Learning Curriculum Research Articles

Optimalisasi Pembelajaran Praktik Keterampilan Mengajar (PKM) Dalam Pelaksanakaan Program Asistensi Mengajar (AM)

The success of the Teaching Assistance program is supported by the optimal implementation of Teaching Skills Practice (PKM) learning. The good or bad implementation of PKM learning has close implications for the achievement of Learning (CPL) and the success of the Teaching Assistance (AM) program. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of Teaching Skills Practice (PKM) learning and the implementation of the Teaching Assistance program in the Social Sciences Education Department, FITK UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. The research method uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive analysis research type. The results of the study explain that: The implementation of the Teaching Assistance student program in the Social Sciences Education Department is not optimal and there are still many things that need to be evaluated again, because students are not ready to be deployed to the field. Efforts that can be made to optimize PKM learning in the Social Sciences Education Department are providing learning evaluation courses before implementing teaching assistance, socializing the process of compiling independent curriculum learning devices, providing training on learning media innovation, workshops on developing learning models and strategies, and in the implementation of teaching skills practice courses, it is necessary to emphasize an explanation of the importance of teacher professional ethics.

PELATIHAN ASESMEN IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM MERDEKA (IKM) BAGI GURU SEKOLAH DASAR KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO

of Education Kec. The source and the service team concluded that the problems in the primary school include (1) the teacher's lack of understanding of the Merdeka Curriculum Implementation Assessment, because it is considered only for IPA subjects, (2) the unavailability of supporting book references in the classroom or library related to the assessment of Merdeka Curriculum Implementation, (3) the learning has not been touched by literacy and technology innovations, and (4) Learning in Education The Merdeka Curriculum is still alien to teachers. The solution to this problem is to carry out Focus GroupDiscussion (FGD) activities and training learning activities through the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum Implementation assessment. Increasing the number of libraries is related to independent curriculum in learning, Independent curriculum learning training, Guidance of evaluation products of training results by teachers. External targets in this activity are to increase teachers' understanding of the concept of independent curriculum implementation assessment, document time schedule based student'activitys, (portfolio), reference book on Independent Curriculum Implementation Assessment for teachers (10 e-books from various sources), publication of activities in 1 mass media and 1 video of activity uploaded on youtube channel, 1 Draft evaluation result assessment of implementation of merdeka curriculum scientific articles in the form of an accredited journal (1 accredited journal article), 1 HKI.

PROJECT-BASED LEARNING: MORAL ETHICS EDUCATION FOR THE COMMUNITY TO SUPPORT NATIONAL RESILIENCE IN EAST JAKARTA

The Community Service (PKM) program, themed "Moral Ethics Education for the Community to Support National Resilience in East Jakarta," will be conducted from March 2024 to December 2024. This program is an integral component of the project-based learning curriculum of Universitas Darma Persada, East Jakarta. The objective is to improve the community's comprehension of moral ethics and the significance of national resilience within the framework of effective governance. The deployed strategies consist of distributing banners, leaflets, providing direct education to the community, and disseminating educational content via YouTube. The program's effectiveness is underpinned by cooperation among the academic community of Universitas Darma Persada, government agencies in East Jakarta, the populace in ten sub-districts, and business entities. A poll of 527 students revealed a necessity for community service programs aimed at bolstering national resilience and governance, namely in the areas of improving the national legal system and anti-corruption initiatives.

Current Situation and Countermeasures for the Development of Sculpture Speciality in Higher Education Institutions

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the development status quo of sculpture majors in China's higher education institutions and the challenges and problems they are facing, and to put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. Firstly, through sorting out the historical evolution, scale and distribution, educational content, faculty, academic research and creative activities of sculpture majors in China's institutions of higher learning, the basic development status of the current sculpture majors is summarised. Secondly, we analyse the problems and challenges of the sculpture majors in China's institutions of higher education in terms of education concept, faculty, curriculum, and combination of production, learning and research. Finally, in view of these problems and challenges, it puts forward countermeasures and suggestions such as updating the educational concept, strengthening the construction of faculty, optimising the curriculum, promoting the combination of industry, academia and research, and focusing on the cultivation of students' innovative ability and comprehensive quality, with a view to providing references to the development of sculpture majors in China's institutions of higher learning.

