Present Research Articles

Service Quality and Patient Satisfaction of Internet Hospitals in China: Cross-Sectional Evaluation With the Service Quality Questionnaire.

Internet hospitals, which refer to service platforms that integrate consultation, prescription, payment, and drug delivery based on hospital entities, have been developing at a rapid pace in China since 2014. However, assessments regarding their service quality and patient satisfaction have not been well developed. There is an urgent need to comprehensively evaluate and improve the service quality of internet hospitals. This study aims to investigate the current status of patients' use of internet hospitals, as well as familiarity and willingness to use internet hospitals, to evaluate patients' expected and perceived service qualities of internet hospitals using the Chinese version of the Service Quality Questionnaire (SERVQUAL-C) with a national representative sample, and to explore the association between service quality of internet hospitals and patients' overall satisfaction toward associated medical platforms. This cross-sectional survey was conducted through face-to-face or digital interviews from June to September 2022. A total of 1481 outpatient participants (635 men and 846 women; mean age 33.22, SD 13.22). Participants reported their use of internet hospitals, and then rated their expectations and perceptions of service quality toward internet hospitals via the SERVQUAL-C, along with their demographic information. Among the surveyed participants, 51.2% (n=758) of participants had used internet hospital service or services. Use varied across age, education level, and annual income. Although the majority of them (n=826, 55.8%) did not know internet hospital services well, 68.1% (n=1009) of participants expressed the willingness to adopt this service. Service quality evaluation revealed that the perceived service quality did not match with the expectation, especially the responsiveness dimension. Important-performance analysis results further alerted that reliable diagnosis, prompt response, clear feedback pathway, and active feedback handling were typically the services awaiting substantial improvement. More importantly, multiple linear regressions revealed that familiarity and willingness to use internet hospital services were significant predictors of satisfaction, above and over tangibles, reliability, and empathy service perspectives, and demographic characteristics such as gender, age, education level, and annual income. In the future, internet hospitals should focus more on how to narrow the gaps between the expected and perceived service quality. Promotion of internet hospitals should also be facilitated to increase patients' familiarity with and willingness to use these services.

Assessing the Impact of Anthropogenic CO2 on Marine Carbonate Chemistry: Trends, Implications, and Future Implications of Ocean Acidification

Abstract. This paper investigates the impact of human-caused CO2 emissions on marine carbonate chemistry, with particular attention being given to current trends and implications of ocean acidification as well as projected future projections for its effects. The study provides insight into the chemical processes underlying ocean acidification, its historical and modern progressions, as well as its biological impacts on organisms such as corals, mollusks and plankton. Furthermore, this report assesses the larger implications for marine ecosystems and fisheries as well as valuing ecosystem services that have been negatively impacted by acidification. Methodical approaches, including in situ observations, laboratory experiments and predictive modeling are discussed here to illustrate the current status of research. This paper also considers mitigation and adaptation strategies such as carbon capture and storage, enhancing ecosystem resilience enhancement measures and international policy measures as mitigation and adaptation strategies. By drawing together findings from diverse disciplines, this study seeks to identify research gaps as well as prioritize areas for further investigation, stressing the importance of joint efforts against ocean acidification.

Research Trends in the Development of Block Copolymer-Based Biosensing Platforms

Biosensing technology, which aims to measure and control the signals of biological substances, has recently been developed rapidly due to increasing concerns about health and the environment. Top–down technologies have been used mainly with a focus on reducing the size of biomaterials to the nano-level. However, bottom–up technologies such as self-assembly can provide more opportunities to molecular-level arrangements such as directionality and the shape of biomaterials. In particular, block copolymers (BCPs) and their self-assembly have been significantly explored as an effective means of bottom–up technologies to achieve recent advances in molecular-level fine control and imaging technology. BCPs have been widely used in various biosensing research fields because they can artificially control highly complex nano-scale structures in a directionally controlled manner, and future application research based on interactions with biomolecules according to the development and synthesis of new BCP structures is greatly anticipated. Here, we comprehensively discuss the basic principles of BCPs technology, the current status of their applications in biosensing technology, and their limitations and future prospects. Rather than discussing a specific field in depth, this study comprehensively covers the overall content of BCPs as a biosensing platform, and through this, we hope to increase researchers’ understanding of adjacent research fields and provide research inspiration, thereby bringing about great advances in the relevant research fields.

