Current Generation Research Articles

Climate change impact assessment on the hydrological response of the Tawa basin for sustainable water management

Sustainable water resources planning and management are essential for meeting the needs of both current and future generations while mitigating environmental impacts. River basins, integral components of ecosystems, are pivotal in implementing well-balanced and responsible management strategies. River basins serve as crucial sources for freshwater supply, irrigation, hydropower generation, and industrial activities. In the face of climate change, it becomes imperative to prioritize the hydrological impact assessment of river basins. This prioritization aims to ensure the resilience of water systems, recognizing the heightened challenges posed by changing climatic conditions. The present study examines the projected changes in the mean and high flow of Tawa River, an important Narmada River tributary that is critical for agriculture and hydropower generation using two conceptual lumped hydrological models, MIKE 11 NAM and GRJ4 respectively, and thirteen CMIP6 global climate models (GCMs) for two shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), SSP2-45 and SSP5-85, in the near (2030–2060) and far (2070–2100) futures. Our findings reveal a significant rise in both mean monthly and extreme discharge levels for two scenarios: SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5. Notably, the projections indicate that the mean annual discharge, extreme discharge levels, and their frequency are anticipated to rise considerably more dramatically in the period of far future (2070–2100), particularly under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. This study underlines the importance of establishing a mitigation strategy for sustainable water resources and increased community resilience to climate change in the Tawa River Basin.

Enhancing ICT-based international interactions: Impact of Zoom and Padlet on willingness to communicate, international posture, and speaking proficiency

This study explores the affective aspects ― Willingness to communicate (WTC) and International Posture (IP) ― and speaking skills after using technological tools. Online synchronous meeting tool, Zoom, and the asynchronous tool, Padlet, were used as online learning platforms. Data were collected using an 8-item questionnaire on the WTC and a 20-item questionnaire on IP. They were pre-existing questionnaires developed for the Japanese context and were administered to 34 college students before and after their lessons. Participants’ speaking ability was tested twice (pre- and post-tests). Open-ended responses and participant reflections were also analyzed to gain further insights. Results showed significant effects on enhancing WTC, IP and speaking skills of participants with regard to ICT-based International Interactions. In addition, positive communication experiences with cross-cultural partners using Zoom and Padlet led to higher affective aspects and learning motivation. The findings suggest the viability of Padlet and Zoom as a tool for all proficient learners because of their relative ease of use and data management features. The implication of this study is relevant to a pedagogical tool in online exchanges for the current generation of students.

Spin Hall effect: Symmetry breaking, twisting, and giant disorder renormalization

Atomically thin materials based on transition-metal dichalcogenides and graphene offer a promising avenue for unlocking the mechanisms underlying the spin Hall effect (SHE) in heterointerfaces. Here we develop a microscopic theory of the SHE for twisted van der Waals heterostructures that fully incorporates twisting and disorder effects and illustrate the critical role of symmetry breaking in the generation of spin Hall currents. We find that an accurate treatment of vertex corrections leads to a qualitatively and quantitatively different SHE than that obtained from the popular iη and ladder approximations. A pronounced oscillatory behavior of skew-scattering processes with twist angle θ is predicted, reflecting a nontrivial interplay of Rashba and valley-Zeeman effects and yields a vanishing SHE for θ=30∘ and, for graphene-WSe2 heterostructures, an optimal SHE for θ≈17∘. Our findings reveal disorder and broken symmetries as important knobs to optimize interfacial SHEs. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

The Intergenerational Transmission of Pro-Environmental Behaviours: The Role of Moral Judgment in Primary School-Age Children

