Current Training Programs Research Articles

Genetic counseling job market in the United States and Canada: An analysis of job advertisements 2014-2016.

Genetic counseling careers continue to evolve, yet there remains a lack of information about hiring trends in the genetic counseling profession. In this study, job advertisements in the United States and Canada were analyzed, using the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) Job Connections and the American Board of Genetic Counseling (ABGC) eBlasts from 2014 to 2016 to appraise job roles, qualifications, settings, specialties, and type. NSGC had 1875 advertised openings from 2014 to 2016, while ABGC had 373 advertised openings. Jobs containing a "counseling" role increased as a percentage from 2014 to 2016 when advertised by NSGC (χ2 =25.52, p<0.000001) but decreased each year from 2014 to 2016 as a percentage when advertised through ABGC (χ2 =14.29, p=0.0008). In the ABGC job postings, it was noted that 36% of job postings were advertised for other specialties (not solely cancer, pediatric, or prenatal) in 2014, and increased to 67% in 2016 (χ2 =10.09, p=0.02). Examining the job specialties posted by ABGC and NSGC, several new or unique roles were found in the job advertisements such as ophthalmology counselor, variant curator, rare diseases information specialist, and clinical policy analyst. Roles for temporary, contract or fellowship positions are possibly becoming more common, along with small upturns in positions that are off-site or remote. In analyzing the changing workforce, there was a statistically significant decrease identified in jobs advertised by NSGC in the laboratory setting from 28% in 2014 to 17% in 2016 (χ2 =24.12, p=0.000024). This information on the evolving career of genetic counseling is valuable for the current workforce and training programs as they adapt with the changing landscape of the profession.

Unexpected Lessons from a Mass Casualty Simulation: Strategies for Management of the Minimally Injured Can Increase Efficiency and Decrease Chaos

Introduction:The SALT Triage system has been advocated as an easy-to-use sorting and treatment system for mass casualty incidents (MCI). Minimally injured (GREEN) patients tend to be in the majority and may cause impediments to access and treatment of the most critically injured (RED). By identifying flaws in MCI communications that impair effective patient care, responders can be more effective.Aim:To discover strategies that effectively manage the minimally injured and leverage their help, increasing triage efficiency and treatment of the immediate casualties.Methods:Direct observation, after-action debriefing, and literature search.Results:The literature was vague regarding recommendations on a bystander and trained provider communication best practices. Feedback from standardized patients (actors) and participants during a structured debriefing following a 2018 American Society of Anesthesiology MCI exercise suggested that triaging providers under stress may communicate poorly, contributing to increased patient anxiety, disruptive behavior, and less effective team dynamics during a disaster. Strategies suggested include: eye contact; therapeutic touch (culturally appropriate); using slow, clear, reassuring speech; clearly explaining what is happening and why (sickest (RED and YELLOW) first priority, minimal (GREEN) next, expectant (BLACK) last); acknowledging their emotional state and their grief (not ignoring them); assigning nontechnical tasks to those capable of helping (putting pressure on a wound, moving casualties, or comforting the injured, dying, and the emotionally distraught).Discussion:Bystander engagement has been repeatedly identified as a means to increase the capacity of first responders to provide care to patients during an MCI. Utilization and management of the minimally injured and any uninjured bystanders and responders can become a force multiplier for the triage/treating responders. Developing a best practice dialogue to be used in training first responders could help improve many of these issues and augment current MCI training programs.

Intervencionismo percutáneo cardiológico y cirugía cardiaca: el paciente en el centro de los procesos. Documento de posicionamiento de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología

The percutaneous treatment of coronary artery disease and some structural cardiovascular diseases has undergone spectacular changes. More and more patients with different types of heart disease are being treated by percutaneous or transcatheter interventions, with no such increase in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. This situation has led to different types of approach, requiring an objective analysis that includes all the factors possibly influencing these changes. This document assesses the 2 scenarios where this problem is most evident: coronary revascularization and the treatment of aortic stenosis. The document analyzes the situation of coronary revascularization in Spain, and the causes that may explain the differences between the number of patients who currently undergo percutaneous revascularization and those who undergo coronary surgery. In contrast, treatment of aortic stenosis through transcatheter aortic valve implantation will lead to a foreseeable reduction in the number of candidates for surgical replacement. Several international scientific societies have published the requirements on training and experience and the necessary operator and center volumes to implement a transcatheter aortic valve implantation program, conditions that the Spanish Society of Cardiology, adopting a patient-centered approach, considers absolutely essential. Given that the 2 forms of intervention (percutaneous and surgical) are complementary, multidisciplinary patient assessment (Heart Team) remains crucial to offer the best treatment option. In this scenario of diverse approaches, a key figure is the clinical cardiologist. Finally, the changes currently occurring in the treatment of structural heart disease will, in future, lead to the performance of procedures requiring the participation of professionals from both specialties. This approach will require a redesign of current training programs.

