Analysis Of Curriculum Research Articles

Evaluating dynamics of developing motivation for improving foreign language competence among doctoral students pursuing non-linguistic programmes

Introduction. In modern socio-economic situation organization and implementation of the educational process for doctoral students majoring in non-linguistic fields can by characterized by insufficient motivation for studying foreign languages. One of the trends in the formation of the motivational field in modern doctoral students is a comprehensive assessment of the dynamics of motives development for improving foreign language competence. In addition, one of the most crucial tasks today is to attract university graduates to pursue advanced academic degrees. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary not only to improve the economic component of research and professional activities, but also to increase the motivational potential of degree programs, including programs for mastering foreign language competence. The purpose of the study is to identify interdependent relationships and interdependencies between the motives for improving foreign language competence and various methods of teaching a foreign language to doctoral students doing non-linguistic degrees. Materials and Methods. The methodological basis of this study includes international and Russian scholarly works in linguistic, psychological, educational and methodological fields. In addition, the study is based on data obtained by means of a survey, as well as analysis of curricula, syllabi and other regulatory documents of the regional University of Economics. Methods of mathematical statistics, the method of grouping and comparison, the historical and logical method, as well as socio-psychological methods have been applied in the study. Results. Based on evaluating the dynamics of motives development for improving foreign language competence in doctoral students of non-linguistic programmes, the authors identified interdependent connections and contradictions between the motives for improving foreign language competence and various methods of teaching a foreign language to doctoral students of non-linguistic majors. Recommendations aimed at increasing the effectiveness of forming a motivational field in studying foreign languages by doctoral students based on a learner-centered approach were developed, which allowed the authors to differentiate syllabi in accordance with the level of doctoral students’ language proficiency, as well as to maintain continuity of their foreign language education. Conclusions. In order to form a motivational field in studying foreign languages among doctoral students of non-linguistic programmes, the authors clarified specifics of the formation of doctoral students’ motivation to improve foreign language proficiency, which were used for developing recommendations for foreign language teaching. According to the authors, implementation of the obtained results into the educational process will contribute to developing doctoral students’ motivation to study foreign languages. The obtained data can contribute to the design of encouraging curricula for mastering foreign languages, which will ensure sustainable foreign language competence of doctoral students and add attractiveness to doctoral studies for Russian university graduates.

Research on the Development of Folk Music in Music Education of Higher Education

This study examines the development of ethnic music education in Chinese higher education, focusing on its current status, challenges, and strategies for improvement. It underscores the importance of ethnic music education in preserving cultural heritage, enhancing musical literacy, and promoting multicultural understanding. Through an analysis of curricula, teaching methods, faculty development, technology integration, and campus cultural activities, the study suggests a comprehensive approach to strengthening ethnic music programs. Key findings include the need for curricula that balance theory and practice, innovative teaching methods (e.g., the master-apprentice model and immersive technologies), and a faculty skilled in both academia and traditional music. The study also highlights the role of modern technology in preserving and sharing ethnic music, as well as the value of diverse campus activities to boost student engagement and cultural awareness. Challenges include curriculum standardization, maintaining authenticity in modern education, and resource limitations. The study concludes that overcoming these challenges requires collaboration between educational institutions, policymakers, and cultural practitioners. Implementing the proposed strategies will help preserve and evolve China’s ethnic musical traditions while preparing students for a globalized cultural landscape.