The environmental crisis poses a critical issue for current and future generations, driving research to investigate the key factors and psychological characteristics that motivate individuals to engage in pro-environmental behaviours (PEBs) from an early age. In this context, intergenerational transmission—which refers to how parents influence their children’s behaviour—plays a crucial role in initiating and promoting eco-friendly practices. From a children-centred perspective, the current study focused on the intergenerational transmission of PEBs, addressing the moderating role of children’s moral judgment. This latter was evaluated considering general moral judgment (i.e., moral transgressions, social-conventional transgressions, and non-harmful personal choices) and domain-specific environmental moral judgment (i.e., harmful actions with no specific victim, harmful actions to animals, and harmful actions to plants/trees). This study was carried out with 229 triads of Italian children (Mage = 8.54 years; SDage = 1.46 years; rangeage 6–11 years, 130 girls and 99 boys), fathers (Mage = 45.73 years; SDage = 5.07 years; rangeage 29–64 years), and mothers (Mage = 42.56 years; SDage = 4.67 years; rangeage 28–57 years). Results revealed that only the moral evaluations on harmful actions directed at animals (B = 0.32, SE = 0.15, t = 2.18, CI 95% = [0.030, 0.612]) and those towards plants/trees (B = 0.19, SE = 0.08, t = 2.49, CI 95% = [0.369, 0.342]) moderated the association between parents’ PEBs and children’s PEBs, boosting the intergenerational transmission of PEBs. Overall, this research yielded novel evidence on the main factors affecting the intergenerational transmission of PEBs, suggesting moral judgment as a critical mechanism in nurturing pro-environmental practices in school-age children. Implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed.

Kecerdasan Saja Tidak Cukup: Pentingnya Membangun Jiwa Nasionalisme pada Generasi Muda di Era Globalisasi dengan Pendidikan Pancasila

In the era of globalization, Indonesia's young generation faces challenges that erode the sense of nationalism and national values. Globalization, although it brings advances in information and communication technology, has also resulted in strong foreign cultural influences, reducing local values. This research aims to find out the importance of building the spirit of nationalism in the younger generation with Pancasila education. This study uses a literature study method by collecting data from various sources such as journal articles, books, and previous research reports. The main source of data for this research is the research article published through google scholar. The analysis stages are carried out qualitatively consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings of this study are that the Pancasila learning method must be adapted to the needs of the current young generation, with an interactive and technology-based approach. Family, school, and community play an important role in instilling nationalist values. Character education from the family, extracurricular activities in schools, and social programs in the community all contribute to the formation of national character. Mass media and information technology must also be used to foster the spirit of nationalism through educational and inspirational content

Exploring the Potential of Endophytic Microorganisms and Nanoparticles for Enhanced Water Remediation.

Endophytic microorganisms contribute significantly to water bioremediation by enhancing pollutant degradation and supporting aquatic plant health and resilience by releasing bioactive compounds and enzymes. These microorganisms inhabit plant tissues without causing disease or any noticeable symptoms. Endophytes effectively aid in eliminating contaminants from water systems. Nanoparticles serve as potent enhancers in bioremediation processes, augmenting the efficiency of pollutant degradation by increasing surface area and bioavailability, thereby improving the efficacy and rate of remediation. Their controlled nutrient release and ability to stabilize endophytic colonization further contribute to the enhanced and sustainable elimination of contaminated environments. The synergistic effect of endophytes and nanoparticles in water remediation has been widely explored in recent studies, revealing compelling outcomes. Water pollution poses significant threats to human health, ecosystems, and economies; hence, the sixth global goal of the Sustainable Development Agenda 2030 of the United Nations aims to ensure the availability and sustainable management of water resources, recognizing their crucial importance for current and future generations. Conventional methods for addressing water pollution exhibit several limitations, including high costs, energy-intensive processes, the production of hazardous by-products, and insufficient effectiveness in mitigating emerging pollutants such as pharmaceuticals and microplastics. Noticeably, there is an inability to effectively remove various types of pollutants, thus resulting in incomplete purification cycles. Nanoparticle-enhanced water bioremediation offers an innovative, eco-friendly alternative for degrading contaminants. A growing body of research has shown that integrating endophytic microorganisms with nanoparticles for water bioremediation is a potent and viable alternative. This review examines the potential of using endophytic microorganisms and nanoparticles to enhance water remediation, exploring their combined effects and applications in water purification. The paper also provides an overview of synthetic methods for producing endophyte-nanoparticle composites to optimize their remediation capabilities in aqueous environments. The final section of the review highlights the constraints related to integrating endophytes with nanoparticles.