Development and Implementation of a Pediatric Pulmonary-Focused Active Learning Curriculum.

During the pediatric pulmonary rotation, trainees reported that while the clinical experience was robust, they desired more structured didactic sessions. Self-paced online modules can be an alternative but equally effective teaching tool. Multiple studies demonstrate the benefits of e-learning in medical education. Four interactive, case-based, e-learning modules on asthma, chronic cough, tracheostomy, and obstructive sleep apnea were created and piloted to pediatric residents and medical students in the pediatric pulmonology elective at the University of California, San Francisco and Oakland campus. Modules incorporated videos with experts, images, and multiple-choice questions to enhance learning. The modules were distributed via email on their first day of the rotation and were completed virtually by the trainees during their rotation. Progress was evaluated from December 2021 to July 2022 using pre- and postcourse questions assessing knowledge acquisition and decision-making skills. A total of 22 participants took part in the elective and completed the modules to varying degrees. This group included six fourth-year medical students and three first-year, five second-year, and eight third-year pediatric residents. Data showed an improvement in posttest scores across all four modules, ranging from 9% to 21%, with a large improvement in the obstructive sleep apnea module and a small improvement in the chronic cough module. Trainees reported that the modules supplemented and increased their knowledge base. Knowledge about managing common pulmonary conditions is critical for general pediatricians. Self-paced online modules are well accepted by trainees and are effective in improving knowledge and medical decision-making.

Use of Experiential Learning in Undergraduate Community Health Curriculum: Adverse Childhood Events and Trauma-informed Care.

Use of Experiential Learning in Undergraduate Community Health Curriculum: Adverse Childhood Events and Trauma-informed Care.

Analysis of the Implementation of the Independent Learning Curriculum in Informatics Subjects for Class VIII Students of Smpk Santo Yoseph Naikoten, Kupang City

This study aims to describe: 1) to analyze the implementation of the independent curriculum in Informatics learning for class VIII SMPK Santo Yoseph Naikoten, Kupang City 2) to analyze the obstacles and barriers in implementing the independent curriculum in Informatics learning for class VIII SMPK Santo Yoseph Naikoten, Kupang City, 3) to analyze efforts to overcome obstacles and barriers in implementing the independent curriculum in Informatics learning for class VIII SMPK Santo Yoseph Naikoten, Kupang City.This research is a qualitative research. The research was conducted at SMPK Santo Yoseph Naikoten, Kupang City in July 2024. The subjects of this study were the Principal, Class VIII Teachers, and Class VIII Students. Data collection techniques were carried out using observation, interviews and documentation. Activities in qualitative data analysis using interactive models, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study indicate that: 1) the implementation of the independent curriculum in Informatics learning has been realized well, the planning carried out is by analyzing CP, compiling TP, and making ATP. The implementation of learning has implemented differentiated learning that is adjusted to student needs and has compiled evaluations in the form of diagnostic assessments, formative and summative assessments, 2) there are obstacles and barriers such as less valid information, reference sources are still few, limited time in compiling teaching modules and assessments, 3) efforts made to overcome obstacles and barriers are by participating in seminars, webinars and workshops, increasing reference sources and utilizing the teaching module preparation guidebook provided by the government.

Physicians’ clinical experience and perspectives following a pilot, blended learning, point of care ultrasound course in Ghana- a mixed methods analysis

