Current Presidents Research Articles

National School Nurse Certification Part I: An Ongoing Process

The National Association of School Nurses proposed the concept of certification for school nurses in the 1970s. The development and evolution of the school nurse certification process, from concept to reality, is described in this article. It is the first of a 2-part series on national certification for school nurses. Part 2 will examine issues and answer questions about the certification, give information from past and current presidents and certified school nurses about their experiences, and present a forecast about the future of school nurse certification.

Insights from senior executives about innovation in international markets

Innovation and the internationalization of business are two of the most important factors determining business success today. However, very few empirical studies have examined these factors together. This study uses a discovery-oriented approach to examine innovation in the international marketplace. The study’s findings are based on interviews with 64 senior executives including many current and former CEOs and presidents of multinational companies. The interviews were conducted in five countries over a period of several months. These findings provide insights into the thoughts of senior executives on innovation in international markets. Several novel insights that have implications for management practice and future academic research were discovered. Among these findings, executives stressed the importance of managing and disseminating knowledge throughout their companies during all stages of new product development. They highlighted several limitations in achieving this objective as well. Another finding is that firms adhere to several mechanisms that limit competition. In Japan, a well-recognized business hierarchy helps to form the market share goals of firms introducing new products. Companies in some categories seem to have an understanding that they will not introduce new products unless they are suitably differentiated from existing products. Other companies have bought out competitors to reduce competition. A third finding is that companies make concerted efforts to use standardized brand names and positioning. They find these efforts most suited to image-based products and children’s products. Finally, the country-based management structures of most companies make it very difficult to cross-subsidize new products across countries.

Insights from Senior Executives about Innovation in International Markets

Innovation and the internationalization of business are two of the most important factors determining business success today. However, very few empirical studies have examined these factors together. This study uses a discovery‐oriented approach to examine innovation in the international marketplace. The study's findings are based on interviews with 64 senior executives including many current and former CEOs and presidents of multinational companies. The interviews were conducted in five countries over a period of several months. These findings provide insights into the thoughts of senior executives on innovation in international markets. Several novel insights that have implications for management practice and future academic research were discovered. Among these findings, executives stressed the importance of managing and disseminating knowledge throughout their companies during all stages of new product development. They highlighted several limitations in achieving this objective as well. Another finding is that firms adhere to several mechanisms that limit competition. In Japan, a well‐recognized business hierarchy helps to form the market share goals of firms introducing new products. Companies in some categories seem to have an understanding that they will not introduce new products unless they are suitably differentiated from existing products. Other companies have bought out competitors to reduce competition. A third finding is that companies make concerted efforts to use standardized brand names and positioning. They find these efforts most suited to image‐based products and children's products. Finally, the country‐based management structures of most companies make it very difficult to cross‐subsidize new products across countries.

National School Nurse Certification Part I: An Ongoing Process

The National Association of School Nurses proposed the concept of certification for school nurses in the 1970s. The development and evolution of the school nurse certification process, from concept to reality, is described in this article. It is the first of a 2-part series on national certification for school nurses. Part 2 will examine issues and answer questions about the certification, give information from past and current presidents and certified school nurses about their experiences, and present a forecast about the future of school nurse certification.

Book Review: The Community College Presidency at the Millennium

The Community College Presidency at the Millennium by George B. Vaughan and Iris M. Weisman. Community College Press, Washington, D.C. 1998, 173 pages. $26 AACC members or $33 nonmembers (Paper, ISBN 0-87117-311-5). Reviewed by H. Clay Whitlow. In The Community College Presidency at the Millennium, George Vaughan and Iris Weisman have made a valuable contribution to the literature on the community college presidency. The book essentially presents a longitudinal study of the presidency that started in 1984 when 591 of 838 public community college presidents participated in Vaughan's first career and life-style survey. The survey was repeated in 1991 (with 837 out of 1,097 public community college presidents responding) and in 1996 (when 680 out of 926 presidents participated). The survey asked a wide variety of questions (55 in number) relating to each president's age, ethnicity, gender, political affiliation, position held before first presidency, and other background information. Vaughan and Weisman have compiled this wealth of information from the three surveys in a way that is eminently readable. They also have enhanced the data by including personal interviews with 13 community college presidents. The authors begin by taking a brief look at the history of community colleges, from the of Joliet Junior College in 1901 to the 1960s and 1970s when the number of community colleges nationwide grew dramatically. In 1961 there were 405 public community colleges in the United States. By 1977 that number had grown to 1,030. This created a substantial group of individuals referred to by the authors as founding presidents. These presidents or their proteges represented the majority of public community college presidents in the 1960s and 1970s. Unfortunately, we have no record of presidential life during these boom years for community colleges. Thanks to Vaughan and Weisman, future generations of presidents and scholars will be able to study the community college presidency from 1984 forward. Chapter 2 provides a personal profile of the public community college presidency based on survey responses. A reader learns, for example, that the average age of current presidents is 54 (increased from 51 in 1984); male presidents are much more likely to be married than female presidents (95 % versus 60 %); the most popular civic organization among presidents is Rotary, with 62 % belonging; 47 % of presidents are Democrats, and 26 % are Republicans; women, and to a lesser extent minorities, have increased their numbers among presidents. From 1991 to 1996, the percentage of women presidents increased from 11 % to 18 %, whereas the percentage of minorities went from 11 % in 1991 to 14 % in 1996. One interesting and disturbing item is the time presidents put into their jobs, perhaps to the detriment of their personal lives. Just 24% of those responding to the 1996 survey reported taking a vacation of two weeks or more in the last year. Of those, 69% performed presidential work while on vacationing. There is also fascinating information in Chapter 3 on presidents' perceptions of stress and risk in their jobs and on their plans to move to another position or retire. Lest the reader get bogged down in quantitative data, Chapter 4 begins a summary of telephone interviews with current presidents. …

