Current Perspectives Research Articles

Obstacles to Early Diagnosis of Acute Hepatic Porphyria: Current Perspectives on Improving Early Diagnosis and Clinical Management.

Porphyrias are, for the most part, inherited disorders of the heme biosynthetic pathway which lead to accumulation of specific intermediates responsible for most of the symptoms and signs of biochemically active disease. Acute hepatic porphyrias usually come to clinical attention primarily in women in their reproductive years who present with episodic, severe, generalized abdominal pain. Such acute attacks may also be associated with tachycardia, systemic arterial hypertension, hyponatremia, recent history of dark reddish to brownish urine, and anxiety, delirium, and sensory or motor neuropathies. Diagnosing AHPs is often challenging, requiring a high index of suspicion and the appropriate testing showing elevated ALA and/or PBG in a random urine specimen. Obstacles to diagnosis include inappropriate testing for porphyrins only, inadequate sample handling, and ordering genetic testing as the initial diagnostictest. While some of these pitfalls in diagnosis are surmountable with current knowledge, others are in need of more research.

Current perspectives, challenges, and future directions in the electrochemical detection of microplastics.

Microplastics (5 μm) are a developing threat that contaminate every environmental compartment. The detection of these contaminants is undoubtedly an important topic of study because of their high potential to cause harm to ecosystems. For many years, scientists have been assiduously striving to surmount the obstacle of detection restrictions and minimize the likelihood of receiving results that are either false positives or false negatives. This study covers the current state of electrochemical sensing technology as well as its application as a low-cost analytical platform for the detection and characterization of novel contaminants. Examples of detection mechanisms, electrode modification procedures, device configuration, and performance are given to show how successful these approaches are for monitoring microplastics in the environment. Additionally included are the recent developments in nanoimpact techniques. Compared to electrochemical methods for microplastic remediation, the use of electrochemical sensors for microplastic detection has received very little attention. With an overview of microplastic electrochemical sensors, this review emphasizes the promise of existing electrochemical remediation platforms toward sensor design and development. In order to enhance the monitoring of these substances, a critical assessment of the requirements for future research, challenges associated with detection, and opportunities is provided. In addition to-or instead of-the now-in-use laboratory-based analytical equipment, these technologies can be utilized to support extensive research and manage issues pertaining to microplastics in the environment and other matrices.

Guideline-directed medical therapy in chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and heart failure: current perspectives and practices

Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and heart failure have become significant concerns in cancer treatment. Advancements in cancer therapies have increased survival rates, with consequent increase in the prevalence of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and subsequent heart failure. Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) has emerged as a crucial approach for managing these conditions. GDMT encompasses evidence-based medications and interventions backed by clinical guidelines that aim to optimize the treatment and outcomes of heart failure. This review critically summarizes the existing evidence on the roles of GDMT in the management and prevention of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and heart failure.

Current Perspectives on Proton Therapy: Techniques Shaping the Future of Cancer Treatment

Traditional Radiation Therapy (RT) predominantly comprises a targeted therapeutic strategy focused on improving localised tumour control and achieving a cure while minimising the occurrence of adverse side effects. It could be feasible to take advantage of the better dose distribution by enabling larger RT dosages to the malignancy while preventing a rise in the toxicity of RT-induced healthy tissue, or by reducing adverse reactions to manageable levels. Poor local disease control and important dose-limiting normal tissue, which prevent safe dosage increase with conventional photon RT, have been the key justifications for RT. Proton treatment, on the other hand, delivers therapeutic protons or positive particles using proton beams. The potential advantage of protons’ physical properties allows for more localised RT delivery. By increasing the dosage to equitoxic levels, it is also possible to take advantage of the potential improvement in normal tissue sparing to support local tumour management and, ideally, longevity. Proton treatment preserves more important structures than photon therapy because of its unique physics. Thus, there is a need for wide usage of Proton Therapy (PT) for successive cancer treatment. The present review focuses on PT based on tumour site, clinical studies, biological barriers, instrumentation of PT, significance, and limitations.

Current Perspectives: Obesity and Neurodegeneration - Links and Risks.