Training Requirements for Theranostics: A Unique Opportunity for Collaboration.

The current training programs relevant for theranostic therapy include nuclear medicine and radiation oncology. Each has independent residencies of several years duration with accredited board certifications. Nuclear medicine is focused on the use of radioisotopes for both diagnostic and therapeutic

Anthropometric and Motor Characteristics of South African National Level Female Soccer Players.

Data regarding anthropometric and motor characteristics of elite national level female soccer players are scarce. Determining these characteristics may likely assist in evaluating the specificity of current training programmes, identify players who might lack specific qualities deemed critical for the successful execution of their tactical roles, and benchmark norms for developing future playing talent. Therefore, the aims of this study were to describe anthropometric and motor characteristics of South African national level female soccer players (n = 37) and determine possible differences with regard to their playing position. The following measurements and tests were performed: anthropometry (body mass index and sum-of-skinfolds), the countermovement jump, sprints (10 m, 20 m and 40 m), upper body muscle endurance (push-ups) and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test - level 1. One-way analysis of variance revealed few differences in the main outcome variables. Fischer Least Significant Difference (LSD) showed that strikers had a greater body mass index than midfielders and defenders (both p = 0.04) and goalkeepers were heavier than defenders (p = 0.02). Goalkeepers were slower than strikers and defenders over 10 m (p = 0.01; p = 0.03) and 20 m (p = 0.001; p = 0.01). Midfielders were slower than strikers over 20 m (p = 0.02), and with strikers and defenders over 40 m (both p = 0.04). Defenders performed better than goalkeepers in the upper body muscle endurance test (p = 0.02). In conclusion, both strikers and defenders require speed to win ball possession, which may explain their fast sprint times. However, the similarity of certain motor characteristics across playing positions may suggest that conditioning coaches train players similarly, irrespective of their tactical position. The authors suggest that South African fitness professionals, particularly at a club level, develop physical conditioning programs specific to each field position. Furthermore, fitness assessments should occur on a continuous basis and comparisons should be made with existing normative data in order to guide the development of players over the course of their careers.

Training non-physician anaesthetists in sub-Saharan Africa: a qualitative investigation of providers’ perspectives

ObjectivesTo explore the views of non-physician anaesthesia providers (NPAPs) and their colleagues regarding the effectiveness of NPAP training programmes in three contrasting sub-Saharan African countries.DesignThis was a qualitative exploratory descriptive...

Case study on self-efficacy and needs of Korean EFL secondary teachers

This study investigated pre- and in-service teachers’ self-efficacy and their needs as EFL secondary teachers in Korea. A total of 23 teachers (12 pre-service teachers and 11 in-service teachers) voluntarily participated in the study. Teachers’ self-efficacy survey (i.e., theoretical knowledge, language ability, instructional strategies, and classroom management), needs analysis, and interviews were collected for data analysis. The study found that both group teachers did not reveal a strong sense of self-efficacy overall, and the in-service teachers group felt more efficacious in the areas of knowledge and instructional strategies. Moreover, although the English curriculum in secondary school aims to improve students’ communicative ability and cultural understanding, teachers showed a low level of self-efficacy in these areas, feeling unassured about their language ability as well as about their awareness of the target culture. Based on the findings, the study provided some suggestions for improving the current secondary teacher training program.

Effect of Basic Life Support Training on Knowledge and Practice of Preparatory School Teachers in Sheben Elkom City, Menoufia Governorate,Egypt

Background: Early recognition and immediate bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation are critical determinants of survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Presence of qualified teachers who can detect any health problem and can give first aid for emergencies in schools is a very important issue. Objective: It was to assess knowledge and practice of preparatory schools' teachers before and after application of Basic Life Support training program in Sheben Elkom city, Menoufia governorate. Methods: A sample of 300 teachers participated in the study; they were selected by simple random sampling technique. They had completed a pretest through using a questionnaire to assess their knowledge while their practice was assessed through a checklist followed by application of BLS training program for them. Their knowledge and practice were re-evaluated 3 months later by same tools. Results: A sample of 300 teachers had participated in the study; male sex was predominant (79.7%) and middle socioeconomic status constituted (84.3%). Post-test mean knowledge and practice scores (10.11 ± 1.8) & (7.46± 1.4) respectively were higher than pretest mean knowledge and practice scores (2.04 ±2.4) & (3.44 ± 0.85) respectively. There was a highly statistically significant difference in their knowledge and practice scores pre and post BLS training program (p value < 0.001) for each. Conclusion: Current Basic Life Support training program was successful in enhancing knowledge and practice of preparatory school teachers.