Who is President of the United States?

Of 191 patients referred for memory evaluation and asked to name the current and past presidents of the United States, 5% failed to identify the president and 37% were unable to name the previous office holder. Significant cognitive and adaptive deficits were associated with failure on either item.

Don't look back—something might be gaining on you

I t is one of life’s great ironies that although change is one of the most important, pervasive, and inevitable characteristics of the world in which we live, there is, in most of us, a degree of comfort with the status quo, and reluctance to either initiate change or embrace it willingly. This is of particular concern in the field of medicine in which the speed at which change takes place in our information pool is staggering, and the mechanisms for keeping current are not well developed. The motivation to keep up may also be poorly developed. What is true for individuals also holds for groups of people, and there tends to be in most organizations some degree of inertia, usually based on the record of past success. “If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it” is often quoted as an argument not to make change in either structure or function of an organization, whether it be a clinical practice group, medical organization, department, or university. One of the requirements for current presidents of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract (SSAT) is reading all of the previous presidential addresses. It is the window through which we can track the evolution of our Society. Although I see there a record of tremendous accomplishment in terms of the stated goals of our Society, I also detect that “something might be gaining on us,” and that something is change. Not only has there been an explosion in medical information, but there has been an even more dramatic evolution (many might say a revolution) in the way medicine is practiced. In the span of my career, which almost exactly overlaps the lifespan of the SSAT, I have gone from practicing in a system of completely independent, individual, competitive. private practice in a privately funded hospital, to a system of globally funded, universal health insurance in which, at least in the university setting, the vast majority of people practice within collaborative groups. In my country, government has taken over the dominant role in the funding and management of health care. and in the United States, both governments and third party insurers of various kinds are assuming an increasing role. During this same time period. there has been tremendous change in the nature of surgical practice. The residents who graduated with me were very general surgeons, capable of practicing not only the whole spectrum of gastrointestinal surgery, but also some lung surgery, breast surgery, orthopedic trauma surgery, and some head and neck, plastic, and vascular surgery. Very few of us do al1

Millikan’s School: A History of the California Institute of Technology by Judith R. Goodstein

188 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Millikan’s School: A History of the California Institute of Technology. By Judith R. Goodstein. New York: W. W. Norton, 1991. Pp. 317; illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $25.00. Published to coincide with the one hundredth anniversary of the California Institute of Technology, and prefaced with short, boosterish remarks by the current and former presidents of the institute, Millikan’s School is clearly meant as a celebratory history of Caltech. Given this intent, Judith Goodstein is remarkably evenhanded. Rely­ ing on archival material, published secondary sources, and interviews with institute scientists, Goodstein presents a highly readable account of Caltech’s beginnings at the turn of the century as Throop Univer­ sity, an institute with support from its wealthy Pasadena community but without a defined mission, and its transformation, beginning with the First World War and completed by the Second, into a nationally prominent scientific institution. This transformation was largely ini­ tiated by astronomer and institute trustee George Ellery Hale and the Nobel-prize-winning physicist Robert Millikan, Hale’s choice for institute president in 1921. Well positioned within the nation’s scien­ tific elite, they assiduously and successfully wooed private founda­ tions, philanthropists, and local industrialists for support and lured to Caltech such promising or prominent scientists as Arthur Noyes, Linus Pauling, and Thomas Hunt Morgan. The book concludes with Millikan’s retirement at the end of World War II and the arrival of Lee DuBridge as Caltech’s new president. Although Goodstein is a Caltech “insider,” having served for two decades as the institute’s archivist and now as university registrar (and taking suggestions on her manuscript from “friends” such as Caltech president Thomas Everhart and Lee DuBridge), her account is thankfully free of dogmatic assertions about institutional “excellence” and unreflective praise for “entrepreneurship.” Goodstein also ad­ dresses squarely one of the less-than-appealing aspects of Caltech’s past—institutional anti-Semitism during Millikan’s tenure. But, if Millikan’s School is not uncritical, neither is it probing. The larger questions in the literature on institution building and on science and patronage are left unexamined, particularly how the relationship between industry and the university developed over time and was institutionalized and how it influenced the way scientists pursued their research. Further, specific incidents that might give us insight into issues in the history of science and universities, or at least a fuller picture of Caltech itself, are not explored. Why, for example, did President James Scherer decide in 1910 that Caltech should become an all-male institution (a decision enthusiastically endorsed by Hale)? Inquiry into numerous social and institutional issues is eschewed in preference for a Whiggish approach to Caltech’s history. Goodstein TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Book Reviews 189 focuses almost exclusively on the institution’s scientists and the research that brought them national prominence and on Caltech’s administrators and their efforts to bring to the institute both money and prestige. This approach works best for the early years, when the influence of Hale and a few wealthy trustees is clear. Here, in fact, Goodstein rounds out the picture provided in Robert Kargon’s 1982 study of Millikan and Caltech by rooting institution builders such as Hale in the context notjust of their professional connections but also of their local community and social relationships. This focus on Caltech’s “great” men is, however, wholly inadequate for the later years when the institute was no longer marginal and isolated from powerful national political and economic forces. The absence of an analytical framework limits the appeal of this book. Some may also find annoying the failure to document sources other than those from which direct quotations have been drawn. For the most part, these are the professional historian’s complaints, and Millikan’s School is clearly directed at a different audience, most likely one with some link to Caltech. Those readers will find Goodstein ’s book to be substantive, informative, and a good read. Rebecca S. Lowen Dr. Lowen holds a Ph.D. in American history from Stanford University. She has a Guggenheim postdoctoral fellowship at the Smithsonian Institution’s Air and Space Museum, where she is completing a book on patronage and...