French language instruction in Galicia (1867–1939): Analysis of curricula, programs, and methodologies

This study investigates the evolution of French language teaching methodologies in Galicia from 1867 to 1939, with a particular focus on the transition from the grammar-translation and text-translation methods to the direct method. Utilizing a historical-analytical approach, the research draws upon a wide range of primary sources, including educational curricula, pedagogical reports, and theoretical works by contemporary educators. The study reveals that the early period of French language instruction in Galicia was dominated by methods that prioritized the systematic mastery of grammar through deductive learning, where reading and translating texts played a central role. Writing has been seen as the ultimate goal of language acquisition, while speaking was often relegated to a secondary position. However, a significant shift occurred by the end of the 19th century, influenced by contemporary linguistic theories such as Neogrammarianism and psychological principles like Gestalt psychology. These new approaches emphasized the importance of oral communication, the contextual understanding of language, and the integration of cultural knowledge into language instruction. The direct method, which emerged during this period, aimed to teach French in a more practical and communicative manner, encouraging students to speak the language from the outset and use it in everyday situations. Despite the shift towards the direct method, the study notes that some traditional practices, such as the use of the native language for explaining grammatical concepts, continued to persist. This research concludes that the evolution of French language teaching in Galicia was characterized by a gradual but profound transformation towards more communicative and student-centered approaches, which laid the groundwork for modern language pedagogy in the region. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the historical development of language teaching methods and suggest areas for further research, particularly in the long-term impacts of these pedagogical shifts on contemporary language education practices.

Evaluation of middle school 5th and 6th grade information technologies and software course curriculum within the framework of Demirel s analytical curriculum evaluation model

The aim of this study is to evaluate the 5th and 6th grade information technologies and software curriculum within the framework of Demirel's analytical curriculum evaluation model. The research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data of the study were obtained by examining the “middle school 5th and 6th grade information technologies and software course curriculum”, which was updated by the Ministry of National Education (MONE) in 2018, through document analysis. The findings were determined by analyzing the research data with descriptive analysis method in accordance with qualitative research. While determining the findings of the research, the program evaluation scale was used in the context of Demirel's analytical program evaluation model. The program evaluation scale consists of context, objectives, content, process and evaluation criteria. In addition to these criteria, it was discussed whether the program meets the needs and expectations of the society, the interests and needs of the students, the innovations in information and technology, and whether the achievements in the program cover the skills and core values in the program. As a result of the study, through the evaluation of the Information Technologies and Software course curriculum within the framework of DAPDEM, the strengths of the curriculum and the parts that need to be developed were revealed. It is thought that these findings will guide future curriculum development studies.

Healthcare Analytics Teaching Cases

This article introduces four case studies to integrate healthcare analytics topics into classroom learning. Each case study employs distinct analytical methods, including optimization with Excel Solver, multiple linear regression, Monte Carlo simulation, and time series forecasting models, providing diverse practical applications in healthcare analytics. The cases offer students hands-on experience in practical healthcare challenges, enhancing their analytical and decision-making skills. For each case, we provide a detailed background, an in-depth data description, and comprehensive teaching notes. These elements are structured to facilitate understanding and teaching analytics concepts. The article also summarizes student feedback collected from various courses where these case studies were implemented. This feedback consistently indicates that the cases significantly contributed to the student’s perceived learning, particularly in understanding and applying healthcare analytics in concrete scenarios. These case studies bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application and serve as a valuable resource for instructors seeking to enrich their healthcare analytics curriculum. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.

Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Big Data in Spanish Journalism Education: A Curricular Analysis

Artificial intelligence (AI) and big data have impacted different professional sectors in our society. Communication and journalism are clearly among them. From the automatic generation of content to the identification of topics of interest or monitoring of users’ usage habits, AI introduces important training challenges for professionals in the field of communication. Meanwhile, big data analytics enables data journalists to handle large amounts of information in an automated manner, allowing them to perform in-depth analysis of disorganized data. This study analyzes the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data in the curricula of journalism degrees offered by Spanish universities. The research employs quantitative and qualitative methods to examine the typology, syllabus, and distribution of subjects directly or indirectly addressing AI and big data topics, based on indicators such as structure, credit system, objectives, competencies, and professional profiles. The results reveal a scarce integration of AI and Big Data subjects in journalism curricula in Spain. Among the analyzed courses, only seven addressed data journalism as a complete course, while 19 introduced AI and Big Data as part of more general content. The study highlights the need for journalism education to adapt to the disruptive impact of AI and big data on the profession. It discusses the debate between focusing on teaching technological skills versus providing critical and ethical values. The research aims to contribute to the discussion on the readiness of journalism curricula to cope with technological advancements by analyzing the Spanish case.