Resident satisfaction regarding surgical training programme in Eastern Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe satisfaction of surgical residents with their training programs is a key indicator for program effectiveness. This survey was conducted to assess the level of perceived satisfaction of surgical residents with the current training programs in Eastern Saudi Arabia. Materials and methodsResident satisfaction was measured by questionnaire in 119 selected participants at 9 training centers in Eastern Saudi Arabia, as part of the general surgery residency program of Saudi Commission for Health Specialties. ResultsThe survey response rate was 69.7% (83/119) resident participants. A total of 37 (44.6%) residents expressed dissatisfaction with their current training programs. The residents were least satisfied with research opportunities (78.3%), followed by faculty didactic involvement (59%), mentorship (51.8%), and case volume (41%) offered in their programs. ConclusionThe general low level of satisfaction among surgical residents in Eastern Saudi Arabia warrants a national review of the current programs. Resident satisfaction should be considered as a potent factor while conferring accreditation to surgical training programs across the country.

Teaching of chronic pain management in a low- and middle-income setting: a needs assessment survey.

Introduction:Pain is the most common reason for patients to see their physicians. For this reason, every physician should be able to diagnose and manage pain correctly.Objectives:The objective of this survey was to identify gaps in the teaching on chronic pain and its management in the current training programs at the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences (UZCHS).Methods:A focused needs assessment using a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from participants was performed. A copy of the English Version of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) curriculum on Pain for Medicine was attached for participants to refer to. Faculty and final-year postgraduate students were eligible. Questions were on the current teaching practice on chronic pain at the UZCHS.Results:Faculty members and postgraduates from 15 of 19 departments in the college participated in the study. Only 2 departments have written chronic pain teaching curriculum. Most faculty members, 68% had no knowledge of the IASP curriculum or its existence. Seventy-seven percent of the respondents were strongly dissatisfied with the current pain-related content, teaching or learning strategies in their programs. Most respondents suggested the need for the adoption of an interprofessional education learning strategy and adopting the IASP curriculum.Conclusion:The current teaching practice on chronic pain at the UZCHS is inadequate to prepare the health care professionals to independently care for chronic pain patients.

An objective structured teaching exercise for faculty training and assessment of teaching ability in interprofessional collaborative practice and education.

Objective:Improving clinical teachers’ ability to teach interprofessional collaborative practice warrants development in current faculty training programs; in particular, current education training emphasizes experiential learning and multiple teaching strategies. The purpose of this study was to establish a teaching model to apply interdisciplinary collaborative care and to improve clinical teachers’ execution of interprofessional practices.Materials and Methods:Health-care faculty members were studied; this study assessed a teacher education curriculum for interprofessional education (IPE) and applied an objective structured teaching exercise (OSTE) to evaluate IPE execution by clinical teachers.Results:The OSTE improved clinical teachers’ IPE execution, verifying the necessity for multistrategy teaching in faculty training programs.Conclusions:This study provides different types of interprofessional faculty training and assessments. Development of an OSTE requires long-term planning, and IPE should also be incorporated into formal programs.

The Optimization of HY Company's New Employee Training Program

As a real estate construction company, HY company keeps expanding its business scope and is gradually expanding its business scope to the whole country. In this context, HY company has a strong demand for human resources and constantly improves the requirements for new employees. The existing HY company's training system for new employees can no longer meet the requirements of the current company. In this case, this paper aims to collect questionnaires filled out by grassroots employees of HY company, interview managers' requirements for new employees and managers' opinions on the current training system for new employees, as well as analyze and discuss the current training programs of HY company. Discover the inadequacy among them and the outstanding problem that exist. On this basis, the training system for new employees of HY company was optimized and designed with grassroots new employees as the object, and the scheme was constantly improved and improved in the process of practice.