Long-term impact of artificial intelligence on colorectal adenoma detection in high-risk colonoscopy.

Improved adenoma detection rate (ADR) has been demonstrated with artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted colonoscopy. However, data on the real-world application of AI and its effect on colorectal cancer (CRC) screening outcomes is limited. To analyze the long-term impact of AI on a diverse at-risk patient population undergoing diagnostic colonoscopy for positive CRC screening tests or symptoms. AI software (GI Genius, Medtronic) was implemented into the standard procedure protocol in November 2022. Data was collected on patient demographics, procedure indication, polyp size, location, and pathology. CRC screening outcomes were evaluated before and at different intervals after AI introduction with one year of follow-up. We evaluated 1008 colonoscopies (278 pre-AI, 255 early post-AI, 285 established post-AI, and 190 late post-AI). The ADR was 38.1% pre-AI, 42.0% early post-AI (P = 0.77), 40.0% established post-AI (P = 0.44), and 39.5% late post-AI (P = 0.77). There were no significant differences in polyp detection rate (PDR, baseline 59.7%), advanced ADR (baseline 16.2%), and non-neoplastic PDR (baseline 30.0%) before and after AI introduction. In patients with an increased pre-test probability of having an abnormal colonoscopy, the current generation of AI did not yield enhanced CRC screening metrics over high-quality colonoscopy. Although the potential of AI in colonoscopy is undisputed, current AI technology may not universally elevate screening metrics across all situations and patient populations. Future studies that analyze different AI systems across various patient populations are needed to determine the most effective role of AI in optimizing CRC screening in clinical practice.

Workshop Bagi Pelajar MAN 1 Pangkalpinang Untuk Menjadi Content Kreator

Social media is currently very popular with the millennial generation, where the current millennial generation is required to have very high creativity and can produce content. A good content is produced because of the existence of personal branding and good public speaking from a creator. In the workshop students are given directions and techniques for how to build personal branding and public speaking in public, besides that students are taught how to make and produce a video to be recognized by many people. The community service activity was held at MAN 1 Pangkalpinang which was attended by 40 students. Students who were so excited when they received the material and were very active in asking questions.asked questions when the resource person gave the material.

Digital public services: Catalysts for healthcare efficiency

Healthcare systems pose a continuous concern and challenge for countries worldwide. Effective governance plays a pivotal role in managing these systems, ensuring the well-being of current and future generations. In this context, digital transformation emerges as a key catalyst for change. E-government, with its potential to foster integrated policies and public services, holds the promise of driving healthcare transformation and improving healthcare delivery efficiency. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the impact of e-government on healthcare transformation within the context of 27 European Union (EU) countries over the period from 2011 to 2022. Leveraging a Tobit model, the results showed that the development of e-government is a positive determinant for a country's ability to achieve transformative changes in its healthcare system. The findings of this study underscore the pivotal role of digital public services in reshaping healthcare systems and advancing the delivery of healthcare services. As nations strive to meet the evolving needs of their populations and enhance the sustainability of healthcare, e-government emerges as a powerful enabler of change. This research contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the integration of e-government in healthcare systems, promoting the efficient, effective, and equitable delivery of healthcare services. It provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders, emphasizing the importance of prioritizing digital transformation to drive healthcare improvements, ultimately benefiting both present and future generations.

Urgensi Mata Kuliah Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Di Kalangan Mahasiswa Generasi Z

As technology advances, generation Z students can easily access foreign culture nowadays with the rapid flow of globalization making it easier for foreign culture to enter Indonesia. This is worrying about the development of the younger generation, especially generation Z, whose lives have been very spoiled by technology. A sense of nationalism is needed because of globalization and rapid technological progress. Civics and Pancasila education is one way to foster a sense of nationalism. The aim of this research is to determine the urgency of citizenship education courses among generation Z students in line with the rapid flow of globalization. The method used is library research (Library Research) by collecting and analyzing books and articles related to the theme. The results of this research show that citizenship education is very important for generation Z students, especially as their preparation to become the golden generation in 2045. In this increasingly complex era, understanding citizenship concepts such as rights and obligations, democracy, tolerance, pluralism, and participation in political and social life is very crucial. The various problems faced by the current generation are increasingly complex due to the massive presence of technology, for this reason the role of teachers and the urgency of citizenship education courses are very necessary which aims to shape students into humans or citizens who have a sense of nationality and love for their country.