The Informational-Educational Environment of Additional Professional Education for Learning the Basics of Green Construction

The relevance of the topic of the article is determined by the need to introduce promising green building technology into domestic construction practice. The purpose of the article is based on the analysis of the current situation with green construction in Russia to substantiate the need for students of the system of additional professional education to master the basics of green construction technology and to develop an educational retraining program and appropriate educational and methodological support related to the study of the basics of green construction. The following research methods are used: theoretical analysis of scientific results devoted to the identification of the essence of development and the establishment of trends in various systems of civil engineering education, analysis of curricula and manuals for architectural and construction training of students; expert analytical methods for evaluating the content of methodological and software tools designed to master special disciplines in architectural and construction training of students in the context of digital transformation of education. As a result of the analysis of scientific publications in the field of educational management, the need to improve the system in the field of architectural and construction training and the development of green building technology has been identified. The analysis of the existing shortcomings of traditional construction project management is carried out, the need to study the basics of green construction and develop appropriate educational and methodological materials implemented in the context of digital transformation of the construction industry is justified. The content structure for the development of an electronic educational resource for the study of the discipline is considered, the content of each block of content is described, and the connections between the blocks are shown. The reasons hindering the development of engineering management of green construction in Russia are systematized. Advanced training of students in the field of green construction will help to overcome the factors hindering the introduction of green technology in domestic construction. The results of the article may be of interest to specialists of architectural and construction universities engaged in the preparation of bachelors and masters for the construction industry in the context of digital transformation of education. Keywords: “green” construction, advanced training, construction education, system of additional professional education, electronic educational resource

Visions of peace: Exploring how Scottish youth understand and define peace

AbstractIn this article, we report on a study that explored how young people in Scotland understand and define peace. A total of 59 young people aged 12–18, from three schools (independent, state Roman Catholic, and state non-denominational) participated in this study. The young people were asked to participate in a peace data walk and, after that, to draw or paint pictures of what peace means for them in their local community and beyond. We utilize a combination of Personal Meaning Mapping, visual content analytic procedures, and visual art coding scheme to analyse the pictures. We drew on Critical Peace Education as an overarching framework to approach data collection and on the Peace Education Curricular Analysis framework to examine the presence of positive peace elements in youth drawings/paintings. Previous research in different contexts suggests that youth find it difficult to conceptualize peace, whereas it appears to be easy to explain war and negative peace (i.e., absence of war). Previous research conducted in Scotland showed that the curriculum focused on the element of wellbeing, with many other positive peace elements being either absent or not well represented. By contrast, youth in our study showed a strong understanding of positive peace, with a particular emphasis on the following facets: peace zone, eco mind, wellbeing, peace bond, and social justice. In our conclusion, we discuss these findings in relation to Scottish education policies and ways of capitalizing on this method of engagement and overall findings to support youth learning about peace.

Curricular Analysis of Digital Health and Health Informatics in Medical Colleges Across Saudi Arabia.

