’ willingness of being operated for PD. METHODS: Data of PD patients were prospectively collected in 5 different European academic centers between 2016 and 2020. Baseline data included age, time from PD onset, penile pain, curvature degree, difficulty at penetration, hour-glass deformity, erectile dysfunction (ED) and previous treatments. All patients were offered conservative treatments, including either oral therapy or topical injections. Tunical shortening or lengthening procedures were offered as an alternative to conservative treatments, when indicated. Penile prosthesis implantation was offered to those with concomitant ED. Patients compliance with surgery was recorded. Logistic regression analyses tested the profile of patients who were more likely to comply with surgery. RESULTS: Data were available for 343 patients. Median (IQR) age was 57.3 (49.8, 63.6) years. Median curvature was 40.0° (30.0, 65.0); of all, 48 (14%) patients had concomitant hour-glass deformity and 157 (46%) reported penile shortening. Difficulty at penetration and ED were reported by 161 (47%) and 134(39%) patients, respectively. Overall, 128 (37%) patients had been treated with tadalafil once daily for no less than 12 months; 54 (16%) received verapamil injections; 30 (9%) ESWT; and, 44 (13%) CCH injections. A significant improvement (defined as a curvature reduction≥20°) was reported in 69 (20%) cases. Overall, only 37% (126) patients were willing to undergo surgery for PD. Younger patients (OR:0.97, 95%CI: 0.95, 1.00; p=0.02), patients with more severe curvatures (OR:1.04; 95%CI: 1.03, 1.06 ; p=<0.0001) and patients reporting difficulties at penetration (OR: 1.88; 95%CI 1.04-3.41; p=0.03) were more likely to comply with surgery, after accounting for other clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS: Compliance to surgery is low among patients with PD, thus further stressing the urgent need for effective conservative treatments. Surgery should be comprehensively discussed with younger patients with a severe curvature. Source of Funding: None © 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 207Issue Supplement 5May 2022Page: e411 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Paolo Capogrosso More articles by this author Luigi Candela More articles by this author Georgios Hatzichristodoulou More articles by this author Juan I. Martinez Salamanca More articles by this author Andrea Cocci More articles by this author Marco Falcone More articles by this author Edoardo Pozzi More articles by this author Nicolò Schifano More articles by this author Giorgio Ivan Russo More articles by this author Andrea Salonia More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...

Are patients really willing to undergo surgery for Peyronie's disease?

ABSTRACT Introduction There is a current lack of effective conservative treatments for Peyronie Disease (PD). Surgery represents an effective treatment, despite being associated with bothering complications, including erectile dysfunction (ED). Objective We investigated patients wish of being operated for PD at a single center. Methods Data were prospectively collected for patients managed for penile curvature because of PD in 2016-2020. Baseline data included age, time from PD onset, penile pain, curvature degree, difficulty at penetration, concomitant hour-glass deformity and ED. All patients were offered conservative treatments, including oral therapy or topical injections regardless of curvature degree. Tunical shortening or lengthening procedures were offered as an alternative to conservative treatments. Penile prosthesis implantation was offered to those with concomitant ED. Patients compliance with surgery was recorded. Logistic regression analyses tested the profile of patients who were more likely to comply with surgery. Results Data were available for 218 patients. Median(IQR) age was 57(49,63) yrs and length of PD after onset was 14(3,28) months. Median curvature was 30°(20,45); of 218, 8(3.7%) patients had concomitant hour-glass deformity. Pain was complained by 30(14%) patients, while difficulty at penetration and ED were reported by 62(28%) and 87(40%) patients. Of all, 78(32%) patients had been treated with tadalafil OaD; 41(19%) patients received iontophoresis with verapamil; 35(16%) SWT; and, 31(14%) CCH injections. A significant improvement (defined as a curvature reduction≥20°) was reported in 52(24%) cases. Overall, only 59 (27%) patients were willing to eventually undergo surgery for PD. Younger patients (OR:0.95, 95%CI: 0.92,0.98;p=0.003) and patients with more severe curvatures (OR:1.03; 95%CI: 1.01,1.04;p=&amp;lt;0.001) were more likely to comply with surgery, after accounting for other clinical variables. According to this model, a man aged 50 yrs with a curvature &amp;lt;20° would accept surgery only in 24% of cases compared to 45% for a same age man with &amp;gt;45° of curvature (Fig1). Conclusions Compliance to surgery is low among patients with PD, thus further stressing the urgent need for effective conservative treatments. Surgery should be comprehensively discussed with younger patients with a severe curvature. Disclosure Work supported by industry: no.