General surgeons' approach to laparoscopic inguinal hernia surgery and training expectations in Turkey: A web-based survey

Aim: In this study, we aimed to determine the approach of general surgeons toward laparoscopic inguinal hernia surgery and training needs of surgeons and to collate data that will help formation of training programs or the development of current training programs. Material and Methods: A survey study was designed with 15 questions, including questions regarding determination of characteristics of their trainings, surgical preferences, and their knowledge and approach toward laparoscopic inguinal hernia surgery. General surgeons in Turkey invited to study on a voluntary basis by using Turkish Surgical Association’s official website. Results: A total of 160 surveys were completed included to the study. Of the total participants, 54.4% included laparoscopic hernia surgery in their daily applications. It was observed that most prevalently used surgical method (60.9%) was total extraperitoneal approach. Of 73 participants, 39 (52.8%) who did not include laparoscopic inguinal hernia surgery into daily surgical procedures stated that they inform the patients about laparoscopic inguinal hernia surgery during the pre-operative evaluation. The rate of performing laparoscopic inguinal hernia surgery was found to be lower among those who had been working for ≥10 years (p = 0.001). Moreover, it was observed that only 18 (34.6%) of the 52 participants, who had been working for ≥10 years and who did not include laparoscopic hernia repair into their daily surgical procedures, wanted to receive training. Conclusion: General surgeons have a difference of opinion on the benefits of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. It is necessary to determine the obstacles for laparoscopic inguinal hernia surgery to be performed prevalently. Academic institutions designing and bringing the training programs into action can help inform surgeons who want and need the trainings, and success can be obtained in shortening the time the learning curve takes and lowering of the recurrence and complication rates by continuous medical training programs conducted routinely.

From dialogue to a training field. The next challenge of professional learning of novice school principals in Israel

Summary Year 2008 was a dramatic turning point in Israel concerning the professional development of school principals. This shift is reflected in the conception of the principal as an „instructional leader”22, thus Israel has formally adopted the integrative approach to principal development that emphasizes principal’s work in the post-modern era alongside the development of individual „managerial identity”; and the reflective abilities to strengthen implicit knowledge23. The professional development of novice principals provides a significant touchstone in the examination of the new training program that has been underway for the tenth year. This program assisting novice principal through two central mechanisms: peer support and personal guidance provided by veteran and retired principals. Key data from the evaluation of the training program for the novice principals in the Northern District will be presented. The main challenges of the current training program will be discussed, with questions to consider changes to increase the impact of personal guidance on the managerial capabilities of novice school principals24.

The training contents, problems and needs of doctors in urban community health service institutions in China

BackgroundThe Chinese government offered various types of training programs for strengthening the role of doctors working in community health service institutions (CHSIs). The study intended to investigate the current training programs and training needs of doctors nationally in urban CHSIs in China, and to provide propositions for training more qualified doctors in the future.MethodsTotal 3098 doctors in 192 urban CHSIs were chosen from 9 provinces (Hebei, Liaoning, Shandong, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Ningxia) and one municipality (Beijing) among 31 provinces in eastern, central, and western regions by stratified sampling methods in Mainland China. All doctors in the selected CHSIs were investigated in this study. We discharged 3073 questionnaires, and the response rate was 98.0%. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics, training contents, problems and needs of doctors. Differences in training contents, problems and needs between eastern, central and western regions were analyzed with chi-square tests.Results49.3% of doctors in CHSIs had Bachelor’s degree and beyond. 12.9% of doctors had senior professional titles. The most frequent training topics for the doctors in eastern, central and western regions were “basic clinical theory knowledge” (52.4%), “community health service competency” (59.6%), “clinical practice skills” (45.9%) respectively. The most serious problem for doctors was “insufficient training time” in eastern (36.8%), central (36.5%) and western (39.6%). The biggest knowledge need for doctors both in eastern (79.8%) and central region (79.1%) was “the updated international medical knowledge”, in western region it was “the updated domestic medical knowledge” (73.2%). The biggest skill-related training need for doctors in eastern region (84.1%) and central region (82.6%) was “communication skills”, and “diagnosis and differential diagnosis” in western region (78.2%).ConclusionGovernment should design proper training contents according to the knowledge and skill needs of different design. Furthermore, a uniform, rigorous training and evaluation system focus on practicability should be established to promote community health service system in Mainland China.

Defining the Content for a Quality and Safety in Surgery Curriculum Using a Nominal Group Technique

There is growing awareness of the need to provide surgical residents with training in quality and safety. Previous studies have revealed a need for a formal curriculum, but the content and structure of such a curriculum has not been defined. Our objective was to develop a surgery resident curriculum using a consensus, team-building approach. This study consisted of moderated, structured focus groups using a nominal group technique to guide discussion. Participants generated rank lists of topics to be included and answered questions regarding structure and design of teaching and assessment modalities. Two separate focus groups among 9 surgical residents and 10 faculty experts in quality and safety were held in conjunction with the American College of Surgeons Quality and Safety Conference in July 2017. A total of 16 institutions were represented. A total of 35 topics were initially proposed by the resident group and a total of 41 topics were proposed by the expert group. After discussion, each group reached consensus on a final list of 9 topics. Most topics in the final lists fell into the broad areas of improvement science and nontechnical skills. Residents indicated that most topics were, on average, poorly covered by their current training program, however, a wide range was noted within each topic. Faculty indicated a preference for didactic instructional methods and assessment using multiple-choice questions. Quality and safety are integral components of surgical training. Learners and experts agreed that topics within the domains of improvement science and nontechnical skills should be included in a formal curriculum. Learners reported wide variation on how well these topics are currently included in graduate medical education training programs.