Ultrahigh temperature ablation resistant HfB2-SiC composites: From liquid SiHfCB precursor synthesis to light weight bulk preparation and characterization

The current generation of ultrahigh temperature ceramic precursors typically encounters obstacles in achieving high ceramic yields (<40 wt.%) due to the challenges in integrating significant amounts of boron, which hampers their conversion into boride-based ultrahigh temperature ceramics. To tackle these challenges, a serious of pioneering liquid multi-component hafnium-containing ceramic SiHfCB precursors (with different Hf/Si ratios) have been developed. These novel precursors are featured with stable molecular structure and high ceramic yield which were successfully created through a novel one-pot polymerization process. They present in liquid form and their structure is characterized by C-C bonds forming its main chain with branched chains of O-Si-O, Si-O-Hf, Si-O-B, and B-O-Hf which have untapped advantages including uniform component dispersion, and excellent fluidity. The ceramic yield of SiHfCB precursor with Hf/Si of 0.2 is remarkably up to 68.6 wt.% at 1500 °C, and their Hf content exceeded 50 wt.%. Of particular interest, the pyrolyzed product HfB2-SiC nanopowders derived from the SiHfCB precursor with Hf/Si of 0.2, consist of nanopowders in the 40–60 nm range with a density of 5.23 g cm−3. Remarkably, this material demonstrates exceptional performance in ultrahigh temperature oxygen-containing environments at 2500 °C, showing near-zero ablation with a linear ablation rate of just 2.5 × 10−4 mm s−1. Post-ablation analysis of the microstructure reveals that the formation of a lava-like HfO2 and HfO2-SiO2 oxide layer effectively blocks oxygen penetration and provides excellent oxidation resistance. The innovative SiHfCB hafnium-containing ceramic precursor offers a groundbreaking solution for the preparation of lightweight ultrahigh-temperature ceramics. This development is poised to provide robust technical support for the use of ultrahigh temperature ceramics in non-ablative thermal protective systems, particularly in the construction of hypersonic vehicles, where ultrahigh temperature resilience is crucial.

Cheating in the age of generative AI: A high school survey study of cheating behaviors before and after the release of ChatGPT

The public release of ChatGPT and other generative AI chatbot technologies has been accompanied by questions about how academic integrity and student cheating behaviors will be impacted. We analyzed anonymous survey data from three high schools to see if self-reported cheating numbers changed following the introduction of ChatGPT and similar technologies. This survey data set is unique in that data on cheating had been collected with this set of schools both before and after November 2022, when ChatGPT was publicly released and drew attention to these educational concerns. The results suggested that cheating behaviors remained relatively stable after the introduction of this current generation of generative AI chatbot technology. However, some changes in reported behaviors differed depending on the type of cheating (social cheating, AI-related cheating, etc.). Additional survey questions about high school students’ AI chatbot usage and the perceived allowability of such technology revealed mixed opinions on the acceptability of using AI for various academic-related tasks. Most students did not think that using a chatbot to produce an entire paper or complete an entire assignment should be allowable. However, there was support for using AI chatbots to help students to start on assignments and papers and to help explain new concepts to them.

Guest Editorial: Special Issue on Spin Pumping and Spin-Orbit Torques in Magnetic Heterostructures

Spin pumping and spin-orbit torques play important roles in advancing spintronic device technologies. Our curated special issue focuses on these phenomena in magnetic heterostructures, which are critical for various applications. The high-quality papers 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 delve into spin pumping and spin-orbit torques in diverse heterostructures, addressing topics such as insulating/metallic interfaces tailoring spin-to-charge conversion, the influence of HfOx capping layers on perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, anisotropy-controlled spin current generation, sputter pressure-dependent spin Hall angle, the effect of oxygen ion irradiation on spin-orbit torques, and a review paper of emerging two-dimensional/ferromagnetic interfaces. This Editorial discusses the reported articles and the future perspective of these topics. With this special issue, we anticipate significant contributions to both academic research and industrial developments in this direction.

