Current Channel Research Articles

The Impact of New Media on the Development of Chinese Theatre and Opera

The art of Chinese opera occupies an important position in the system of Chinese art and literature. Opera contains rich connotations, which are embodied in tragedy art, personality charm and aesthetic appeal. Chinese opera art has a long history. After a long period of development, it has survived to modern times and is still full of unique charm. Today, Chinese opera art needs to be effectively integrated with the current new media channels to continue to provide artistic services to the people. Combined with the relevant cognition of new media channels and Chinese opera art, it analyzes the specific ways for the integration and development of the two.

Asymmetric Feature Fusion Network for Hyperspectral and SAR Image Classification.

Joint classification using multisource remote sensing data for Earth observation is promising but challenging. Due to the gap of imaging mechanism and imbalanced information between multisource data, integrating the complementary merits for interpretation is still full of difficulties. In this article, a classification method based on asymmetric feature fusion, named asymmetric feature fusion network (AsyFFNet), is proposed. First, the weight-share residual blocks are utilized for feature extraction while keeping separate batch normalization (BN) layers. In the training phase, redundancy of the current channel is self-determined by the scaling factors in BN, which is replaced by another channel when the scaling factor is less than a threshold. To eliminate unnecessary channels and improve the generalization, a sparse constraint is imposed on partial scaling factors. Besides, a feature calibration module is designed to exploit the spatial dependence of multisource features, so that the discrimination capability is enhanced. Experimental results on the three datasets demonstrate that the proposed AsyFFNet significantly outperforms other competitive approaches.

Studying the Performance of Underlap GAA-FET

Abstract: This paper investigates the performance of underlap Gate-All-Around Field Effect Transistor (GAA FET) of 22nm gate length and evaluates the short channel performance of the device. Underlap GAA FET structure can be utilized to increase the drive current of the nanowire devices. In this work, underlap rectangular GAA FET is designed by extension of underlap regions on source/drain of GAA FET to increase the performance. This underlap device is increasing the capacitances by adding the fringing capacitances to parasitic capacitances which increases the fringing field from gate electrode to underlap regions. In this also investigating the electrical parameters on various performance metrics like threshold voltage (Vth), ON current (ION), OFF current or subthreshold leakage current (IOFF), ON-OFF current ratio (ION/IOFF) and short channel effects such as Subthreshold slope (SS) and DIBL (Drain Induced Barrier Lowering) of underlap GAA FET are systematically evaluated and analysed. In the present study, GAA FET and underlap GAA FET device performances are investigated through ATLAS device simulator from Silvaco.

Generic and Sensitive Anomaly Detection of Network Covert Timing Channels

Network covert timing channels can be maliciously used to exfiltrate secrets, coordinate attacks and propagate malwares, posing serious threats to cybersecurity. Current covert timing channels normally conduct small-volume transmission under the covers of various disguising techniques, making them hard to detect especially when a detector has little priori knowledge of their traffic features. In this paper, we propose a generic and sensitive detection approach, which can simultaneously (i) identify various types of channels without their traffic knowledge and (ii) maintain reasonable performance on small traffic samples. The basis of our approach is the finding that the short-term timing behavior of covert and legitimate traffic is significantly different from the perspective of inter-packet delays' variation. This phenomenon can be a generic reference to detect various channels because it is resistant to major channel disguising techniques which only mimic long-term traffic features, while it is also a sensitive reference to spot small-volume covert transmission since it can capture traffic anomalies in a fine-grained manner. To obtain the inner patterns of inter-packet delays' variation, we design a context-sensitive feature-extraction technique. This technique transforms each raw inter-packet delay into a discrete counterpart based on its contextual properties, thus extracting its variation features and reducing traffic data complexity. Then we learn legitimate variation patterns using a neural network model, and identify samples showing anomalous variation as covert. The experimental results show that our approach effectively detects all currently representative channels in the absence of their knowledge, presenting once to twice higher sensitivity than the state-of-the-art solutions.

