Current Electric Motor Research Articles

Nonlinear optimal control for robotic exoskeletons with electropneumatic actuators

Nonlinear optimal control for robotic exoskeletons with electropneumatic actuators

Increasing the Efficiency of Diagnostics in the Brush-Commutator Assembly of a Direct Current Electric Motor

Increasing the productivity and reliability of mining infrastructure facilities is an important task in achieving future goals. Mining dump trucks are an important part of coal mine infrastructure. In this article, to determine the reliability indicators in a brush–commutator unit and the residual life of electric motor brushes, a mathematical model for processing statistical data has been developed, which allows for the classification of types of failures and, unlike existing models, the determination of the life of the brushes according to the maximum extent of their wear. A method for predicting the residual life of an electric brush in a DC electric motor is presented, which contains a list of controlled reliability indicators, included a mathematical model. The described model improves the accuracy of the prediction and detection of DC motor failures. The derivation of the general formula for calculating the residual life of electric brushes is given. Based on the proposed mathematical model, we studied and calculated the reliability of the brush–commutator unit, the minimum height of the brush during operation, the average rate of its wear, the standard deviation and the mathematical expectation of brush wear. A nomogram of the failure-free operation time of the brush–commutator unit in a DC electric motor was modeled using the height of the brush during operation. Output parameters after the implementation of this monitoring system include the reliability of the electric motor operation. At the same time, diagnostic characteristics are improved twofold, and the residual life of the brush-switching unit is increased by 28–30%.

Enhanced Output Tracking Control for Direct Current Electric Motor Systems Using Bio-Inspired Optimization

In this paper, an efficient output reference trajectory tracking control scheme for direct current electric motor systems based on bio-inspired optimization is proposed. The differential flatness structural property of the electric motor along with dynamic tracking error compensation is suitably exploited for the backstepping control design. Off-line optimal selection of control parameters, implementing bio-inspired ant colony and particle swarm optimization algorithms, is addressed by minimizing an objective function where the decision variables are the tracking error and control input effort. A novel adaptive version of the control approach based on B-spline artificial neural networks is provided as well. The introduced flat output feedback tracking control design approach can be further extended for other differentially flat dynamic systems. Considerably perturbed, diverse velocity and position reference trajectory tracking scenarios are developed for demonstrating the acceptable closed-loop system performance. The results prove the efficient and robust tracking of the position and velocity reference profiles planned for the operation of the controlled electric motor system under variable torque disturbances using bio-inspired optimization.

Controlling electrical circuit of electric motor on igbt transistors

Purpose. Development and analysis of the operation of an electrical circuit for controlling a 700 W direct current electric motor using a contactor on IGBT transistors for operation in diesel locomotives. Methodology. Analytical and computational methods for developing and analyzing the operation of an electrical circuit using a contactor on IGBT transistors. Findings. An electrical circuit for controlling a 700 W DC motor using IGBT transistors was developed. The circuit allows you to replace electromagnetic contactors with IGBT transistors to improve the technical characteristics and performance of the electric motor. The use of IGBT transistors allows you to avoid burning of contact groups in comparison with an electromagnetic contactor. A graphical analysis of the transient processes during switching on and off of the electric motor using a circuit based on IGBT transistors was carried out. The analysis of the load characteristic of the electric motor at start-up shows that in the initial section the voltage increases according to a linear law. After the initial increase in voltage, it reaches the set value and the electric motor operates in the operating mode. The analysis of the load characteristics of the electric motor when it is turned off shows, that when the power is turned off, the motor can’t stop immediately, as the phenomenon of self-induction occurs. When the external voltage is turned off, its change on the electric motor occurs according to the exponential law. It is shown that for controlling the operation of the electric motor, it is more appropriate to use an electric circuit based on IGBT transistors, which provides conditions for more stable and safe operation of the electric motor. Using the electrical circuit allows you to find quickly malfunctions for their further elimination. The electrical circuit allows you to avoid physical wear of its electrical elements. Originality. An electrical circuit for controlling an electric motor based on modern electronic components has been developed, which allows the use of IGBT transistors instead of electromagnetic contactors. On the basis of the analytical and calculation method and graphical analysis, the expediency of using IGBT transistors instead of electromagnetic contactors has been proven. Practical value. The developed electrical circuit can be applied to control a 700 W direct current electric motor for operation in diesel locomotives. The proposed electrical circuit allows to increase the mobility of repairs in the event of a malfunction by replacing the corresponding unit.