Introduction The integration of digital health and health informatics into medical education is essential for preparing future healthcare professionals in the rapidly evolving healthcare landscape. Digital health encompasses various technologies, including electronic health records, telemedicine, mobile health applications, and data analytics, all transforming healthcare delivery and management. Health informatics focuses on the efficient use of information technology to support and improve healthcare services. This study aims to analyze the extent to which digital health and health informatics are integrated into the study plans of medical colleges across Saudi Arabia, in alignment with the national goals outlined in Vision 2030. Methods A document analysis methodology was employed to review study plans and curricula from a purposive sample of medical colleges in Saudi Arabia. The sample included both public and private institutions such as King Abdul Aziz University, University of Bisha, Dar Al Uloom University, and Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University. Data were collected from official university websites, academic catalogs, and through direct communication with university departments. Key information regarding course offerings, credit hours, course content, and objectives related to digital health and health informatics was extracted and recorded in a structured format. Results The analysis revealed that only a few medical colleges in Saudi Arabia have integrated dedicated courses on digital health and health informatics into their curricula. For instance, Dar Al Uloom University, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, and University of Hail offer specific courses on medical informatics. However, the majority of the institutions either lack such courses or offer them in a limited capacity. The extent and depth of coverage of these courses vary widely among the institutions that offer them. Conclusion The study highlights the need for a more standardized and comprehensive approach to integrating digital health and health informatics into the medical curricula of Saudi Arabian universities. Recommendations include expanding course offerings, developing standardized curricula, investing in faculty development, and utilizing advanced technologies. Addressing these gaps will better prepare medical graduates for the modern, technology-driven healthcare environment and align with the national objectives of Vision 2030.

Playing by ear and the development of music skills at pre-school age

The aim of the present research was to investigate the evolutionary course of rhythmic development in pre-school children in a private kindergarten (age 4–5 years) in Athens, Greece, through Lucy Green’s ‘Playing by ear’ method. Tools and strategies taken from qualitative methodology, and more specifically from action-research were used. What was investigated was to what extent the ‘Playing by ear’ method developed the rhythmic skills of the students and to what extent it enhanced the students’ ability to play music in small groups without the teacher’s instructions. It is important to mention that the research was conducted in connection with the goals set in the Analytical Curriculum of the Greek Ministry of Education and Religious Affairs (ΥΠ.Ε.Π.Θ.). The results of the research showed that Green’s ‘Playing by ear’ method helped the students’ development of rhythmic ability with the use of musical instruments, as well as their rhythmic ability through kinetic behaviour. It also helped students to engage in early experimentation. Finally, the method enhanced the students’ ability to play music in small groups without the teacher’s continuous and direct instruction, developing in this way new communication and cooperation practices and skills.

Added Value in Mathematical Competences from Professional Training in Different University Programs

Purpose: This research aimed to identify the scope of the curricular design, with respect to the development of mathematical competencies evaluated in an internal test at entry (2014) and at the end of undergraduate training (2019), which evidenced the relationship between the competencies evaluated and those addressed during the academic program. Theoretical framework: This study used concepts related to added value in education, mathematical thinking and competencies and learning processes in the Colombian context. Methodology: The methodology employed is of positivist paradigm, with quantitative approach and non-experimental longitudinal design, applying an evaluation instrument "Eearly alerts", to then correlate these results with the number of credits of mathematical competencies in the academic pensum of the programs. Recommendations: This research can be used as an instrument for curricular analysis of the programs studied and is constituted as a tool that contributes to other Higher Education Institutions (HEI). Practical and social implications of the research: This research seeks to support curricular analysis and restructuring in the analyzed programs since it could be evidenced that the program that contributed the highest number of students to the very high category in the evaluation of mathematics competencies, which could be related to the number of credits assigned to potentiate this type of competencies. Originality/Value: To generate significant learning for the application of diagnostic tests in mathematics competencies, as well as to propitiate spaces for curricular analysis in university contexts.