Consensus Control of Discrete-Time Multiagent Systems Over Correlated Fading Channels: A Compressed Coding Scheme

This article focuses on the mean-square consensus control problem for a class of discrete-time multiagent systems (DT-MASs) over time-correlated multistate Markovian fading channels, where the packet loss probability is time-varying and depends on the current channel state. In order to save limited network bandwidth, a compressed coding scheme is developed by preprocessing the measurement output. With the aid of a stochastic Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, a sufficient condition is first obtained under which the consensus error system is mean-square stable for DT-MASs over identical fading channels. Then, the consensus gain is formulated as the feasible solution to a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) whose dimensions are independent of the number of agents. Furthermore, for the case that agents communicate over nonidentical fading channels, the mean-square consensus problem is transformed into an analyzable edge agreement issue in the mean-square sense by means of properties of the edge Laplacian combined with a mapping technique. Next, a sufficient condition is derived to ensure the mean-square consensus performance, based on which the existence of the controller can be guaranteed by the feasibility of a set of LMIs. Finally, the validity and feasibility of the developed design scheme are shown by two illustrative examples.

Adaptive Bandwidth Allocation for Massive MIMO Systems Based on Multiple Services

Aiming at the characteristics of resource periodicity in massive MIMO systems and bandwidth allocation without comprehensive consideration of user service QoS and channel state information, resulting in poor user satisfaction and low bandwidth utilization, this paper proposes an adaptive bandwidth allocation method based on user services. This method comprehensively considers factors, such as user service QoS, channel state information, and resource periodicity, to adaptively allocate bandwidth for users using different services. Firstly, based on the service priority, the user priority is dynamically adjusted according to the current channel state information and the continuous periodicity of the allocation, and the user is scheduled.; Secondly, the dynamic priority is combined with the minimum guaranteed time slot to establish the objective function of adaptive bandwidth allocation. Finally, chaos theory, Levy flight, and reverse learning are integrated to improve the bald eagle optimization algorithm. The improved bald eagle algorithm is used to solve the problem, and the optimal solution to bandwidth allocation is obtained. The simulation shows that compared with the traditional bandwidth allocation method based on user service quality perception, the bandwidth allocation algorithm based on the minimum rate requirement, and the ant colony-based allocation algorithm, the bandwidth allocation method proposed in this paper improves the system utility value, bandwidth utilization rate, throughput, and user satisfaction by 23.70%, 4.22%, 6.55%, and 4.28%, respectively, and better meets the business needs of users.

ANALISIS DAYA TAMPUNG AIR PADA SALURAN DRAINASE DI LINGKUNGAN ART CENTRE KOTA DENPASAR

Flood is a natural event that can have a negative impact, for example, causing health problems and the safety of living things. The drainage channel studied in this study is the Tukad Kelandis River which stretches from Jl. Katrangan to Jl. Nusa Indah which crosses the Denpasar City Art Center. In 2021 there was a flood at the Art Center, the impact was flooding under the Ksiranawa Building where the art exhibition was held. For this problem, it is necessary to conduct a study (research) on the profile of the flood front as a flood prevention measure. Before modeling the water level profile with HEC-RAS, when estimating the capacity of the drainage channel, a quantitative method must be calculated, namely by measuring the condition of the canal in the case study. From the results of flood simulations with return times of 2, 5, 10, 20 and 25 years. The results of the evaluation of the current channel discharge at all points of the channel experienced flooding with return periods of 2, 5, 10, 20 - 25 years because the results of the current channel discharge and water level exceeded. The profile is shown in the results at all channel points where the sum of the actual water level (E.G., level) and water level feet (W.S. level) is greater than the capacity of the water discharge in the channel. In addition, at the water level (Crit. W.S.) in the Sta. 2 is 5.05 m, which is less than (W.S. level) which is 6.69 m, so the flow is supercritical.

Lightning Current Measurement Form and Arrangement Scheme of Transmission Line Based on Point-Type Optical Current Transducer.