Experimental study of a universal high-speed ac collector motor

AC collector motors with power from tens to hundreds of watts are widely used in electric drives of flexible production systems, industrial robots, automation systems and vehicles. The most common is the use of universal alternating current collector electric motors. They are called universal because they can work from both an alternating current and a direct current network. They have the ability to smoothly change the speed of rotation of the drive - its shaft, which sets the executive mechanism in motion. An actual direction is conducting experimental studies of universal alternating current collector motors, which are used as a drive for hand-held power tools. This is done through the use of a specially developed experimental stand that takes into account the peculiarities of the operation of such electric motors. The purpose of the work is an experimental study of a universal AC collector motor to evaluate its parameters and characteristics. To evaluate the parameters and characteristics of such a motor for the drive of a hand-held electric tool, an experimental stand was developed, which takes into account the high speed of rotation of the output shaft of the device and allows smoothly changing the load to obtain operating characteristics. The hand-held electric tool of the world-famous manufacturer Makita, model GA5030, is used as the research object. Structurally, the drive motor is a collector machine of variable voltage with series excitation. The speed of rotation of such motors is regulated by changing the power supply voltage supplied to the motor. The structure of the experimental stand for the study of high-speed universal collector machines was developed, all components were selected and the stand was correctly assembled, according to the developed basic electrical and assembly diagram. Using the developed stand, the operating characteristics of the engine under study P1, Ia, η, cosϕ, n, M= f(P2) were recorded. The engine under study meets the stated characteristics. The value of the nominal efficiency is within 36% with a rather large value of the power factor cosϕ≈0.98.

Small Direct Current Electric Motors

When I was about 10 years old, I was given an electric motor kit for Christmas. I had to wind a length of insulated copper wire on the rotor, put together the commutator, and install a small U magnet. I enjoyed the construction experience and with some parental assistance figured out how it worked. Ever since then, I have been curious about these simple artifacts of technology, and this article discusses some of them that I have met in my scientific travels. The small electric motor is a simple piece of technology that is based on mechanics, electricity, and magnetism and is a good mechanism for drawing students into physics.

THEORY OF CATASTROPHES REGARDING THE OPERATION OF A DC ELECTRIC MOTOR WITH SERIES EXCITATION

This paper brings in the spotlight the theory of catastrophes and its application for the analysis of the equilibrium positions of dynamic electrical systems. A study model was adopted in the case of a DC electric motor with series excitation operating in transient regime. From the perspective of the theory of catastrophes, starting from the operating equations of the direct current electric motor with series excitation, the functions that describe its behavior in the phase-space and in the control-space were obtained and then the equilibrium points of the chosen model were determined. Also, for a clearer understanding of the results obtained, the evolution of this behavior in the phase-space and in the control-space was highlighted graphically, using the MATLAB software.

Solenoid Engine

Given the impact on the environment as well as financial considerations like the gradually rising cost of liquid fossil fuels, maintenance, and other costs, electric vehicles are becoming a more and more appealing option to vehicles with combustion engines. Due to the fact that these cars are well renowned for having zero emissions and being fueled by renewable energy. The project's goal is to replace the current electric motor with an alternate electric vehicle primary mover. Generally speaking, EVs are propelled and controlled by the fusion of electrical, electronic, and mechanical components, but their primary propulsion system is its electric motor. By transforming electrical energy into kinetic energy, an electric motor operates according to the electromagnetic induction theory. An electric motor's primary function is energy conversion, and this actuator is widely used in most EV designs. Therefore, the electric motor will be replaced with a solenoid as the prime mover. A solenoid prototype is created, constructed, and tested for this. A kicking mechanism will be made of the solenoid. A solenoid has been studied as a shooting mechanism in prior investigations. One study looks into the solenoid as the best kicking mechanism. The solenoid was created and optimised in the other investigation. A prototype solenoid is created and tested in this study.