BackgroundPoint of Care ultrasound (POCUS) is rapidly gaining popularity in resource constrained settings. Optimising training is important to ensure safe and effective implementation. To expand POCUS expertise in Ghana, we co-developed and piloted a context specific, multi-disciplinary, blended learning programme, targeted at physicians of any grade or speciality providing acute care in the public health sector. In this retrospective mixed method study, we capture the “real world” experience of participants, using POCUS in their daily practice, as well as the barriers and enablers they perceived to implementation.ResultsEight emergency and internal medicine specialists and residents participated, working across three teaching hospitals, treating both general and specialist patients. They implemented each POCUS application taught, with cardiac indications, inferior vena cava (IVC) assessment, deep venous thrombosis (DVT) diagnosis, lung/pleural assessment and peripheral vascular access being most frequent at 3–6 times/week. An estimated 40% of patients could not have afforded any other diagnostic tests. They considered the pilot curriculum adequate for general practice and the majority of applications of low difficulty (71%). For cases sent for second opinion, they are self-reported that their findings were confirmed in 60–78% of cases. Perceptions about the relative advantage of POCUS over the usual approaches to diagnosing patients enabled implementation. Generally, they believed that POCUS improved their clinical decision making and that more certified training courses need to be run at lower cost to make them more accessible. All participants valued ongoing connections after training to ask for help and consolidate their skills. Continued evaluation and reflection on their POCUS practice to improve quality was unanimously reported as important, yet none had a formal system for this. The strongest barrier was access to equipment and maintenance. A lack of training opportunities and local mentors, and negative beliefs from other departments and hospital administration were further barriers.ConclusionOur new blended learning curriculum met the needs of physicians caring for patients with general and specialist presentations, with strong reported positive experience of improved bedside diagnostic capabilities, especially for the large proportion of patients unable to afford or access alternative diagnostic tests. Their experience drives the need for further training and for solutions to current barriers of equipment availability, training costs and lack of quality assurance mechanisms.

Development of Teaching Materials to Support Merdeka Curriculum Learning on Salt Hydrolysis for Phase F Senior High School

This aims of this research is to develop teaching materials that incorporate multiple representations of chemistry concepts, especially on the salt hydrolysis topic, to support the Merdeka Curriculum and improve students' mental models in the F phase of high school. Educational Research Development (EDR) is the method chosen, using Plomp’s development model. The subject are three UNP chemistry lecturers, two chemistry teachers and nine SMAN 8 Padang students. The developed teaching material have been validated with a construct validity value of 0.89 which is classified as valid and. Then it has also been tested for practicality with a score of 96% from teachers and 94% from students, this shows that the development teaching materials are very practical, which indicates their ease of use and application in an educational environment. It concludes, that the developed teaching materials are for the topic of salt hydrolysis, which incorporate a comprehensive range of chemical representations proven to be valid and highly practical can effectively assist students in building mental models and improving their understanding of chemical concepts and support the goals of the Merdeka Curriculum in fostering deeper student understanding.

A structured simulation-based mastery learning curriculum in chest tube insertion results in superior skills compared to traditional training programs.

Chest tube insertions (CTI) have a high complication rate, warranting a dedicated Simulation-Based Mastery Learning (SBML) curriculum to acquire technical skills. This randomized controlled trial compares residents' skills in CTI after completing a SBML curriculum with those enrolled in a traditional residency program. Junior residents were baseline tested on cognitive and technical skills (Thiel bodies) before randomization into an intervention and control group. The former deliberately trained CTI on a porcine rib model until passing a predefined pass/fail score and were then summatively tested on Thiel bodies. The latter had no additional training opportunities and was evaluated 3months later. Seventeen residents were recruited and randomized. Following the per-protocol principle, a significant interaction effect for Group×Procedure (F(1,14)=6.2, p=0.026) was observed. Between baseline and summative assessment, both the control group (28.0±8.2 vs. 43.6±8.1, p<0.001) and the intervention group (33.2±7.7 vs. 57.6±5.7, p<0.001) significantly increased their scores. The intervention group outperformed the control group at summative assessment (43.6±8.1 vs. 57.6±5.7, p<0.001). All participants in the intervention group and one resident in the control group achieved the pass/fail score. This SBML curriculum enabled quicker and superior skill acquisition. Skills trained on a porcine model are transferred to the highly realistic Thiel bodies and reach expert level, potentially increasing resident skill in clinical practice.