Influence of the degree of polymerization and surface curvature on the supramolecular organization of fixated polythiophenes

Hybrid conjugated polymer (CP)/nanoparticle (NP) materials are found to be very promising materials displaying enhanced properties that exceed their individual counterparts. Those promising properties depend a lot on the organization of the CP within the hybrid material. However, not a lot is known about the supramolecular organization of CPs grafted onto NP materials. Previous research by Ceunen et al. has indicated a hampered organization, however, only small molecules grafted onto a single type on NP was studied. Additionally, new insights into the supramolecular organization of conjugated polymers (CPs) by addition of nonsolvent have demonstrated that a key step towards supramolecular organization is the formation of polymer-solvent clusters. This new information could provide a satisfactory explanation for the potentially disrupted supramolecular organization of CPs grafted onto nanoparticle surfaces as fixating the CPs prohibits the formation of these polymer-solvent clusters and thus no supramolecular organizations can be formed. In order to prove this hypothesis, an in-depth investigation concerning the supramolecular organization of grafted CPs is performed this manuscript by changing the size of the CPs and the nature and size (and thus surface curvature) of the NP material. The results indicate a strong inhibition of the supramolecular organization upon fixation of the CP polymer, which is in line with the formulated hypotheses. • Hybrid materials of nanoparticles and conjugated polymers. • Expression of chirality. • Precision synthesis.

PD23-02 COMPARISON OF COLLAGENASE CLOSTRIDIUM HISTOLYTICUM TO SURGERY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF PEYRONIE’S DISEASE: A RANDOMIZED TRIAL

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 May 2022PD23-02 COMPARISON OF COLLAGENASE CLOSTRIDIUM HISTOLYTICUM TO SURGERY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF PEYRONIE’S DISEASE: A RANDOMIZED TRIAL Benjamin Green, Megan Francis, Joshua Savage, Klinton Brearton, Alissa Tyler, and Landon Trost Benjamin GreenBenjamin Green More articles by this author , Megan FrancisMegan Francis More articles by this author , Joshua SavageJoshua Savage More articles by this author , Klinton BreartonKlinton Brearton More articles by this author , Alissa TylerAlissa Tyler More articles by this author , and Landon TrostLandon Trost More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002565.02AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Since FDA approval of Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum (CCH) for the treatment of Peyronie’s Disease (PD), there has been significant debate as to its comparable efficacy to surgical therapies. The current study objective was to compare various objective and subjective outcome measures between men undergoing CCH or surgery for PD. METHODS: A randomized, controlled trial (NCT04786106) is ongoing. Participants are randomized 1:1 to receive either CCH + traction (RestoreX) + sildenafil or penile surgery (plication and/or incision and grafting) + traction + sildenafil for PD. Objective, standardized (International Index of Erectile Function [IIEF] and Peyronie’s Disease Questionnaire [PDQ]), and non-standardized assessments are obtained at baseline, and post-treatment at 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months. The primary outcome is overall satisfaction. Secondary outcomes include standardized and non-standardized self-assessments, penile curvature, penile length, subsequent interventions, and adverse events. RESULTS: A total of 40/40 men have been randomized, with 3-month data available on 17 (CCH=8, surgery=9). Mean age was 54.9 years, PD duration 37.4 months, curvature 72.3 degrees, and penile length 12.7 cm. All baseline variables were similar between cohorts. For the primary outcome at 3 months post-treatment, CCH men reported higher overall satisfaction (100% vs 82% surgery, p=0.12). For secondary outcomes, the median differences between CCH and surgery were: IIEF-EFD (+3.5 vs +7, p=0.52), PDQ-physical (-9.5 vs -6, p=0.56, note: lower is better for PDQ scales), PDQ-pain (-5 vs 0, p=0.22), PDQ-bother (-4 vs -8, p=0.56), length change (+1.0 vs -0.5 cm, p <0.01), and curvature degree change (-21 [41%] vs -65 [85%], p <0.01). More CCH men reported improved sexual function (88% vs 70%, p=0.59), erectile function (75% vs 45%, p=0.16), penile length (63% vs 9%, p <0.01), and less impact on sensation (25% less sensation vs 55%, p=0.13), while surgery men were more likely to report satisfaction with curvature (73% vs 50%, p=0.31). 100% of men in both groups would recommend treatment to a friend. When asked which treatment they would pick if starting over, 100% of CCH men reported CCH and/or traction, while 80% of surgery men indicated surgery (p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary 3-month data suggests that when compared to surgery, CCH results in higher overall satisfaction (not statistically significant), decreased curve improvement, improved penile length, and fewer impacts on erectile function and sensation. Source of Funding: Endo Pharmaceutical © 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 207Issue Supplement 5May 2022Page: e409 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Benjamin Green More articles by this author Megan Francis More articles by this author Joshua Savage More articles by this author Klinton Brearton More articles by this author Alissa Tyler More articles by this author Landon Trost More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...

Curvature control of weft-knitted spacer fabric through elastic inlay

Wearable cushioning products that accommodate the body contours are challenging to fabricate. A method that controls the curvature of spacer fabric thus facilitating a high degree of conformity to the body is proposed here. Elastic yarn is inlaid into one of the surface layers and the feeding rate is controlled. The physical properties, curvature and compression properties of five samples with the same knitted structure but different feeding rate of the elastic yarn are evaluated. The results show a linear relationship between fabric curvature and feeding rate. Curved spacer fabric with a lower feeding rate has a greater degree of curvature and is thicker, but with a smaller fabric width, and lower weight and density. The compression stiffness and work of compression increase with curvature, which allows strategic cushioning in areas that are relatively more curved, such as the kneecaps. The proposed method can contribute to the development of protective garments.