Lightning strikes are the main cause of transmission line faults, and the accurate lightning current number is an important basis to guide scientific lightning protection. The use of sensors with excellent sensing performance to carry out lightning current monitoring on transmission lines is beneficial to the accumulation of key parameters of original lightning strikes, so it is necessary to study the lightning current measurement structure of transmission lines. In this paper, an optical current-sensing unit is used to monitor the lightning current on transmission lines. A measuring structure that can monitor key parameters of the lightning current under different types of lightning strikes is proposed. First, establish the lightning current return channel model and the equivalent model of the tower, study the influence of the transmission tower on the current in the lightning channel, and analyze the direct measurement position of the lightning current on the tower; establish the multi-wave impedance model of the tower, and build a multi-base tower. The simulation model of the transmission system analyzes the transmission characteristics of the lightning current on the transmission line and the lightning protection line in the case of different types of faults; from the perspective of the measurement of key parameters of the lightning current, the lightning current measurement structure of the transmission system is constructed to analyze different lightning strikes. The measurement effect of each monitoring position in the case of a lightning strike and the waveform characteristics of the fault current in the case of insulator flashover are analyzed.

Experimental Aging and Lifetime Prediction in Grid Applications for Large-Format Commercial Li-Ion Batteries

Due to the growth of electric vehicle and stationary energy storage markets, the production and use of lithium-ion batteries has grown exponentially in recent years. For many of these applications, large-format lithium-ion batteries are being utilized, as large cells have less inactive material relative to their energy capacity and require fewer electrical connections to assemble into packs. The economics of these battery systems is highly dependent on cell lifetime, requiring accelerated aging tests to characterize cell degradation. However, testing of large-format lithium-ion batteries is time consuming and requires high current channels and large testing chambers, so not many reports on the lifetime of commercial, large-format lithium-ion batteries exist. Here, accelerated aging test data from four commercial large-format lithium-ion batteries is reported. These batteries span both NMC-Gr and LFP-Gr cell chemistries, are from a variety of manufacturers, have pouch and prismatic formats, and show a range of cell designs with varying power capabilities.Accelerated aging test results are analyzed to examine both cell performance, in terms of efficiency and thermal response under load, as well as cell lifetime. Cell thermal response is characterized by measuring temperature during cycle aging, which is used to calculate a normalized thermal resistance value that may help estimate both cell cooling needs or to help extrapolate aging test results to different thermal environments. Cell lifetime is evaluated qualitatively, considering the average calendar and cycle life across a range of conditions, as well as quantitatively, using statistical modeling and machine-learning methods to identify predictive aging models from the accelerated aging data. These predictive aging models are then used to investigate cell sensitivities to stressors, such as cycling temperature, voltage window, and C-rate, as well as to predict cell lifetime in various stationary storage applications.Results from this work show that cell lifetime and sensitivity to aging conditions varies substantially across the cell types, necessitating testing for each specific cell to make quantitative lifetime predictions. That being said, all commercial cells tested here are predicted to reach at least 10-year lifetimes for stationary storage applications. Based on the aging test results and modeling, some cells are expected to be relatively insensitive to temperature and use-case, making them suited for simple use cases with little or no thermal management and simple controls, while the lifetime of other cells could be extended to 20+ years if operated with thermal management and degradation-aware controls. Figure 1

Privacy-Friendly Task Offloading for Smart Grid in 6G Satellite–Terrestrial Edge Computing Networks

Through offloading computing tasks to visible satellites for execution, the satellite edge computing architecture effectively issues the high-delay problem in remote grids (e.g., mountain and desert) when tasks are offloaded to the urban terrestrial cloud (TC). However, existing works are usually limited to offloading tasks in pure satellite networks and make offloading decisions based on the predefined models. Additionally, runtime consumption for offloading decisions is rather high. Furthermore, privacy information may be maliciously sniffed since computing tasks are transmitted via vulnerable satellite networks. In this paper, we study the task-offloading problem in satellite–terrestrial edge computing networks, where tasks can be executed by satellite or urban TC. A privacy leakage scenario is described, and we consider preserving privacy by sending extra random dummy tasks to confuse adversaries. Then, the offloading cost with privacy protection consideration is modeled, and the offloading decision that minimizes the offloading cost is formulated as a mixed-integer programming (MIP) problem. To speed up solving the MIP problem, we propose a deep reinforcement learning-based task-offloading (DRTO) algorithm. In this case, offloading location and bandwidth allocation only depend on the current channel states. Simulation results show that the offloading overhead is reduced by 17.5% and 23.6% compared with pure TC computing and pure SatEC computing, while the runtime consumption of DRTO is reduced by at least 42.6%. The dummy tasks are exhibited to effectively mitigate privacy leakage during offloading.