Optimal Timing for Intraocular Pressure Measurement Following Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis

Post-operative increases in intraocular pressure (IOP) are a frequent complication following phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Assessment of IOP is an essential element in post-operative checks. Despite this, guidance regarding the optimal timing remains vague. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the current status of evidence that may help guide best practice regarding the optimal time following phacoemulsification cataract surgery to measure IOP. A comprehensive literature search was performed on MEDLINE and EMBASE. In two stages, independent reviewers screened articles that reported IOP measurements following uncomplicated cataract surgery. Risk of Bias Assessment was conducted following data extraction. The meta-analysis incorporated 57 randomized clinical studies involving a total of 6318 participants and 7089 eyes. Post-operative hour one had a significant decrease in IOP from baseline, while hour two had a non-significant increase. Post-operative hours four, six, and eight were the only timepoints to have a significant increase in IOP. Finally, post-operative day one had no significant change in IOP, while day two had a non-significant decrease. These results suggest that the optimal time to measure IOP is within the first 4–8 h following phacoemulsification cataract extraction. Taking measurements too soon or too late could result in missed IOP spikes.

Enhancing English education with Natural Language Processing: Research and development of automated grammar checking, scoring systems, and dialogue systems

Abstract. In this paper, we investigate the scope for transformational change that these technologies offer to English education. We examine how NLP can support English education through automated grammar checking having students text checked for grammatical errors in real time, automated scoring systems which evaluate written and verbal English against predefined criteria, and dialogue systems which interacts with learners in English to help develop their speaking and listening skills in an engaging and non-judgmental environment. We document the current status of these NLP applications, examine their educational benefits, highlight some of the challenges faced by the technologies and finally discuss the way forward for large-scale adoption of such technologies, bringing the research to a logical conclusion. We hope that this study will provide a comprehensive understanding of how NLP can be employed to transform education in English and also highlight some of the associated challenges and ethical dilemmas.

Research on autonomous driving technology in intelligent transportation systems

Abstract. The convergence of scientific and technological advancement with the acceleration of urbanization has resulted in a notable intensification of the issue of traffic congestion. In this context, the development of autonomous driving technology has emerged as a pivotal area of focus for future transportation systems. Therefore, this paper presents a review of the current status of automatic driving technology in intelligent transportation systems, based on methods such as literature, data analysis and case studies. Furthermore, it delves into the evolution, applications, challenges and solutions of automated driving technologies in intelligent transport systems, and presents forward-thinking insights into the future development of intelligent transportation. As autonomous driving technology continues to evolve, the integration of deep reinforcement learning and other advanced technologies will facilitate the advancement of intelligent vehicle human-machine collaborative decision-making technology. It is imperative that the construction technology of safety-critical scenarios be reinforced in order to enhance the interpretability of algorithmic models and the real-time nature of scenario generation. All parties need to collaborate to promote the innovation and improvement of autonomous driving technology, achieve widespread application and sustainable development, and create a better travelling environment.

A cross-sectional study of anesthesia medical staff's occupational and health status in nongovernment medical institutions in China.

Nongovernment medical institutions have gradually become a significant part of China's healthcare system, with a growing numbers of staff. However, the current status of anesthesiology staff in these institutions is unclear. To gain insight into this situation and to compare it with public hospitals, the national anesthesia professional committee of the Chinese Nongovernment Medical Institutions Association (CNMIA) designed and conducted the national cross-sectional survey. We conducted a national cross-sectional study to investigate the occupational and health status of anesthesiology staff in Nongovernment medical institutions. Additional questions were included for the directors of the anesthesiology department to understand their work stress and the reasons for employee turnover. The electronic questionnaire was created using Questionnaire Star and distributed by Anesthesia Professional Committee of the CNMIA through the QR code links and WeChat. A total of 1111 questionnaires were collected, including 989 from anesthesiologists and 122 from nurse anesthetists. The overall job satisfaction score (MSQ) was 75.57 ± 12.32 and the average fatigue score (MFI-20) was 49.10 ± 10.90. High-risk factors for severe fatigue included being aged 31-40, holding a middle title, frequently working night shifts, having long working hours, and participating surgeries classified as ASA III or higher. The most common disease reported was difficulty falling asleep/insomnia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that men (OR = 0.662, 95% CI: 0.482-0.909, p < 0.05), those with a bachelor's degree (OR = 2.152, 95% CI: 1.186-3.903, p < 0.05), individuals with heavy workloads (OR = 2.999, 95% CI: 1.493-6.024, p < 0.01), poor health (OR = 4.280, 95% CI: 1.216-15.057, p < 0.05), and high MFI-20 scores (OR = 1.085, 95% CI: 1.067-1.103, p < 0.001) were more likely to suffer from insomnia. Directors identified medical quality and safety management as their main source of stress and low income as the primary reason for employee resignation. Nongovernment medical institutions have fewer employees, similar workloads, relatively low job stress and higher job satisfaction compared to public hospitals. Low income and difficulty falling asleep/insomnia are significant issues that require attention.