Application of Centralized Artificial Intelligence-eLearning Based System in Delivering Competency-Based and Equal Access to Quality Education in Tanzanian Secondary Schools

The delivery of competency-based and equal access to quality education is the main goal of developing countries to end poverty by 2030. The entire plan has been impacted by an emergency outbreak of diseases such as COVID-19 which caused schools to use unusual teaching methods to cover the learning curriculum due to school lockdown. The study examined the problem and used a purposive sampling technique to collect data from teachers in the Arusha region. Structured interviews and questionnaires data collection methods were used to collect primary data from head teachers, academic teachers, and computer subject teachers to examine the learning system and impact of COVID-19 in delivering competency-based and equal access to quality education. After data analysis, findings revealed that COVID-19 and traditional classroom teaching systems impacted the delivery of competency-based and equal access to quality education during school lockdown. This situation alters the good plans of the government for ending employment dependencies to society by promoting innovations, creativity, and self-employment opportunities by offering quality education. To address these challenges, the study recommends that the government implement a centralized Artificial Intelligence eLearning-based system in secondary schools to transform the traditional classroom learning system into a virtual classroom to avoid the interruption of the education calendar and personalize the students' learning outcomes based on his/her interests. To successfully enhance the delivery of competency-based and equal access to quality education for self-employment, the education system of Tanzanian secondary schools should focus on students’ learning content and not the curriculum coverage. This system will address the shortage of science and mathematics teachers facing secondary schools. Due to the significance of education in fighting against poverty, this article calls for amendments to the national ICT policy in education to address the challenges of an emergency outbreak of disease that has been affecting the sector of education.

Exploring Elementary School Student's Computational Thinking In Terms Of Cognitive Style

Mathematics learning in the independent curriculum emphasizes the pedagogical dimension which aims to create active students so that they are able to develop their thinking patterns and get them used to finding solutions to their own problems. This study uses qualitative methods to investigate elementary school students' abilities through computational thinking, focusing on the cognitive styles of Field Independence (FI) and Field Dependence (FD). The subjects in this study amounted to 14 fifth grade students of public elementary schools in Klaten Regency, Central Java Province. Researchers used data collection instruments in the form of test, learning style questionnaires and interviews. The number of test compiled consisted of 5 items. Before use, the test were validated by 3 mathematics education experts and tested on 5 fifth grade students. After validation and testing, the test that can be used consist of 3 test. Based on the results of tests and learning style questionnaires, research took one of the students' test results with a Field Independent learning style and 1 student with a Field Dependent learning style. The results of this study indicate that there are differences in the computational thinking process of the two subjects in solving problems. At the abstraction stage, FI students are able to answer important factors that need to be considered in making conclusions, FI students are also able to explain alternative solutions to the problems given appropriately. Meanwhile, FD students tend to work directly so they tend to experience errors at the pattern recognition, algorithm thinking and generalization stages. Thus, it can be concluded that students with a field independent cognitive style are more active in using computational thinking processes than students with a field dependent cognitive style.

Toward biologically realistic models of the motor system

In this issue of Neuron, Chiappa etal.1 describe how neural networks can be trained to perform complex hand motor skills. A key to their approach is curriculum learning, breaking learning into stages, leading to good control.

Efficient Neural Collaborative Search for Pickup and Delivery Problems.

In this paper, we introduce Neural Collaborative Search (NCS), a novel learning-based framework for efficiently solving pickup and delivery problems (PDPs). NCS pioneers the collaboration between the latest prevalent neural construction and neural improvement models, establishing a collaborative framework where an improvement model iteratively refines solutions initiated by a construction model. Our NCS collaboratively trains the two models via reinforcement learning with an effective shared-critic mechanism. In addition, the construction model enhances the improvement model with high-quality initial solutions via curriculum learning, while the improvement model accelerates the convergence of the construction model through imitation learning. Besides the new framework design, we also propose the efficient Neural Neighborhood Search (N2S), an efficient improvement model employed within the NCS framework. N2S exploits a tailored Markov decision process formulation and two customized decoders for removing and then reinserting a pair of pickup-delivery nodes, thereby learning a ruin-repair search process for addressing the precedence constraints in PDPs efficiently. To balance the computation cost between encoders and decoders, N2S streamlines the existing encoder design through a light Synthesis Attention mechanism that allows the vanilla self-attention to synthesize various features regarding a route solution. Moreover, a diversity enhancement scheme is further leveraged to ameliorate the performance during the inference of N2S. Our NCS and N2S are both generic, and extensive experiments on two canonical PDP variants show that they can produce state-of-the-art results among existing neural methods. Remarkably, our NCS and N2S could surpass the well-known LKH3 solver especially on the more constrained PDP variant.