Language Testing of Pre-service Foreign language Teachers in their Professional Development

Introduction. Changes in educational goals in Ukraine, predicated by its accession to the pan-European space of higher education, have necessitated a review not only of teaching methods but also of teaching and learning materials These materials should aim to improve the language proficiency of pre-service students while equipping them with the tools necessary to address potential challenges in the classroom. Purpose. The article aims to scrutinize the role of language testing in the professional development of pre-service foreign language teachers. Methods. Reviewing studies on Methods for foreign language teaching and learning, Psychology, Pedagogy, Linguistics; analysis of curricula, syllabi, international tests, textbooks, study guides, dictionaries, including authentic ones; scientifically rigorous observation of the educational process; summarizing the positive work experience of university teachers. Results. Recognizing the lack of teaching materials, a group of university teachers from Ukrainian Institute of Arts and Sciences developed and published a manual “English Tests For University Students”. Subsequent experience with the book revealed the students’ positive attitudes towards language testing for assessing their foreign language communicative competence, citing its objectivity and validity. University teachers also highlighted the practicality, convenience, and cost-effectiveness of this form of assessment. Conclusion. Overall, despite obvious advantages of and progress in language testing, its wide-scale implementation requires university teachers to possess adequate knowledge and experience in this area, as well as awareness and readiness for its regular use in the classroom. Moreover, the development of tests remains challenging due to its time-consuming nature and the need for relevant theoretical knowledge, practical skills, and experience. This has resulted in a shortage of tests for pre-service foreign language teachers. Further research in this domain seems perspective for our future work.

The foreign literature in the school: towards intertextual reader-student thesaurus problem statement

Introduction. The importance of intercultural dialogue as a basis for mutual understanding between representatives of different countries was emphasized in International Commission on the Futures of Education (UNESCO) report «Reimagining Our Futures Together: A New Social Contract for Education» [15]. Foreign literature is an integral part of school literary education system in Russia and an important element in the development of intercultural dialog. The aim of the article is to actualize the educational potential of studying foreign literature at school and to raise the problem of methodological research of intertextual thesaurus of high school and college students. The aim of the article is to foreground the educational potential of studying foreign literature at school and to raise the methodological research problem of intertextual senior pupils’ and students’ thesaurus. Materials and methods. Comprehensive analysis of scientific and educational literature about the history of Russian methodology of the XIX-XXI centuries; analysis of curricula, scientific publications about studying world literature at school, including dissertation research, were analyzed. 172 students of the Institute of Defectology Education and Rehabilitation of Herzen Russian State Pedagogical University took part in the pilot survey. The aim of this survey is to identify students’ intertextual thesaurus in the field of foreign literature. The materials for the survey were questions and tasks on the knowledge of foreign writers' names and quotations from the dictionary-guide for schoolchildren. Results. The study has shown that a system of studying foreign literature has been formed in Russian school at the beginning of the XXI century. On the basis of the scientific researches analysis the trends in reading and studying foreign literature in modern school as well as directions of contemporary methodological research were identified. The pilot survey revealed students’ insufficient level of foreign literature knowledge. The same low level of students’ knowledge of literary quotations from the world classics works was also established. For instance, among the names of foreign classical writers which were known to the respondents only 35 percent named Shakespeare, 7 percent – Goethe, less than 5 percent – Dante. 48 percent of the total number of respondents recognized quotations from world classics. The necessity of building an intertextual thesaurus system development of modern reader-schooler on the basis of the principle of cultures dialog is substantiated. Conclusion. At the end of the research the further directions of work in the field of intertextual thesaurus of modern reader-schooler were defined. It can be accomplished with the practices of reading and studying foreign literature texts.

The disciplinary matrix of applied arts and artistic cultures

AbstractApplied arts and artistic cultures are taught in vocational high schools, in France, with the aim of developing civic and social skills in students, which are cross‐cutting or generic. To achieve this, this design education revolves around the creation and conception of artefacts. This article explores epistemological issues relating to the role and nature of design education in vocational high schools. Following Kuhn, it proposes a disciplinary matrix of the subject, characterized by objects, knowledge (declarative and procedural) and a set of tasks. These different components make it possible to present a curricular analysis grid of design education in vocational high schools over the past 30 years. This reveals a curriculum development correlated to the evolution of design as an involved social practice. Additionally, the integration of Mitcham's technological manifestations framework enriches this analysis, offering a more comprehensive perspective on the role of technology in design education. This approach indeed clarifies what needs to be taught, fosters the evolution of teaching methods and incorporates new elements such as sustainable development, the environment, collaboration and information technologies. These adjustments reflect changes in professional practices and contribute to civic education in the context of sustainability and ethical challenges. This article makes a significant contribution to debates on the epistemological basis for design education, in France and beyond.