Examining interrelations among trajectories of mindful awareness, acceptance, and values-consistent actions in acceptance-based behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder

ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to understand how mindful awareness, acceptance, and values-consistent action change across acceptance-based behavioral therapy (ABBT) for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and determine their effect on symptoms. We examined weekly data from 31 individuals who received ABBT as part of a randomized control trial for individuals with GAD (Hayes-Skelton, Roemer, & Orsillo, 2013). Participants answered questions weekly about three components of ABBT, including the percentages of time they spent over their past week: 1) aware of the present moment, 2) accepting of their internal experiences, and 3) engaging in values. GAD symptoms were examined using two self-report measures (DASS-21 Stress subscale and PSWQ) and two clinician-rated interview measures (CSR and SIGH-A) at pre- and post-treatment. 1 Mindful awareness, acceptance, and values-consistent action increased linearly across ABBT. All three change trajectories were positively correlated (Z’s 2.99 to 8.74, p’s < .001). Mindful awareness, acceptance, and values-consistent action across treatment predicted decreases in GAD symptoms above and beyond baseline for most outcome measures (Z’s −1.95 to −3.03, p’s < .05), with the exception that mindfulness did not predict DASS-stress (Z = −1.39, p = .17). These findings are consistent with the structure and model of ABBT.

Current status and future directions in Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES): An NIAID Workshop Report

Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis (FPIES) is a non-IgE mediated GI food allergy characterized by delayed, protracted vomiting, accompanied by lethargy and pallor, usually 1-4 hours following ingestion of the food allergen. The pathophysiology of FPIES remains unknown and currently there are no diagnostic biomarkers available to assess disease activity or its resolution. Over the last two decades, FPIES has become increasingly recognized in both pediatric and adult patients. Forty years later after the initial FPIES description, the first international classification of diseases (ICD-10) code for FPIES was established and the first international consensus guidelines for diagnosis and management of FPIES was published. On June 22, 2022, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) held its first virtual multidisciplinary workshop on FPIES. Various clinical and translational aspects of FPIES, as well as the important areas of unmet needs were discussed as priorities for future research during this 2-day virtual workshop. The following report provides a summary of content of the workshop, including updated literature on the topic areas, as well as providing a critical commentary on the state of FPIES.

Research on the Current Status and Improvement Methods of Electrolytes for Lithium ion Batteries

Owing to their high energy density among other beneficial features, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) enjoy extensive application across sectors including aerospace engineering, civil transportation, and electronic device manufacturing. Nonetheless, the LIBs electrolyte presents certain drawbacks, which contribute to the diminishing performance of these batteries and pose risks to environmental safety. Considering these issues, the paper begins by presenting the operational principles of LIBs and examining the constituents of the electrolyte and discusses the roles of the individual components. Then, the causes of the problems and proposes improvement strategies are summarized. The working stability of LIBs at extreme temperatures can be improved by a series of measures, such as adding flame retardants and optimizing the composition of electrolytes. The aim of the research is to resolve the current problems with LIBs electrolytes and enhance the applicability and stability of LIBs in various practical situations.

Lymphatic Disorder Management in Pediatric Patients With Congenital Heart Disease in European Pediatric Cardiology Centers: Current Status, Disparities, and Future Considerations.