GALA: Graph Diffusion-based Alignment with Jigsaw for Source-free Domain Adaptation.

Source-free domain adaptation is a crucial machine learning topic, as it contains numerous applications in the real world, particularly with respect to data privacy. Existing approaches predominantly focus on Euclidean data, such as images and videos, while the exploration of non-Euclidean graph data remains scarce. Recent graph neural network (GNN) approaches could suffer from serious performance decline due to domain shift and label scarcity in source-free adaptation scenarios. In this study, we propose a novel method named Graph Diffusion-based Alignment with Jigsaw (GALA) tailored for source-free graph domain adaptation. To achieve domain alignment, GALA employs a graph diffusion model to reconstruct source-style graphs from target data. Specifically, a score-based graph diffusion model is trained using source graphs to learn the generative source styles. Then, we introduce perturbations to target graphs via a stochastic differential equation instead of sampling from a prior, followed by the reverse process to reconstruct source-style graphs. We feed them into an off-the-shelf GNN and introduce class-specific thresholds with curriculum learning, which can generate accurate and unbiased pseudo-labels for target graphs. Moreover, we develop a simple yet effective graph mixing strategy named graph jigsaw to combine confident graphs and unconfident graphs, which can enhance generalization capabilities and robustness via consistency learning. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets validate the effectiveness of GALA. The source code is available at https://github.com/luo-junyu/GALA.

EfficientTrain++: Generalized Curriculum Learning for Efficient Visual Backbone Training.

The superior performance of modern computer vision backbones (e.g., vision Transformers learned on ImageNet-1 K/22 K) usually comes with a costly training procedure. This study contributes to this issue by generalizing the idea of curriculum learning beyond its original formulation, i.e., training models using easier-to-harder data. Specifically, we reformulate the training curriculum as a soft-selection function, which uncovers progressively more difficult patterns within each example during training, instead of performing easier-to-harder sample selection. Our work is inspired by an intriguing observation on the learning dynamics of visual backbones: during the earlier stages of training, the model predominantly learns to recognize some 'easier-to-learn' discriminative patterns in the data. These patterns, when observed through frequency and spatial domains, incorporate lower-frequency components, and the natural image contents without distortion or data augmentation. Motivated by these findings, we propose a curriculum where the model always leverages all the training data at every learning stage, yet the exposure to the 'easier-to-learn' patterns of each example is initiated first, with harder patterns gradually introduced as training progresses. To implement this idea in a computationally efficient way, we introduce a cropping operation in the Fourier spectrum of the inputs, enabling the model to learn from only the lower-frequency components. Then we show that exposing the contents of natural images can be readily achieved by modulating the intensity of data augmentation. Finally, we integrate these two aspects and design curriculum learning schedules by proposing tailored searching algorithms. Moreover, we present useful techniques for deploying our approach efficiently in challenging practical scenarios, such as large-scale parallel training, and limited input/output or data pre-processing speed. The resulting method, EfficientTrain++, is simple, general, yet surprisingly effective. As an off-the-shelf approach, it reduces the training time of various popular models (e.g., ResNet, ConvNeXt, DeiT, PVT, Swin, CSWin, and CAFormer) by [Formula: see text] on ImageNet-1 K/22 K without sacrificing accuracy. It also demonstrates efficacy in self-supervised learning (e.g., MAE).