Mapping of supply chain and assessment of pre and postharvest losses of Alphonso mango in India

One of the most popular commercial varieties of mango in India is the Alphonso variety. Due to its limited and specialised production zone, this cultivar attracts interest for its supply chain management research. Only a few studies on the management of the mango supply chain in India could be discovered in the literature. In order to better understand supply chain management and pre- and post-harvest losses for the Alphonso mango, a survey was conducted. To acquire the data, 123 observations from farmers, FPOs, retailers, exporters, and government officials were recorded. A socioeconomic study revealed that farmers who were young and educated (less than 50 years old and graduates) produced mangoes of higher quality and were more committed to exporting mangoes.The findings indicate that preharvest losses are primarily caused by variables including climate change, global warming, numerous illnesses and pests, spongy tissue, and fruit fly problem. During the harvest season, spongy tissue and abrupt, unseasonal rain have a negative impact on mango quality and supply. Mechanical damage, storage conditions, transportation, and mango handling all had a major impact on postharvest losses.According to the study, pre-harvest factors were responsible for 30 to 40% of mango loss, and post-harvest handling was found to be responsible for 15 to 20% of mango loss. The revenue of farmers is remains poor due to the current trading channels and lack of facilities for value addition.The results of this study provide insight on the current state of the supply chain and Alphonso mango losses. Researchers, governmental organisations, and policymakers can benefit from this study's findings by taking the appropriate actions to boost farmers' incomes, balance the market's supply and demand, and lower losses in other perishable fruits.

A diverse Late Pliocene fossil fauna and its paleoenvironment at Māngere, Auckland, New Zealand

ABSTRACT Excavations at Māngere Wastewater Treatment Plant, Auckland, in 2020 provided New Zealand’s richest and most diverse fossil faunas of mid-Pliocene age (Waipipian Stage, 3.7–3.0 million years old). The vast excavated heap of sandy shell was extensively searched and sieved resulting in the recovery of 266 fossil taxa, (particularly rich in Mollusca including 77 Bivalvia, 105 Gastropoda, 32 Foraminifera, 13 Ostracoda, 11 Bryozoa). The fauna includes several undescribed taxa and additional warm-water Pliocene records for New Zealand. The fauna is most similar in composition and age to the fauna obtained from the Otahuhu Brewery well in the late 1940s. The fauna contains a mixture of taxa from many different shallow marine habitats, from intertidal and subtidal rocky shores and intertidal and shallow subtidal soft sediment flats to exposed and semi-exposed subtidal sandy habitats down to depths of 30–40 m. The shelly deposit is inferred to have accumulated in a current swept subtidal channel during one of the mid-Pliocene warm periods when sea level was high and had flooded an incised river valley that flowed from east to west across the Auckland region.

Practical use of smartphone cameras in rip current monitoring studies

The present study focuses on detection and analysis of rip currents through a low-cost smartphone-based beach monitoring system (SBMS) by taking the advantage of multiple in-built cameras and on-board memory. The famous tourist destination, Rama Krishna (RK) beach, in East coast of India has been chosen for the study, as it is experiencing high number of drownings (525 causalities since 2006). Videos of 20-min duration were collected covering different time frames of 2022 and an open-source Quantitative Coastal Imaging Toolbox (QCIT) toolbox has been used to process the videos. Rectified Timex images are generated and utilised to analyse the morphodynamic changes of the beach. Several rip currents have been observed along the coast, with strongest being maximum length of 242 m with a width of 55 m. Beach modal states have been computed to determine the rip current hazard associated with it. Sequential transect data indicated the existence of waves at infra-gravity motions within the rip current channels. During the study period, the beach is dominated by Transverse Bar and Rip (TBR) beach type, which is known for its rip current danger. Rhodamine dye experiments have been conducted to practically measure the strength of the rip currents using video data and field data synergistically. The study is first of its kind in exploring the potential application of low-cost smartphones to scientifically monitor rip currents at any beach. Our study would help in further extending this work for beach sites and can be applied to projects where limited funds are available. We suggest to apply this methodology as a preliminary study before setting up permanent video monitoring station.