Lymphatic disorders such as protein-losing enteropathy, plastic bronchitis, and chylothorax are important complications of the Fontan circulation and ultimately result in an increased risk of early death. Several European centers are now performing lymphatic procedures. The aim of this study is to map the extent of these lymphatic disorders and treatments provided across European pediatric cardiology centers. A survey was circulated to 49 European pediatric cardiology centers consisting of 37 questions including a mix of binary, categorical, and continuous variables. Thirty-one centers (63%) participated in the study, performing a median of 250 (interquartile range, 178 - 313) cardiopulmonary bypass procedures per year. Chylothorax emerged as the most prevalent lymphatic disorderfollowed by protein-losing enteropathy and plastic bronchitis. The most common diagnostic investigation method was noncontrast magnetic resonance lymphangiography (52%). Eleven centers (35%) conducted lymphatic interventions with a median of 3 (interquartile range, 1 - 4) procedures per year and 12 (interquartile range, 5 - 15) interventions in total per center. This study confirms the rarity of and variation in treatment approaches for lymphatic disorders across Europe. With at least 11 centers offering lymphatic interventions, the adoption of these procedures is on the rise in Europe. To improve the quality of care and treatment outcomes for these complex patients, it is crucial to consider evidence-based lymphatic diagnostics, interventional lymphatic procedures, and the centralization of services in Europe.

Kidney Transplantation in India—Past, Present and Future

Kidney Transplantation is universally recognized as the best treatment option for patients with kidney failure. The first successful kidney transplant in India was done on 2nd Feb 1971 at Christian Medical College (CMC) Vellore by Dr. Mohan Rao and Dr. K. V. Johny, 17 years after the first kidney transplantation between identical twins in Boston, USA. It marked the beginning of a new era in kidney care in India. This article reviews the history of transplantation, its current status and looks forward to the future while discussing the issues and progress made in India.

Exploring the optimization path of rural geriatric education under the threshold of empowerment: An empirical study in Zhejiang Province

Synchronizing the improvement of rural elders' happiness with economic and social development has become an urgent issue driving rural construction, comprehensive rural revitalization, and the decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society. The enhancement of rural elders' spiritual satisfaction, as a systematic project,requires high attention and concerted efforts for exploration and resolution. This study aims to assess the significant opportunity presented by actively responding to the aging population strategy through empowerment and enhancement, thereby optimizing the development of elderly education in rural China. This study delves into the optimization path of rural elderly education. It systematically evaluates the existing problems and development status of elderly education in rural areas, proposes improvement measures, and constructs a path for the development of rural elderly education, analyzing and assessing the current implementation status and shortcomings in sample villages. Through the comprehensive empowerment and enhancement education theory, it summarizes the optimization path for rural elderly education. Through empirical analysis result show that three key findings emerge. Firstly, cognitive needs exert a direct positive influence on the level of elderly education. The perception among the elderly regarding the necessity of elderly education significantly impacts their participation and subsequently influences the overall level of elderly education. Moreover, enhancing the elderly' s sense of self-efficacy holds considerable importance in this regard. Secondly, geographical transportation emerges as a critical determinant, positively affecting cognitive needs and the level of elderly education. Proximity to educational institutions, coupled with efficient transportation options, significantly influences the willingness of the elderly to engage in educational activities, thereby elevating the overall level of elderly education. Lastly, the quality of curriculum setting is identified as another crucial factor affecting cognitive needs and the level of elderly education. Aligning course offerings with the demands of the elderly population enhances their satisfaction with elderly education. By integrating insights from successful practices in both rural and elderly education, particularly from developed countries, this study offers a specific path for rural elderly education, thereby guiding the educational development in rural areas, such as Zhejiang Province. This paper focuses on the actual situation in Zhejiang Province and holds practical significance.

Analyzing The Problems of Chatgpt in Chinese International Education Based on The Classification of Educational Objectives

With the continuous development of generative artificial intelligence technology, ChatGPT has also had a significant impact on the education sector. ChatGPT can assist in the teaching practice of Chinese international education and has shown positive effects in empirical research. However, there is still insufficient research on the challenges and response measures of ChatGPT for the formation of international Chinese language education. Therefore, based on the teaching practice cases of ChatGPT in Chinese international education, this article selects qualitative research methods in methodology, summarizes the current application status and existing problems of ChatGPT in Chinese international education, and provides targeted suggestions in combination with Bloom's educational goal classification method. Research has found that, In the process of assisting Chinese international education, ChatGPT may lead to the subversion of ethical relationships between teachers and students, difficulty in ensuring the accuracy of generative artificial intelligence, or inability to meet the requirements of the artificial intelligence era. Teachers need to further improve their professional qualities, actively promote changes in educational concepts, and avoid technological dependence.