Obesity is increasing in prevalence across all age groups. Long-term obesity can lead to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases through its effects on adipose, skeletal muscle, and liver tissue. Pathological mechanisms associated with obesity include immune response and inflammation as well as oxidative stress and consequent endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction. Recent evidence links obesity to diminished brain health and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Both AD and PD are associated with insulin resistance, an underlying syndrome of obesity. Despite these links, causative mechanism(s) resulting in neurodegenerative disease remain unclear. This review discusses relationships between obesity, AD, and PD, including clinical and preclinical findings. The review then briefly explores nonpharmacological directions for intervention.

Stimuli-instructed sequential morphological transformations for molecular imaging

Dual stimuli-instructed cascade self-assembly and disassembly or tandem self-assembly of probes for molecular imaging were summarized and discussed in this review. Current challenges and perspective ideas in this field were also highlighted.

Current and future perspectives of a microalgae based circular bioeconomy to manage industrial wastewater– A Systematic Review

AbstractPost technological advancements and industrialisation, the recovery of resources by treating wastewater is gaining momentum. As the global population continues to grow, the need for water is becoming increasingly urgent. Therefore, the re‐utilisation of water is becoming an increasingly important factor in the preservation of life on this planet. Wastewater is classified according to its source of origin. When left untreated, the effluent causes several environmental hazards and poses health issues as they have higher concentrations of nutrients and toxic heavy metals. Currently, several conventional methods exist to treat and handle wastewater, but they generate secondary waste post‐treatment and are not sustainable. Microalgae‐based treatment of wastewater is highly sustainable, cost‐efficient and aligns with the concept of circular bioeconomy. The biological treatment of effluents using microalgae has several advantages. Approximately 1.83 kg of CO2 is sequestered per kg of the dry biomass during microalgae cultivation. Among all the sustainable alternatives, microalgae offer better biomass productivity by utilising a higher concentration of nutrients in wastewater. The wastewater‐grown microalgae have higher efficiency in producing commercially important secondary metabolites. This systematic review highlights the competence of microalgae in different wastewater sources and their industrial perspectives. This also gives an overview of the biproducts produced from microalgae‐based wastewater treatment.

A Critical Study of Provisions Related to School Education with Special Reference to National Education Policy 2020

National Education Policy (2020) is an education policy whose main objective is to ensure what should be the direction and condition of the country’s education system and educational system. This policy lays special emphasis on promoting the use of technology in the context of various educational dimensions and aspects, developing the creative abilities inherent in every individual, removing linguistic constraints, making education accessible to students with disabilities, etc. In fact, the National Education Policy 2020 is an education policy based on Indian constitutional values and fundamental obligations that emphasizes on connecting with the country and creating awareness of the role and responsibilities of a citizen in a changing world that promotes human rights, sustainable development and livelihood, and global Be committed to welfare. There are some such provisions under this education policy; Such as ensuring equal access for all at all levels of education, emphasis on basic literacy and numeracy, multilingualism and language power, early childhood care and education with new curriculum and educational structure and inclusive education etc. This in itself makes it a unique and important education policy in the context of the current educational and school perspective.

Nucleic acid drug and delivery techniques for disease therapy: Present situation and future prospect

AbstractOver the two decades, RNA drugs have gradually made their way from bench to bed. Initially, RNA was not an ideal drug since RNA molecules degrade easily and have a relatively short half‐life in the circulation system. Nevertheless, the chemical modification extended the half‐life of RNA in recent years, which makes RNA drugs a new star in drug discovery industry. RNA molecules hold many properties that facilitate their application as therapeutic drugs. RNAs could fold to form complex conformations to bind to proteins, small molecules, or other nucleic acids, and some even form catalytic centers. Protein‐encoding RNAs are the carriers of genetic information from DNA to ribosomes, and various types of non‐coding RNAs cooperate in the transcription and translation of genetic information through various mechanisms. To date, three mainstream RNA therapies have drawn widespread attention: (1) messenger RNA that encodes therapeutic proteins or vaccine antigens; (2) small interfering RNA, microRNA (miRNA), antisense oligonucleotides that inhibit the activity of pathogenic RNAs; and (3) aptamers that regulate protein activity. Here, we summarized the current research and perspectives of RNA therapies, which may provide innovative highlights for cancer therapy.

Nano-based theranostic approaches for infection control: current status and perspectives

Nano-based theranostic platforms constructed from various nanomaterials possess unique advantages in tackling bacterial and fungal infections while detecting pathogenic cells, making them a potential modality for addressing global healthcare burdens.