Hydrogen Fluoride Gas Sensor by Silicon Nanosheet Field-Effect Transistor

Chemical sensors are an essential part of modern society to ensure safety, from preventing pollution to saving lives. Especially, the demand for real-time monitoring of hydrogen fluoride (HF) increases continuously due to its high toxicity, contrary to its wide use in industries. In addition, compact size and low cost are favorable to utilize the sensor in wide spreading applications in industries. Herein, we present a compact HF gas sensor with high sensitivity and selectivity. The HF sensors, fabricated in the form of field-effect transistors (FETs) using a cost-effective and mass-production friendly conventional semiconductor process, are shown to possess good electrical characteristics enabled by a silicon nanosheet (SiNS) current channel. High sensitivity on gas phase HF is achieved by the unique catalytic sensing membrane -- platinum/polycrystalline lanthanum fluoride (Pt/poly-LaF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ). The high responsivity ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</sub> ) of 3,071% at 25 ppm and the low limit of detection (LOD) of 219 ppb were achieved at room temperature (RT), along with a quick response time of 5.56 minutes which are crucial for the workplace environmental safety. The developed HF sensor can be a potential candidate for the industrial mobile sensor platform.

Research on Energy Efficiency Optimization Technology in Cellular Network

This paper analyzes the energy consumption of base stations involved in cellular networks, including main equipment, power supply equipment, environmental equipment and other auxiliary equipment, etc. On this basis, this paper discusses energy efficiency optimization techniques at several levels, such as base station deployment, components, and repair cotton. Under the current limited channel resources, it is inevitable to consider the balance between data services and voice services, and then to analyze the relevant indicators of network performance as a basis for the specific time.

Policy Suggestions through Social Perception Analysis of Defense YouTube Channels

YouTube is a platform that delivers video content on diverse topics and enables communication, making it the most utilized service for conveying knowledge and exchanging information. The Korean Army is also proactively operating official Defense YouTube channels related to the military and producing videos to promote a positive perception and instill faith in the military among the general public and soldiers. However, there is a lack of research on the current status of the content and societal perceptions of defense-related channels. To understand societal awareness, we qualitatively analyzed video content and comments. In addition, we used big data analysis methods such as keyword derivation, term frequency analysis, word cloud visualization, word association analysis, and sentiment analysis of comments based on a Korean sentiment dictionary. These analyses identify current defense channel strategies and society's awareness of these strategies and provide a foundation for improving and perfecting future video creation and operation processes.

EFFECTS OF SCALING OF JUNCTIONLESS TRANSISTOR PARAMETERS WITH SILICON DIOXIDE (SIO2) AND SILICON NITRATE (SI3N4) GATE OXIDES ON THE ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DEVICES

This research investigated the effects of scaling of parameters of junctionless transistors (JLT) with SiO2 gate oxide and Si3N4 gate oxide on the electrical characteristics of the two devices. It also compared the electrical performance of the two devices as a way of replacing the conventional SiO2 gate oxide with high-k dielectric such as Si3N4 gate oxide. Different JLT were designed and simulated using a technology computer aided device software, sentaurus and extracted the electrical characteristics such as Threshold voltage, subthreshold slope, drain induced barrier lowering, on-state current etc. It was observed that leakage current, DIBL, SS as well as on-state current were significantly improved using Si3N4 as gate oxide in JLT. As a result, on-state to off-state current ratio was greatly increased, hence the speed of the device. The performance was significantly increased to approximately 109 using Si3N4 material for gate length of 10nm and nanowire diameter of 10nm. All these were achieved because of the high dielectric constant, k of the Si3N4 which is higher than that of SiO2. Similarly, Si3N4 has also has high energy band gap which considerably help in reducing the leakage current and other short channel effects (SCEs).