Employing Characters in the (Shayout's Novel) By (Hatem Hussein Hatem): Study in Narrative Mechanism

The Arabic novel has witnessed great demand at the present time by readers, critics, and researchers. This is due to the importance of the novel; In that it was one of the most famous types of prose literary arts in absorbing reality and portraying it in a brilliant artistic manner. Given the remarkable development that the Saudi novel has witnessed and its prominent position in the Arab literary space; I devoted my studies to talking about a novel from Najran literature (Shayuot) by the writer (Hatem Hussein Hatem). In my research, I focused on the personality element. Its role in constructing the novel and presenting its events. It also focused on the mechanisms of recruiting the main characters in the novel, and the relationship of the character element to other narrative elements: (place, time, language, and plot). Based on the structural approach; In that it was the most appropriate method for analyzing and studying fictional works. In this study, I tried to answer the following problems: Mechanisms for the writer’s use of novel characters in his novel? How were the main characters embodied in the novel?  The extent to which the writer linked the main characters of the novel to the other artistic elements of the narrative, and how did that linking affect the pace of narration in the novel? Research goals:  Introduction to storytelling, and clarifying the elements of narrative in the Arabic novel.  The study of the character in the Arabic novel: its concept, its dimensions.  Extrapolation of the main characters in the novel (Shayout) by Hatem Hussein Hatem.  Clarification of the character's relationship - being an essential element of the narrative - to other narrative elements (place, language, events).  Revive the Najran environment by revealing the accent, and the Najran heritage of the main characters in the novel. Research literature: The idea of the project has come to support the link between literature and society, as the specialized studies in Najran literature are almost too few, including:  The Poetry Movement in Najran in Pre-Islamic times and the beginning of Islam, Fayza Raddad Al-Otaibi, published by the Najran Literary Club 1430 (published master’s thesis).  Boys' games in ancient Arabic poetry and the extent to which they are associated with Najran games in modern times, Dr. Essam Muhammad Qabisi, Dr. Zuhair bin Hassan al-Omari, Journal of the Faculty of Science of the University of Fayoum, 2014.  The Proverbs of Najran region: Objective study, Dr. Zuhair bin Hassan Al-Omari, Journal of the Faculty of Dar Al-Ulum, Cairo University, 2016.  Zaid bin Abdul Madan Al-Najrani: His political role and literary heritage between two times, Dr. Awad bin Abdullah bin Nahi, dr. Essam Muhammad Qabisi, Journal of the University of Pesha for Humanities, 2022. Research curriculum: In my study, I relied on the structural curriculum and the analytical curriculum; In clarifying the mechanisms for the recruitment of narrative elements, the character's relationship with other narrative elements, as well as the use of some other curricula, such as psychological curriculum and descriptive; who help reach the depths of the novelist's character and analyze it. Research Plan:  First topic, the concept of narrative, and the definition of its elements.  The second topic: Character concept, dimensions.  Third topic: The main characters, and their dimensions in Shyuot's novel.  Fourth topic: The relationship between characters and other narrative elements.  Fifth topic: Reviving the Najran environment in the Shyuot novel.  Then the conclusion: with the most important conclusions and recommendations, and then indexes.