Nicotine-Containing Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) Use in the United States, Stratified by Age, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021

Background: Electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use is prevalent in the United States, especially among youth and young adults. It is important to monitor current ENDS use and identify at-risk groups, particularly among tobacco naïve individuals. Methods: Using data from the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, we examined the prevalence of past 30-day nicotine/tobacco ENDS use and correlates, stratified by age. Results: The prevalence of past 30-day ENDS use was as follows: ages 12-17 (5.0%), ages 18-20 (13.5%), ages 21-25 (14.6%), ages 26-34 (7.2%), and ages ≥35 (2.5%). Among youth ages 12-17, female respondents were more likely to report past 30-day ENDS use compared to male respondents (aOR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.01-1.97). Among all adult age groups, current cigarette smoking status was associated with an increased likelihood of current ENDS use, versus never smoking. Among all age groups, those reporting non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Other, and Hispanic race/ethnicity had a decreased likelihood of past 30-day ENDS use versus non-Hispanic White respondents, while past-year drug/alcohol use disorder, versus no use disorder, was associated with an increased likelihood of past 30-day ENDS use. Conclusions: ENDS use was most prevalent among young adults and least prevalent among persons ages ≥35. Most youth who reported ENDS use also reported never smoking cigarettes—compared to adults who reported ENDS use, who primarily reported current or former cigarette smoking. Our findings—which have identified characteristics of those most likely to use ENDS products—have the potential to inform screening and targeted intervention efforts aimed at reducing ENDS use.

Investigating cultural influences on Chinese Parents’ formation of Parenting Style

This study aims to explore the influence of cultural factors on the formation of parenting styles among Chinese parents. Parenting style is a crucial factor in child development, and there are significant variations in parenting practices across different cultural backgrounds. While numerous studies have indicated that parenting patterns are influenced by various factors, research specific to the parenting styles within the unique cultural context of China remains insufficient. Employing a qualitative research methodology, this study analyzes the current status of four classic parenting models (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglecting) proposed by Diana Baumrind within Chinese families and the cultural influences behind them. Through questionnaires and in-depth interviews, data were collected from eight Chinese families to examine how cultural values, religious beliefs, social environments, and gender roles shape parenting styles. The study found that Confucianism in Chinese culture significantly impacts parenting styles, emphasizing collectivism, respect for authority, and the importance of education. Additionally, with the dissemination of Western culture, an increasing number of Chinese parents are beginning to value granting their children more autonomy and self-reflection space. However, regardless of the culture, cultural factors exert a profound and complex influence on parenting patterns.

Rechargeable Hydrogen Gas Batteries: Fundamentals, Principles, Materials, and Applications.

The growing demand for renewable energy sources has accelerated a boom in research on new battery chemistries. Despite decades of development for various battery types, including lithium-ion batteries, their suitability for grid-scale energy storage applications remains imperfect. In recent years, rechargeable hydrogen gas batteries (HGBs), utilizing hydrogen catalytic electrode as anode, have attracted extensive academic and industrial attention. HGBs, facilitated by appropriate catalysts, demonstrate notable attributes such as high power density, high capacity, excellent low-temperature performance, and ultralong cycle life. This review presents a comprehensive overview of four key aspects pertaining to HGBs: fundamentals, principles, materials, and applications. First, detailed insights are provided into hydrogen electrodes, encompassing electrochemical principles, hydrogen catalytic mechanisms, advancements in hydrogen catalytic materials, and structural considerations in hydrogen electrode design. Second, an examination and future prospects of cathode material compatibility, encompassing both current and potential materials, are summarized. Third, other components and engineering considerations of HGBs are elaborated, including cell stack design and pressure vessel design. Finally, a techno-economic analysis and outlook offers an overview of the current status and future prospects of HGBs, indicating their orientation for further research and application advancements.