Eletromechanical model of a based catamaran vessel

The objective of this research is to provide a tool that allows to quantify the power requirements, energy consumption and the efficiency of the propulsion system of a catamaran with two degrees of freedom according to its speed. Furthermore, it seeks to improve the design process from a phenomenological perspective that gives rise to a better reliability of the result. To achieve this, an electromechanical model is being developed by using the methodology for obtaining phenomenological-based semi-physical models. This model couples the dynamics of a geometry-known ship with its propulsion system, which is constituted by a propeller and a brushless direct current (BLDC) electric motor; at the same time, it uses data from computational simulations related to the hydrodynamics of the submerged components. Finally, the results of using the model with parameters of a specific catamaran and motor are presented. This model allows to properly couple the dynamics of a boat with two degrees of freedom.

Investigating the use of 3D printed soft magnetic PEEK‐based composite for space compliant electrical motors

AbstractElectric motors are ubiquitous on spacecraft and their smooth operation relies on the presence of naturally magnetic materials. The employment of conventional metal‐based magnets causes some inconveniences such as high values of specific gravity and the limited reproducibility of complicated geometries. The introduction of novel polymer‐based magnetic materials processed via additive manufacturing represents a brilliant answer to these needs. This paper describes the first‐time development of a polyether ether ketone‐magnetite (Fe3O4) soft magnetic composite. The material was prepared by adding 50 wt% magnetic microparticles to the polymeric matrix. The composite material was extruded in form of filaments and 3D printed via fused filament fabrication. The thermomechanical characterization demonstrated the stability of the material at both processing ad use temperatures, while the magnetic analysis reported a typical soft magnetic behavior with 25.7 A m2 kg−1 magnetization at saturation. The measured properties were employed as inputs for the finite element analysis of an axial flux brushless direct current electric motor, as a proof of concept. The simulation of the electromechanical behavior of the motor showed promising performance for the composite material, reaching the maximum deliverable torque of about 0.8 Nm (compliant to small power aerospace applications such as micro‐actuators and mini control moment gyroscopes) with weight savings up to 50%.

MATH MODEL OF A DIRECT CURRENT MOTOR FOR STEERING ACTUATOR OF A LIQUID-PROPELLANT ENGINE

The paper presents the results of development of a math model for a direct current motor of a liquid-propellant engine steering actuator In accordance with the electrical machine theory, the math model of the motor uses a single electromagnetic coefficient. It is shown that the motor math model accuracy can be improved through the use, instead of a single electromagnetic coefficient, of two different coefficients of the math model: Electromechanical velocity coupling coefficient and torque curve coefficient. Elaborated and proposed are methods for identifying parameters of a math model of a dc motor that has natural and artificial static characteristics, which include determining its experimental static characteristics, calculating the values of static characteristics parameters using the linear regression method and calculating the values of the electric motor math model parameters using the proposed formulas. Key words: direct current electric motor, math model, parameter identification method.

Safe Transportation of Nuclear Fuel Assemblies by Means of Wheeled Robotic Platforms

Certain engineering problems concerning safety of the technological operations of the horizontal transportation of nuclear fuel within the enterprises’ sites were considered. Taking into account current trends in the introduction of robotic systems to reduce the impact of hazardous nuclear materials on personnel, the issue of automated control of the movement of the wheeled robotic platform, which can be used for horizontal transportation of nuclear fuel was studied. The major attention was paid to minimizing the transportation loads on nuclear fuel by means of decreasing the accelerations under its horizontal movement on the robotic wheeled transportation platform, which is a separate issue of the comprehensive safety problem of nuclear materials management.
 The research of horizontal movement safety of nuclear fuel by means of the robotic wheeled platforms was limited to defining transportation accelerations and was performed by computer simulations using mathematical models of dynamics and electro-mechanics. The mathematical model of the robotic transport wheeled platform loaded with nuclear fuel with the on-board accelerometer ensuring the required measurements necessary for an automated safe movement control system was built in the form of the Lagrange equations of the second kind and the electro-mechanics equations of the direct current electric motors. The issue of ensuring smooth running during the displacement of a wheeled platform loaded with nuclear fuel was investigated, since especially in this mode the maximum accelerations are observed, which can lead to nuclear fuel damage. Computer simulation was performed using free Scilab software with open program code. It was demonstrated that due to the proper choice of the time algorithm of the voltage of electric motors, it is possible to ensure a small acceleration during the displacement of a robotic wheeled transport platform loaded with nuclear fuel. The obtained result substantiated the possibility of safe horizontal transportation of nuclear fuel on robotic wheeled platforms within the territories of enterprises, which will significantly reduce the harmful impact of hazardous nuclear materials on industrial personnel.