NetDiffusion: Network Data Augmentation Through Protocol-Constrained Traffic Generation

Datasets of labeled network traces are essential for a multitude of machine learning (ML) tasks in networking, yet their availability is hindered by privacy and maintenance concerns, such as data staleness. To overcome this limitation, synthetic network traces can often augment existing datasets. Unfortunately, current synthetic trace generation methods, which typically produce only aggregated flow statistics or a few selected packet attributes, do not always suffice, especially when model training relies on having features that are only available from packet traces. This shortfall manifests in both insufficient statistical resemblance to real traces and suboptimal performance on ML tasks when employed for data augmentation. In this paper, we apply diffusion models to generate high-resolution synthetic network traffic traces. We present NetDiffusion, a tool that uses a finely-tuned, controlled variant of a Stable Diffusion model to generate synthetic network traffic that is high fidelity and conforms to protocol specifications. Our evaluation demonstrates that packet captures generated from NetDiffusion can achieve higher statistical similarity to real data and improved ML model performance than current state-of-the-art approaches (e.g., GAN-based approaches). Furthermore, our synthetic traces are compatible with common network analysis tools and support a myriad of network tasks, suggesting that NetDiffusion can serve a broader spectrum of network analysis and testing tasks, extending beyond ML-centric applications.

Shunt Active Power Filters in Three-Phase, Three-Wire Systems: A Topical Review

The increasingly extensive use of non-linear loads, mostly including static power converters, in large industry, commercial, and domestic applications, as well as the spread of renewable energy sources in distribution-generated units, make the use of the most efficient power quality improvement systems a current concern. The use of active power filters proved to be the most advanced solution with the best compensation performance for harmonics, reactive power, and load unbalance. Thus, issues related to improving the power quality through active power filters are very topical and addressed by many researchers. This paper presents a topical review on the shunt active power filters in three-phase, three-wire systems. The power circuit and configurations of shunt active filtering systems are considered, including the multilevel topologies and use of advanced power semiconductor devices with lower switching losses and higher switching frequencies. Several compensation strategies, reference current generation methods, current control techniques, and DC-voltage control are pointed out and discussed. The direct power control method is also discussed. New advanced control methods that have better performance than conventional ones and gained attention in the recent literature are highlighted. The current state of renewable energy sources integration with shunt active power filters is analyzed. Concerns regarding the optimum placement and sizing of the active power filters in a given power network to reduce the investment costs are also presented. Trends and future developments are discussed at the end of this paper. For a rigorous substantiation, more than 250 publications on this topic, most of them very recent, constitute the basis of bibliographic references and can assist readers who are interested to explore the subject in greater detail.

Penguatan Karakter Religius Melalui Program Pesantren Ramadhan 1445 H Pada Komunitas Teras Baca Nurul Huda Batu Ringgit Kota Mataram Nusa Tenggara Barat

Islamic religious education in public schools is often said to have little influence on students. Apart from the very limited intensity of study time, namely 2-3 hours of lessons per week, this is also due to the fact that Islamic learning only focuses on basic theoretical knowledge and less on a practical level so that the main goal of Islamic education which touches on the spiritual and social dimensions is difficult to achieve. The Nurul Huda Reading Terrace Community, located in Baturinggit village, Mataram City, NTB, is a forum for informal education for children and teenagers engaged in literacy. Advances in technology and information that have led to shifts in social behavior have given rise to negative behaviors that have led to the apathetic, intolerant, anti-social and hedonistic attitudes of the current generation. This is the basis for the formation of the Ramadhan Islamic boarding school program in the Teras Baca Nurul Huda Baturinggit Mataram comunity, NTB. The Ramadhan Islamic boarding school program has been successfully attended by 60 participants. The aim of this program is to strengthen the religious character of local village children and teenagers who will support the realization of a religious society. The methods of this program include: 1) Preparation; 2) Implementation; and 3) Evaluation and Follow-up. Several activities such as Ramadhan taklim, duarah, donations. Through these activities, religious characters can be strengthened, including love of Allah and His Messenger, independence, courageous, responsible attitudes, a sense of solidarity and mutual respect for each other and an attitude of empathy. The positive response and support of the local community, especially parents and community leaders, guarantees the continuity of this program from the beginning to the end of Ramadan and creates opportunities for its continuation in the future to form a religious, individually and socially pious generation.