Exploring the barriers to the development of organizational health literacy in health institutions to meet the needs of older patients from multiple perspectives: a mixed-methods study

BackgroundThe latest evidence on health literacy in China revealed that only 8% of individuals aged 65–69 years, a segment of the geriatric population, possess adequate health literacy levels, indicating a low level in China. Studies have demonstrated that improving the organizational health literacy of healthcare institutions is a crucial approach to addressing low health literacy among older patients.ObjectiveTo explore the obstacles hindering the advancement of organizational health literacy in healthcare institutions in meeting the needs of older patients.DesignA mixed-methods approach was employed to investigate both the status and barriers to the establishment of organizational health literacy within two healthcare institutions.ParticipantsParticipants included older individuals aged over 60, clinical staff, and managerial personnel from these two health institutions.MethodsThis research utilized the social-ecological model as its theoretical foundation and utilized a mixed-methods approach to examine the current status and challenges in developing organizational health literacy within healthcare institutions. Initially, a survey using a questionnaire (n = 178) was conducted among older patients to evaluate the establishment of organizational health literacy from their perspective. Following this, interviews (n = 22) were carried out with administrators, clinical personnel, and elderly patients to identify the barriers hindering the development of organizational health literacy within healthcare institutions.ResultsQuantitative research indicates that health institutions have been less accommodating to the requirements of older patients, with health information dissemination and communication emerging as the weakest areas. Qualitative investigations revealed three key influencing factors: patient-related factors, including physiological and cognitive decline, as well as low educational attainment among older patients; organizational factors, including inadequate clinical staff numbers, deficient long-term systematic training, and a digital divide resulting from health institutions’ digital advancements; and policy-related factors indicating a lack of regulations governing the establishment of organizational health literacy within healthcare institutions.ConclusionThe two most vulnerable aspects of OHL in medical institutions regarding the needs of older patients are health information and communication. The factors influencing the construction of OHL in medical institutions are multifaceted, encompassing micro, meso, and macro levels. At the macro level, it is essential for medical institutions to enhance leadership awareness of OHL and to incorporate its development into institutional strategic plans. At the meso-level, medical institutions should be made to optimize the medical environment for elderly patients and to prioritize health literacy training for medical staff. At the micro level, attention must be given to the characteristics and needs of elderly patients. Ultimately, by implementing a comprehensive construction of intervention strategies, the response ability of medical institutions to the needs of elderly patients can be enhanced.

A critical review on heavy metal contamination in aquatic food webs by edible fish species: a special case concerning Bangladesh.

Heavy metals (HMs) are ubiquitous in terrestrial and aquatic environments due to unplanned industrial waste discharge, the release of untreated wastewater, and improper mining activities. In particular, the concentrations of HMs are found to be higher in aquatic environments. As a result, the aquatic biota was heavily affected by HM contamination. This critical review aims to understand the sources and toxicity of HMs in commercial fish species, explore their ecological exchange, and examine the related human health challenges in Bangladesh. A modified PRISMA review technique is used in this paper to analyze the current status and research limitations of HM studies in Bangladesh fish species and their toxicity within aquatic food webs. Briefly, we searched several keywords to explore the research trend of HM concentrations and toxicity in fish species. Furthermore, potential toxicity and risk assessment of HMs through the aquatic food chain in Bangladesh were explored. On the other hand, a cross-tabulation approach was used to process the toxicity findings of HMs. Previous studies indicate that fish species can possess comparatively higher HMs than river water due to ecological exchange factors, including bioaccumulation and biotransformation. This review focuses on Bangladesh, highlighting areas for improvements and the need for further study to achieve a transparent understanding of HM deposition in fish species and the sustainable management of aquatic food chain toxicity.

Active surveillance in patients with a complete clinical response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for esophageal- and gastroesophageal junction cancer

Abstract Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with esophageal- and gastroesophageal junction cancer induces tumor regression. In approximately one fourth of patients, this leads to a pathological complete response in the resection specimen. Hence, active surveillance may be an alternative strategy in patients without residual disease after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Previous studies have shown that the combination of esophagogastroduodenoscopy with bite-on-bite biopsies, endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration of suspected lymph nodes, and a PET-CT-scan can be considered adequate for the detection of residual disease. So far, it has been unclear whether active surveillance with surgery as needed is a safe treatment option and leads to non-inferior overall survival compared to standard esophagectomy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. This review will discuss the current status of active surveillance for esophageal and junctional cancer.