In Response to Brooks and Gerstein: Mental Health Counseling Is More Diverse Than You Imply

Current and past presidents of the Washington Mental Health Counselors Association respond to Brooks and Gerstein's (1990) article “Counselor Credentialing and Interprofessional Collaboration.” They question whether descriptions of mental health counseling practices and standards contained in that article apply to the majority of mental health counseling practitioners.

Women at the 1988 Democratic Convention

The activities of feminist and other women's organizations at the 1988 Democratic convention were driven by an over-riding desire to elect a Democratic administration in November. There was universal agreement that the Reagan years have been disastrous for women, and that four more years of Republican rule will, at the very least, result in a Supreme Court that will limit women's options for decades to come.This goal more than anything else explains the relative quiescence of the 15 organizations' that formed Women's Central and held the usual women's caucus every day of the convention. Indeed when Ellie Smeal and Molly Yard, past and current Presidents of NOW, expressed some mild disaffection with the amount of attention feminist issues and representatives received from the Dukakis campaign, it was quickly countered with a press conference by heads of six Women's Central organizations to extol the fact that women were now insiders. And Kate Michelman, executive director of NARAL, lauded Vice-Presidential candidate Lloyd Bentsen's voting record on abortion even though he opposes federal funding.The sense of unity and common purpose these women expressed was not artificial, because, to a greater extent than ever thought possible, when contemporary feminists first made demands at the 1972 convention, women were insiders. The Dukakis campaign emphasized that women held a large number of the top positions—including campaign manager Susan Estrich. Texas Treasurer Ann Richards, a member of the NWPC, was a bit hit as the keynote speaker.

Current AMA Presidents

Medical Journal of AustraliaVolume 147, Issue 60 p. MP92-MP92 State and Territory Current AMA Presidents First published: 01 August 1987 https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb77132.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume147, Issue60August 1987Pages MP92-MP92 RelatedInformation

Characteristics and careers of Canadian university presidents

This “statistical” study of Canadian university presidents was prompted by the discovery that there is no systematic demographic information available on university administrators in Canada. The vitae of 98 current Canadian university presidents and their immediate predecessors were collected and statistics such as age and length of tenure were compared with those of American counterparts. The Canadian university presidents assumed office at about 49 years of age and held office for about eight years. They tend to be born in geographical proximity to the institution they will head and to “circle” it geographically during their careers. A former association with the University of Toronto, either as a student or teacher, was common. There appears to be a career ladder which includes a decanal and/or vice-presidential position, particularly in central Canada; few presidents move to a second presidency, although several move into what might be termed an “academic superstructure.” Few Canadian presidents majored in the field of Education as a student or teacher and there is generally poor representation from the Arts as compared to the U.S.; on the other hand, the “hard sciences” are well represented. The implications of these tendencies are discussed.

Introduction

IAU Symposium No. 81, “Dynamics of the Solar System”, was held at the Hydrographic Office, Tokyo, Japan, during 23–26 May 1978. The Symposium was cosponsored by COSPAR and IUTAM, and generous financial support was also provided by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. IAU sponsorship was through Commissions 4, 7 and 20, and the Scientific Organizing Committee consisted of the current Presidents, Vice Presidents and immediate Past Presidents of these Commissions: V. K. Abalakln, R. L. Duncombe, Y. Kozai, L. Kresfik, B. G. Marsden (Chairman), P. J. Message, A. M. Sinzi, G. Sitarski and V. G. Szebehely.

State Association Presidents

Abstract Abstract Listed here are the names and addresses of the current presidents and presidents-elect of the several state associations. The date listed after each precident-elect indicates when he will assume office. Terms of office very from state to state.