A Fast Firefly Algorithm for Function Optimization: Application to the Control of BLDC Motor

Firefly Algorithm (FA) is a recent swarm intelligence first introduced by X.S. Yang in 2008. It has been widely used to solve several optimization problems. Since then, many research works were elaborated presenting modified versions intending to improve performances of the standard one. Consequently, this article aims to present an accelerated variant compared to the original Algorithm. Through the resolving of some benchmark functions to reach optimal solution, obtained results demonstrate the superiority of the suggested alternative, so-called Fast Firefly Algorithm (FFA), when faced with those of the standard FA in term of convergence fastness to the global solution according to an almost similar precision. Additionally, a successful application for the control of a brushless direct current electric motor (BLDC) motor by optimization of the Proportional Integral (PI) regulator parameters is given. These parameters are optimized by the FFA, FA, GA, PSO and ABC algorithms using the IAE, ISE, ITAE and ISTE performance criteria.

Perancangan Prototype Mesin Pengayak Pasir Semi Otomatis Menggunakan Photovoltaic

The sand sieving system is generally still done manually which requires full human power for the sieving process. This is quite time consuming and the resulting fine sand mass is far from what is required for a construction project. Therefore the author made the idea of ​​​​designing a sand sieving machine that can be applied anywhere. This machine uses a driving system of a Brushless Direct Current electric motor with a capacity of 350W as the driving motor. Brushless Direct Current Motor is used because it has the advantage of a large starting torque, higher speed because it does not use a brush. As a source of electricity, new renewable energy solar panels with a capacity of 400Wp are used which are more environmentally friendly and efficient. This machine works when the solar panels supply a power source to the driving motor and then transmitted by the chain and gear to the sieve tube for the sieving process. This machine has a faster sand sieving process than manual sieving and the type of motor used is more efficient.

Starter-generator sets of modern vehicles

This article describes the purpose and applications of the starter generator set. The modes of operation of a starter-generator set are considered both as a sequential excitation direct current electric motor, which rotates the shaft of an internal combustion engine, and as a generator, when an electric machine operates as a direct current source of independent excitation, supplying power to electric control circuits, electric motors of auxiliary electrical equipment, lighting and battery charging. Additional functions of a starter-generator set in the form of a start-stop system, regenerative braking, booster acceleration of a vehicle, damping of torsional moments of the shaft of an internal combustion engine and control of energy flows in the on-board network were studied.
 The choice and substantiation of the optimal scheme, as well as the design of the starter-generator device, were carried out. The main technical and economic parameters of the starter-generator set were determined. The design of a starter-generator set was presented. This design is a reversible electric machine. A block diagram of a starter-generator set was developed.
 Electrical machines used for starter-generator sets are considered. The design of an asynchronous machine with a squirrel-cage rotor, a synchronous machine with electromagnetic excitation, a valve machine with permanent magnets, a contactless machine, a synchronous machine with permanent magnets, and a valve machine with self-excitation are described. A review and analysis of electrical machines used in starter-generator sets of leading foreign companies is carried out.
 The design of a reversible induction-dynamic machine is considered. The rotor rotates outside, and not inside the motor and is a short-circuited winding with a cast aluminum cage. The calculation of the main parameters of a reversible induction-dynamic machine was carried out both in the starting and in the generator modes. The calculation using a method similar to that of an induction motor was carried out.