Curricular Analysis of the Medicine Career at the University of Buenos Aires

Curricular Analysis of the Medicine Career at the University of Buenos Aires

Solving the problem of insuffi cient continuity of school and university education in the fi eld of mathematics (experience of Ural Federal University)

The relevance of the article is determined by the insufficient continuity of school and university mathematical training of modern students studying engineering. The purpose of the article is to develop adaptive educational materials for studying the basics of mathematical statistics by students of the Institute of Construction and Architecture of Ural Federal University. Practical skills formed in the process of applying the manual are used by students in the processing of experimental data in the course of preparing final qualification works and master’s theses. As part of the development of the manual, trends in changes in various systems of engineering and construction education were studied, an analysis of curricula and manuals for the preparation of students of architectural and construction training was carried out. The manual discusses frequently used statistical methods, the study of which ends with a step-by-step algorithm for solving a specific numerical problem, implemented by using the MS Excel spreadsheet.

The ADDIE Model in Instructional Design: NUST MISIS Case Study

Theoretical and methodological analysis of research devoted to pedagogical design has revealed a shortage of empirical design model implementation descriptions. The article examines the case of ADDIE model application to design an «English Language» course for master degree students at University of Science and Technology MISIS. New approaches to course design are vital to raise education competitiveness, which in turn is subject to objective contemporary social trends. The first stage of ADDIE model (Analysis) was based on needs assessment conducted among master degree students in the form of questionnaires, as well as 2020-2023 course curricula analysis in terms of competencies indicated by major courses departments for the subject area “English Language” in accordance with the FSES HE 3++ requirements. The article gives insight into course description, structure and principles which reflect the coherent progress of Design, Development and Implementation stages. Evaluation process is demonstrated through post-course questionnaire analysis to assess the dynamics of student satisfaction, as well as the analysis of course examination/completion results in 2020-2021 approbation year, after conceptual and content changes were made. The data show that the program fully complies with the expectations of master degree students of non-linguistics majors from the «English Language» course, allows to ensure positive foreign language acquisition and enhanced course completion. The conclusion drawn is that the application of five-stage-ADDIE framework makes for smooth and clear course design, given 1 semester and mixed-level master degree students of different non-linguistics majors.

Knowledge Base for Classroom Preparedness: Analyzing Initial English Language Teacher Education in Kyrgyzstan

This study examines the extent to which the Initial English Language Teacher Education (IELTE) program curriculum facilitates the development of the necessary knowledge base to ensure prospective English language teachers’ classroom preparedness. Data were collected through curricular analysis of four IELTE programs and semi-structured interviews with four program directors and 10 early career English teachers to evaluate IELTE program effectiveness to prepare teachers, at least, entry-level teaching. Findings indicate that contextual factors such as rigid national policy documents, teacher educators’ limited competencies and their role in curriculum development and implementation, the status of the IELTE programs within the universities, lack of collaboration between IELTE programs and schools contributed to the inefficiency of IELTE programs to ensure prospective English teachers’ classrooms preparedness. Thus, English teachers were not prepared to carry out their jobs effectively because the knowledge base that prospective teachers acquire and develop through the IELTE program did not correspond to what they need in their classrooms for effective teaching.

About the values: curricular analysis of physical education at secondary schools in different countries

Education in general and Physical Education (PE) is a time and space where the dimensions of knowledge are taught and learned, as well as issues of human behavior and relationship, both individually and collectively. We are talking about human values and virtues. PE as a curricular subject is undoubtedly a place where values can be taught and lived. The aim of this theoretical curricular study was to analyze the secondary school curricula of six different countries: Brazil, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Spain, Portugal, England. These countries were deliberately chosen according to a basic criterion i) being from different continents, ii) the PE curriculum must be a National public policy, iii) different languages (Spanish, English, Portuguese) and iv) access to the curriculum document to carry out the analysis. We assumed that countries with different cultures, languages, traditions, politics, religions - traditional and new religions - could present different or the same values/axiological perspectives. The results showed that the values most taught in PE classes are respect, tolerance, fair play, teamwork and cooperation - values common to all countries. There seems to be a common feature of what is human (regardless of the region of the globe). There are desirable values that are inscribed in human being, in living individually and together. Keywords: Human Values, Physical Education, High School, Curriculum Assessment