Current Hybrid Perspective towards Open Science Paradigm

Current Hybrid Perspective towards Open Science Paradigm

Additive Manufacturing in the Railway Rolling Stock: Current and Future Perspective

The search for developing projects that reduce maintenance downtimes and production costs, as well as increase the efficiency of the railway product, contributing to the reduction of the carbon footprint, has been one of the focus of the development of new technologies. The additive manufacturing technology allows it to be integrated into new project methodologies with a view to obtaining, for example, more lightweight and environmentally-friendly rail vehicles. Railway players have started implementing additive manufacturing technology for the replacement of conventional or obsolete spare parts, repair of large-size components, and design of components with optimized materials, geometries, and high strength-weight ratio. This paper presents applications and ongoing practices of additive technology for the railway rolling stock sector and outcomes after introducing the additive manufacturing process. Furthermore, a final thought on the short, medium, and long-term role of additive manufacturing in the railway rolling stock section is presented.

CD69 is a Promising Immunotherapy and Prognosis Prediction Target in Cancer.

Immunotherapy utilizing T cells that attack tumors is a promising strategy for treatment, but immune suppressive T cell subsets, such as regulatory T cell (Treg), and immune checkpoint molecules, including programmed death-1 (PD-1), can suppress the intensity of a T cell immune reaction and thereby impair tumor clearance. Cluster of differentiation 69 (CD69), known as an early leukocyte activation marker, can be used as a measure or early marker of T cell activation. In recent years, the functions of CD69 in the regulation of Treg/Th17 (T helper cell 17) differentiation and in the tissue retention of T cells have attracted considerable interest. These functions are related to the role of CD69 in immune suppression in tumor environments (TME). In this review, we first summarized current perspectives in the biological function of CD69 and demonstrated that CD69 acts as a regulator of T cell activation, differentiation, retention, and exhaustion. Then, we discussed recent advances in understanding of CD69 deficiency and anti-CD69 antibody administration and shed light on the value of targeting on CD69 for cancer immunotherapy and prognosis prediction.

Scope, evaluation and current perspectives of MXene synthesis strategies for state of the art applications

This review provides insights into MXene synthesis methods, mechanisms, terminations, modifications strategies and important applications. Additionally, the advantages, drawbacks, suggestions, and precautions have been discussed.

Interdisciplinary Nexus of Lean Thinking and Strategy: An Exploration in to Psychological Resilience, Cultural Adaptability, and Economic Sustainability

This research article delves into Lean Thinking and Strategy and incorporates their effects on psychological resilience, cultural adaptability and economic sustainability. This paper offers a current perspective on combining Strategic Management with Lean Thinking through an up-to-date review of literature. It traces the path from Toyota’s production system to development of Lean Thinking across various industries with emphasis on waste reduction and continuous improvement. This interplay between Lean Thinking and Strategy is evidenced by the findings which suggest combining them can lead to efficient, customer-centered, agile organizational practices. The study examines how combining Lean Thinking and Strategy can enhance psychological resilience, promote cultural adaptability, as well as ensure economic sustainability. This article’s theoretical discussions indicate that there is a positive relationship between these concepts. It is therefore essential to verify this empirically. The study ends with some recommendations for implementation and integration, along with future empirical research to look into similar integration within other organizational contexts.

Persisting Exclusion? Contextualizing the Tribal Welfare Policies of Kerala State

This article provides a critical assessment of the tribal development policy of the Kerala government over the past decade. Commencing with the recent controversy surrounding the portrayal of adivasis as a 'human zoo' during the Keraleeyam event in November, 2023, this paper delves into the transformations in the state's approach, particularly its shift towards a 'right-based approach' in the late nineties. The discussion encompasses land-related issues, the state's stance concerning adivasis during the pandemic, and, notably, the prevalent 'dropout syndrome.' The paper concludes by contending that the current state perspective appears to perceive tribal issues primarily as residential challenges rather than a confluence of land and livelihood difficulties.

Lipid Disorders and Cardiovascular Risk: A Comprehensive Analysis of Current Perspectives.