Optimizing Professional Development for New York State Public Health Association Members: Findings From a Mixed Methods Assessment of Public Health Professionals

The COVID-19 pandemic placed significant burden on public health professionals, with many experiencing burnout and leaving the profession. The New York State Public Health Association (NYSPHA) recognized the impact of the pandemic on the state’s public health workforce and sought professional development opportunities to support current and future generations of public health professionals. To achieve this goal, NYSPHA solicited input from its members and potential members via survey and focus groups as part of its New Directions Initiative. Seventy individuals participated in listening sessions, and 850 responded to the survey. While more than half felt that NYSPHA is invested in the health and wellness of New Yorkers, fewer considered NYSPHA a leader in public health or a go-to source for public health information. Only about one-third felt connected to NYSPHA as a public health professional. Participants identified multiple professional development opportunities that would encourage them to join or renew their membership including sections or special interest groups (57.4%), opportunities to gain leadership experience (56.7%), volunteering (58.1%), a new committee that addresses public health in the community (55.9%), and mentorship (48.4%). NYSPHA used the results of the survey and focus groups to provide several professional development opportunities including a mentorship program, a new Public Health in Action Committee, and special interest groups in mental health and climate change that have already made a difference in local New York State communities. Similar organizations may use NYSPHA’s experience as an example for supporting their workforce to maximize impact on the communities they serve.

Construction and validation of a new Generational Time Perspective Questionnaire

The article presents a proposal for a new diagnostic tool—the Generational Time Perspective Questionnaire. The Generational Time Perspective was defined as a cognitive-affective representation of the future in relation to the lives of a generation of people that the current generation of people will not live to see. This definition was the starting point for the construction of the Generational Time Perspective Questionnaire. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicate a two-factor structure of the Generational Time Perspective Questionnaire. The first factor includes items about the cognitive representation of the future in the next generations. The second factor describes negative emotions towards the problems that humanity may face in future generations. The reliability of the particular dimensions of the questionnaire is satisfactory. The Generational Time Perspective Questionnaire correlates with other constructs that diagnose different aspects of an individual’s temporality.

The Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings for Energy Renovation—A Case Study for the Residential Building Stock in Bucharest (Romania)

This study focuses on an overview of two programs applied to the residential building stock of Bucharest (Romania), namely, the seismic strengthening program and the thermal rehabilitation program. The methodology for seismic risk assessment given in the current generation of Romanian codes, as well as in previous regulations, is examined. A brief review of other seismic risk assessment methodologies currently applied in various seismically prone countries is also presented. Examples of high-rise buildings in Bucharest that suffered significant damage during the Vrancea 1977 earthquake and that were thermally rehabilitated without any strengthening works are shown in this paper. The consistent differences between the current outcomes of the two programs are presented and discussed. Finally, this review paper highlights the lack of coherence in terms of seismic risk assessments for the same class of buildings, inducing, in some situations, a false feeling of safety in the building inhabitants. In addition, a combined procedure for both seismic strengthening and thermal rehabilitation is mandatory, considering the seismicity of Romania, as well as ongoing climate change.

Effect of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles (MgO) on Wastewater Treatment and Electric Current Generation Using Microbial Fuel Cell Technology

Effect of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles (MgO) on Wastewater Treatment and Electric Current Generation Using Microbial Fuel Cell Technology