Inculcating Multidisciplinary Learning in Electrical Engineering Undergraduate Curriculum through Problem-Based Learning

Abstract— Recently, the multidisciplinary engineering education has been growing rapidly reflecting current technological concern. Engineering graduates from cross domains like mechanical engineering, computer science and engineering, electronics engineering in current market are in great demand. The National Education Policy NEP-2020 supports learning from multidiscipline in developing curriculum which is integrated and flexible in various learning environments. The goal of the multidisciplinary approach is to produce new age engineers who can become changemakers in dynamically changing industry. One such industry emerging rapidly in recent decades is the Electric Vehicles (EV). Students in the third year of undergraduate engineering from multiple disciplines take up an open elective on Electric Vehicles (EV) as a part of their curriculum. Multidisciplinary learning is essential for engineering students since sustainable transportation with EVs necessitates a thorough understanding across several engineering domains. Students from different educational backgrounds frequently encounter difficulties due to the lack of disciplinary knowledge as the EV course is multidisciplinary. To address all these issues, the study in this paper proposes a conceptual framework for designing an Electric Vehicle (EV) course by integrating with Problem-Based Learning (PBL). To provide the students with the multidisciplinary learning experience we present this paper as a case-study on how the engineering courses can be integrated with PBL. Keywords — Problem-Based Learning (PBL), Electric Vehicles, Multidisciplinary Learning, Collaborative Learning, Learning Theories

The Role of Stress Management with dhikr-based relaxation techniques in Reducing Teacher Burnout in the Era of Independent Learning Curriculum

This study investigates the effectiveness of a stress management technique using Islamic spiritual practices, known as dzikir, to reduce burnout among high school teachers in the context of an increasing administrative workload under the implementation of the new curriculum. Teachers frequently face high stress levels due to administrative demands, leading to emotional exhaustion, reduced job satisfaction, and lower teaching quality. This research aims to assess the impact of dzikir on alleviating stress and improving emotional and spiritual well-being among teachers. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group involving 60 high school teachers divided into experimental and control groups. Quantitative data were collected through standardized burnout inventories, and qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews. Results indicated that the experimental group, which practiced dzikir, experienced a significant reduction in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, as well as improved personal accomplishment and job satisfaction compared to the control group. This study concludes that integrating spiritual-based stress management practices is highly effective in addressing burnout among educators, contributing to healthier teaching environments. By emphasizing culturally and spiritually relevant approaches, this research offers a practical solution for enhancing teacher well-being and supports the broader goals of improving educational quality in modern learning systems. These findings underline the importance of incorporating holistic, culturally sensitive interventions into education policy and teacher training programs.

Effective Instructional Strategies for the Development of Computational Thinking in Primary Education: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract This study consists of a 17-year (2006-2021) systematic literature review on the effective instructional strategies for developing Computational Thinking (CT) in primary school students (K-5). The aim of this paper is to identify instructional strategies that have been implemented and evaluated by means of a pre- and post-test, with the aim of developing CT as a thinking process (i.e. going beyond the mere acquisition of CS concepts). The analysis considers the overall pedagogical approach, with the intention of overcoming both the archetypal approaches to coding and the assessment tools used to measure CT acquisition. The results show that there is a strong difference between K-3 and 4-5 classes, the former being more the context for educational robotics or unplugged activities; they also show that a task-based approach is prevalent, whose effectiveness is limited to the first access to CS activities, namely improving self-efficacy and reducing learning anxiety. Nevertheless, this study also identifies some interesting models of problem solving (such as IGGIA or CPS) that go beyond the puzzle-based approach, as well as two significant teaching strategies (IDC and DBL) that try to promote more meaningful learning (typically including elements of constructionism), while enabling curricular learning objectives.

경계선 지능 초등학생의 잠재적 개발을 위한 문화예술교육의 교육적 지원

The purpose of this study is to propose educational support that can help elementary students with borderline intelligence overcome cognitive and emotional limitations through arts and cultural education. To this end, we analyzed the impact and effects of arts and cultural education based on previous studies, exploring educational approaches that cater specifically to the needs of elementary students with borderline intelligence. The findings show that incorporating arts and cultural education elements into curriculum learning can alleviate cognitive, social, academic, and emotional challenges faced by students with borderline intelligence. Based on these results, we suggest implementing blended arts and cultural education support that integrates experiential arts activities into subject learning, thereby complementing the limitations of conventional education. Future research is anticipated to further analyze the potential improvements in cognitive abilities, academic outcomes, and social skills according to different grades and selected arts and cultural items for students with borderline intelligence.