The increasing worldwide prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) highlights the need to understand the complex relationships between lipid abnormalities and elevated cardiovascular risk. This review thoroughly investigates the complex terrain of lipid abnormalities, highlighting their crucial significance in developing CVDs. Dyslipidemia, which is closely connected to atherosclerosis, is a significant risk factor for CVDs, including coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke. This review thoroughly examines the intricate relationship between lipoproteins, cholesterol metabolism, and the inflammatory cascade, providing a detailed comprehension of the mechanisms that contribute to atherogenic processes. An extensive analysis of the occurrence and distribution of lipid diseases worldwide indicates a concerning high frequency, which calls for a reassessment of public health approaches. Dyslipidemia is caused by a combination of genetic predispositions, lifestyle factors, and metabolic abnormalities, as supported by significant data. Moreover, investigating different types of lipoproteins and their specific functions in the development of atherosclerosis provides insight into the complex causes of CVDs. In addition to conventional lipid profiles, newly identified biomarkers and advanced imaging techniques are being carefully examined for their ability to improve risk classification and treatment strategies' effectiveness. From a critical perspective, the review thoroughly examines the current state of lipid-modifying medicines, specifically statins, fibrates, and new therapeutic approaches. The text discusses the emerging concept of precision medicine, which involves tailoring treatment approaches to individuals based on their genetic and molecular characteristics. This approach has the potential to improve treatment outcomes. In addition, this study critically assesses the effects of lifestyle changes and nutritional interventions on lipid homeostasis, offering a comprehensive view of preventive strategies. This review consolidates current viewpoints on lipid diseases and their complex correlation with cardiovascular risk. This review contributes to the ongoing cardiovascular disease prevention and management dialogue by clarifying the molecular mechanisms, exploring new therapeutic options, and considering broader societal implications.

영어교육의 새로운 패러다임으로서 복합양식 리터러시 연구

Objectives This study proposes a model of multimodal communicative competence for English education in Korea based on the review of multimodal literacy theories and suggests instruction, materials, and evaluation methods to implement the model in the school curriculum.
 Methods To this end, the study reviewed the theories of Canale and Swain (1980), Byram (1997), and Coccetta (2018) to select sub-competency elements that are applicable from a school curriculum perspective, based on Royce's (2002, 2007) concept of multimodal communicative competence (MCC).
 Results The study extracted four sub-competency categories that constitute MCC: linguistic competence, discourse competence, sociolinguistic competence, and multimodal competence, and set up five stages of elements to constitute multimodal competence, considering the current perspective of competency education: attitude, knowledge, receptive skills—viewing, productive skills—presenting, and multimodal literacy.
 Conclusions This study proposes a multimodal communicative competence model and its sub-competency elements that expand the traditional language-centered communicative competence model for English education by including non-verbal communicative modes from a school curriculum perspective. This study is expected to contribute to the improvement of the learner’s communicative competence by complementing the learning of non-verbal communicative modes, which have been neglected in the practice of English education.

6th International Scientific Conference “Linguistic Stylistics of the 21st Century: Current State and Perspective” (September 28-30, 2023, Lutsk)

The article provides the information about the 6th International Scientific Conference “Linguistic Stylistics of the 21st Century: Current State and Perspective”, organized by the Department of History and Culture of the Ukrainian Language of Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University in collaboration with the Institute of the Ukrainian Language of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Department of Ukrainian Studies of the University of Warsaw. The article represents an overview of the plenary session and the work of nine sections, outlines the topics and content of the delivered scientific reports, focusing attention on the current problems of linguistics highlighted at the conference. The article provides a summary overview of the plenary session and the work of nine sections, outlines the topics and content of the delivered scientific reports, and focuses attention on the current problems of linguistics highlighted at the conference.

Diabetes Management through α-Glucosidase Inhibitors Challenges and Current Perspectives

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) known as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. The incidence of T2DM is increasing day by day. According to data from World Health Organization (WHO), the number of diabetic patients is expected to rise up to 642 million by 2040.This alarming situation needs proper treatment to control diabetes. Physicians mostly prescribe insulin based medications, but in this new medical era, α-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) based drug therapy possess tremendous preventive and potential inhibitory effect upon the over expression of the enzyme which digests the carbohydrate macromolecules and breaks down into single chain monomeric α-glucose units. As a result, carbohydrate breaks down gradually decreases, which slowing down the absorption of post prandial glucose PPG, regulating the blood glucose level. This review article addresses about the management of T2DM through AGIs along with new potential leads from natural products in the pipeline of new AGI drugs development from synthetic and natural origin.