Сучасний стан та перспективи розвитку електротехнічної промисловості України

The article examines the current state and prospects of development of the electrotechnical industry as one of the promising science-intensive industries. The analysis of the volume of production of alternating current electric motors in Ukraine from 1940 to 2019 is carried out. The article presents a comparative description of electric motor manufacturers from different countries in the Ukrainian market. The paper also uses PEST-analysis to group the most significant external factors that determine the main problems and prospects for innovative development of electrotechnical enterprises in Ukraine. The main risks, prospects and strategic directions of effective development of domestic electrotechnical enterprises are determined

A controller for brushless direct current electric motors. Part 2. Software

A universal controller for brushless direct current (BLDC) motors was designed in the presented article. The system is controlled from the user console where operating parameters are set by the user. Signals are transmitted by cables to microcontrollers which control and monitor electric motors. Microprocessors communicate via a data bus. The controller contains the user console module and the motor control module. The user console module generates commands, and motors are controlled and monitored by the control module. Motor control modules operate independently, and each brushless motor has a dedicated control module. Brushless motors can be controlled in bipolar or unipolar mode. The control method is selected by the operator. The user console and motor controllers communicate via the I²C bus.

A controller for brushless direct current electric motors. Part 1. Electrical and electronic design

A universal controller for brushless direct current (BLDC) motors was designed in the presented article. The system is controlled from the user console where operating parameters are set by the user. Signals are transmitted by cables to microcontrollers which drive and monitor electric motors. Microprocessors communicate via a data bus. The controller contains the user console module and the motor control module. The user console module generates commands, and motors are controlled and monitored by the control module. Motor control modules operate independently, and each brushless motor has a dedicated control module. Brushless motors can be controlled in bipolar or unipolar mode. The control method is selected by the operator. The user console and motor controllers communicate via the I²C bus.

Development brushless direct current electric motor of the Pilger mill drive for the technology of seamless pipes manufacturing based on the magnetic system with claw-poles

Currently, metallurgical industry contains a large number of morally and physically outdated electrical equipment that requires modernization. It requires a large capital expenditure to replace it. For this reason, it is slow to implement, long-term use for the purpose of payback, and slow to withdraw from manufacturing. In this regard, the new equipment must be innovative and in many respects ahead of the existing level of development of the industry. The article suggests such a solution. To replace the existing collector motor of the pilger mill drive for the manufacturing of seamless pipes, which has been operating since 1928 and is in a critical condition, a large-sized low-speed brushless motor with a large built-in inertial mass is proposed, which has a permanent magnet magnetic system and claw-poles. Such a technical solution for drives of this class has not been used in the world. The motor eliminates the existing 120-ton flywheel, improves reliability due to contactless current supply, and reduces operating costs by eliminating excitation losses. The motor design allows its Assembly without additional tooling, which is very important for large motors with permanent magnets. To develop a unique motor, a design system consisting of a synthesis subsystem and an analysis subsystem was created. The synthesis subsystem implements multi-level single-criteria optimization. As a result of its operation, the optimal geometry is determined based on the selected criterion. The analysis system confirms the calculation reliability using simplified optimization methods and finally removes technical risks before manufacturing an industrial design. It is based on the well-developed Ansys Electronics Desktop and Ansys Icepak systems for CAE electric machines. The analysis has several stages, which includes electromagnetic and thermal analysis. It is based on the well-developed for CAE systems electric machines Ansys Electronics Desktop and Ansys Icepak. The analysis has several stages, which includes electromagnetic and thermal analysis. The effectiveness of the design system was tested on a real project that was performed for the Chelyabinsk rolling mill. This approach is recommended for the design of other similar types of brushless direct current drive.

Development of an electric hand tractor (e-Tractor) for agricultural operations

The development of an e-Tractor for agricultural operations was conducted in response to innovative and environment-friendly technologies utilizing non-fossil fuel as a source of energy. Design considerations were taken from the Needs and Design Assessment (NADA) of the intended beneficiaries such as transport of agricultural product and/or for human mobility requirement and for plowing operations. The e-Tractor was designed with a 3-kW direct current electric motor as prime mover and 5.76 kWh battery system as the power source. The machine was tested for transport with trailer attachment using three speed settings (low-2 kph, medium-5 kph, high-7 kph) and three load settings (0 kg, 200 kg, and 400 kg). Test results showed that the e-Tractor can operate at an optimum setting of 7 kph with 287.8 kg load resulting in an operational time of 127.5 minutes and a travel distance of 14.33 km. The obtained field efficiency for the plowing operation using three trials was about 92.29% with a theoretical field capacity of 0.11 ha/h. The development of an operational electric hand tractor facilitates agricultural product mobility as an alternative RE Technology for plowing operation with minimal negative environmental impact.