Dynamic Formation of a Transient Jet from Arched Magnetized Laboratory Plasma

A laboratory plasma experiment was built to explore the eruptive behavior of arched magnetized plasmas with dimensionless parameters relevant to the Sun’s photosphere (β ≈ 10−3, Lundquist number ≈104, plasma radius/ion gyroradius ≈20, ion–neutral collision frequency ≫ion cyclotron frequency). Dynamic formation of a transient plasma jet was observed in the presence of the strapping magnetic field. The eruption leading to the jet is unintuitive because the arched plasma is both kink- and torus-stable. The jet structure erupts within a few Alfvén transit times from the formation of the arched plasma. Extensive measurements of plasma temperature, density, magnetic field, and flows are presented. In its early stages, the jet plasma flows away from the arch with supersonic speeds (Mach 1.5). This high-speed flow persists up to the resistive diffusion time in the arched plasma and is driven by large gradients in the magnetic and thermal pressures near the birthplace of jets. There are two distinct electric current channels within the jet, one consisting of outgoing electrons and another composed of electrons returning to the anode footpoint. Significant current density around the jet is a consequence of the diamagnetic current produced by a large thermal pressure gradient in the jet. Ion–neutral charge-exchange collisions provide an efficient mechanism to produce the cross-field current and control the dynamics of the complex current channels of the jet.

Modelling of subsurface geological structure related to anomalous magnetotelluric phase data exceeding 90° in Central India

SUMMARY We note anomalous phase (&amp;gt;90°) in magnetotelluric (MT) measurements at several stations along the Narmada river course normal to the Tan Shear Zone (TSZ) in central India. We made efforts to derive a possible cause of the anomalous phase by comparing the results of numerical modelling based on the tectonics of the TSZ with the measured impedance tensor data. A zone of multiple reactivations of the TSZ leads to the formation of a damage zone and conjugate Riedel shear faults parallel and normal to the TSZ, respectively. The conjugate Riedel shear faults act as a pathway for the Narmada River course. The multiple tectonic activities associated with the TSZ induce surficial heterogeneity that results in distortion in the MT data. The Mohr circle and phase tensor analysis establish the effect of distortion in the data. To understand the cause of distortion as well as anomalous phase in the present data, we carried out synthetic 3-D modelling. We modelled the damage zone and conjugate Riedel shear faults by a cross shape. From the results, we noted that the near-surface 3-D heterogeneity across the TSZ critically distorted the YX component of the MT impedance tensor due to the strong current channelling. When the current flows across the conjugate Riedel shear zone (Narmada river course) charges are accumulated along the boundaries of near-surface heterogeneity. The charges associated with the current channelling brought out the reversion of the electric field direction that is reflected in the form of an anomalous phase in the YX component of the impedance tensor in measured data.

How to approach a study in ethnopharmacology? Providing an example of the different research stages for newcomers to the field today.

Ethnopharmacology seeks to investigate humankind's use of natural materials, such as plants, fungi, microorganisms, animals, and minerals, for medicinal purposes. In this highly interdisciplinary field, which can be described as a bridge between the natural/medical and socio-cultural sciences, pharmacological, anthropological, and socio-cultural research methods are often applied, along with methods from other branches of science. When entering the field of ethnopharmacology as a newcomer, student, or early career researcher today, the tremendous amount of scientific publications, and even classical books from this field and related scientific disciplines, can be overwhelming. Ethnopharmacology has evolved over the past decades, and new key topics, such as the decolonization of the field, issues on intellectual property and benefit-sharing, species conservation, the preservation of traditional knowledge, the protection of indigenous communities, science outreach, and climate change, have become important and urgent aspects of the field that must not be disregarded by today's ethnopharmacologists. One of the questions of newcomers will be, "Where to begin?" This review article offers a brief (and certainly not comprehensive) introduction to the science of ethnopharmacology, highlighting some of its past most notable achievements and future prospects. In addition, this article provides an example for newcomers to the field of how to address different stages that may be involved in conducting ethnopharmacological field and lab studies, including early-stage drug discovery and community work. The example presented summarizes a series of studies conducted in the remote Greater Mpigi region of Uganda, located in East Africa. Stages of ethnopharmacological research described include ethnobotanical surveying and fieldwork, the pharmacological assessment of activity with diverse targets in the laboratory, and the transfer of results back to indigenous communities, that is, non-financial benefit sharing as a potential best practice example. As a result of this research example, a total of six original research articles have been published on the medicinal application and ethnopharmacology of 16 plant species from the Ugandan study site, offering a large quantity of results. These six publications reflect the multifaceted nature of the interdisciplinary science of ethnopharmacology, which may serve as a reference point and inspiration for newcomers to design and conduct their own independent ethnopharmacological research endeavors at other study sites. Major bottlenecks and solutions are provided, and the current social media channels with educational ethnopharmacological content are briefly introduced.