Developing the Asian Pacific Islander Caregiver Train-the-Trainer Program in the United States

ABSTRACT This article describes our project to design the Asian Pacific Islander Caregiver Train-the-Trainer (APICTT) Program in the United States. The project relied on a sequential approach to gathering and building upon (1) evidence mapping to identify existing caregiver training programs in the United States available in API languages; (2) assessment of API caregiver training needs among community-based organizations using survey and focus group; and (3) Chinese and Korean caregiver focus groups. The findings highlight language, culture, and access gaps in current caregiver training programs and reinforce the importance of developing a culturally and linguistically appropriate caregiver training program for API caregivers in the United States. The findings also shed light into using the train-the-trainer model to enhance the service delivery capacity of community-based organizations.

Reframing Teacher In-Service Training in Kenya: Recommendations from the Literature

Following the rapid expansion of Kenya's education system from 2003, raising education standards has emerged as the country's next major nation-building challenge. There is acknowledgement within Kenya that high education standards are dependent upon the quality of its teachers, which is in turn dependent upon the quality of their pre-service training, and subsequent in-service training. However, amidst accusations that educational standards are declining, in-service training programmes in particular have been singled out as being overly bureaucratic, under resourced, poorly delivered and ineffective in helping to raise teaching standards. Further, the literature suggests that current in-service training programmes are failing to address more fundamental issues surrounding Kenyan teaching professionalism as a whole. This article examines the literature surrounding teacher in-service training in Kenya, as identified by Kenyan researchers, with the aim of synthesising and clarifying the major issues surrounding quality and delivery, and then presents policy recommendations for reframing and building effective in-service provision for the future.

Creating a Rural Surgery Track and a Review of Rural Surgery Training Programs

The objective of this study was to present the process of developing a rural surgery training track within an established residency program and review the current rural surgery training programs in the nation. This study reviews current rural surgery training opportunities at Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education accredited surgical residencies in the United States and presents the process of creating the University of Minnesota's rural surgery training track. This study was performed at the University of Minnesota, in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and at Essentia Health-Saint Mary's Medical Center, in Duluth, Minnesota. Accredited general surgery residencies were reviewed. The creation of a designated rural surgery training track added an additional rural-designated surgical resident during each postgraduation year and created a required postgraduation year 2 rural surgery rotation for all categorical surgical residents. Two hundred sixty-eight surgery residency programs were reviewed. Twenty-seven had required rural rotations, 10 offered only elective rural rotations, and 4 had dedicated National Resident Matching Program codes for rural training tracks. After review of national rural surgery training opportunities, the University of Minnesota's process of creating a designated rural surgery training program required attention to 5 main components: needs assessment and review of local opportunities, surgery residency review committee approval, funding, surgical education, and clinical/operative education. Increasing opportunities for surgical residents to train in rural settings may help with recruitment of medical students and retention of surgeons pursuing careers in rural surgery.

Knowledge of hand hygiene among healthcare providers in a tertiary care hospital, Bengaluru

Background: Healthcare providers (HCPs) have been identified as the most common vehicle for transmission of hospital acquired infections (HAIs) from patient to patient and within the healthcare environment. Hand hygiene has been identified as the single most important, simplest and least expensive means of preventing HAIs. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge of hand hygiene among healthcare providers in a tertiary care hospital in Bengaluru.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among all the health care providers who have been working in the hospital for more than one year. Total 122 health care providers were included in the study. A semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire was developed and used to obtain information on respondent’s socio-demographic characteristics, and knowledge of hand hygiene. For collecting data in this study, the World Health Organization (WHO) "Hand Hygiene Knowledge Questionnaire "revised 2009 edition was used. Descriptive statistics was used as necessary.Results: A total of 122 health care providers participated in the study. Among them 78 (63.9%) have received formal training in hand washing. The mean age of the study participants was 29.11±8.6 years. Majority opined that hand rubbing is required before palpation of the abdomen (86.9%) knowledge about hand hygiene was found to be moderate in majority of the study subjects (144 out of 200, 74%).Conclusions: In the present study the knowledge on hand hygiene among health care providers is moderate it highlights the importance of improving the current training programs targeting hand hygiene practices among health care providers.