Current Behavior Research Articles

Exploring Factors Influencing on Urban Residents’ Environmental Responsible Behaviour in Urban Green Space of Henan Province, China

One of the main research directions in current environmental responsibility behavior is to explore its influencing factors. Therefore, this study constructs a two-dimensional model of "cognition + affective → behavior" to analyze the influencing mechanism of "cognition" and "affection" factors on urban residents' environmental responsibility behavior (URERB). Among them, environmental knowledge (EK) as an explanation of environmental cognitive factors, and place attachment (PA) and anticipated emotions (AE) as an explanation of environmental affective factors, are considered as independent variables; URERB is the dependent variable. Based on this model, three research hypotheses are proposed. The research results show that: 1) "cognition + affective" factors can effectively assess the influencing factors of URERB; 2) environmental knowledge has a positive impact on URERB; 3) place attachment has a direct and significant positive effect on URERB; 4) anticipated emotions do not show a direct and significant impact on URERB. Therefore, by implementing the "cognition + affective" strategy, urban green spaces can effectively promote URERB and stimulate urban residents' proactive participation in environmental protection.

Life after Lockdown: An Exploratory Qualitative Study of Behaviors and Impacts of Avoiding COVID-19 in Individuals at High Risk of Severe COVID-19 and Their Caregivers.

This exploratory qualitative study involved semi-structured interviews with adults and caregivers of adults at high risk of severe COVID-19, addressing current COVID-19 avoidance and protective behaviors and how these behaviors impacted their lives. Results were interpreted in a separate think tank session. Insights were developed into a conceptual model of COVID-19 avoidance and protective behaviors and the associated impacts on health-related quality of life and overall functioning. Data were interpreted using a hybrid inductive and deductive thematic analysis. Twelve high-risk individuals and two caregivers were interviewed across four focus groups (April-July 2022). Major behavioral themes included physical distancing, physical and medical protection, quality of support services and networks, and information to make decisions. Major impacts included family, social, and emotional functioning; work and finances; and healthcare access. The final conceptual model comprised 13 behaviors to avoid COVID-19 categorized within four themes, and 13 impacts within five themes. Individuals at high risk of severe COVID-19 and their caregivers continue practicing COVID-19 avoidance behaviors post-lockdown and feel left behind by the general population. Our conceptual model may be used to inform health authorities and other governing bodies' decisions in executing strategies aimed at improving these individuals' lives.

Primary and secondary trauma in adoptive parents.

Secondary trauma is recognised as one of the negative effects for professionals working with people that have experienced trauma. Research has demonstrated secondary trauma in foster carers but little research has explored trauma symptoms within adoptive parents, facing the emotional impact of parenting a child with adverse early experiences. This study aimed to document the rates of primary and secondary trauma symptoms in adoptive parents. It further explores the association between the extent of current behavioural and emotional challenges and the extent of the child's pre-adoption adverse experiences in predicting parental trauma responses. 190 adoptive parents completed an online survey including self-report measures of primary and secondary trauma. Almost one fifth of adoptive parents exhibited primary trauma scores of clinical concern; with 10% reaching the threshold for a probable diagnosis of PTSD. Participants also reported significantly higher levels of secondary trauma and burnout, and significantly lower levels of compassion satisfaction than population norms. The current behavioural and emotional challenges, including child-to-parent violence, predicted higher trauma scores more so than the extent of their child's past adverse experiences. The findings have clinical implications for identifying trauma symptoms within adoptive parents and wider implications for how we understand secondary and primary trauma. They further highlight the importance of firstly addressing current child behaviour, including child-to-parent violence when treating trauma symptoms. Limitations of this study and recommendations for further research are discussed.

Design strategies and systematic analysis of GaN vertical MPS diodes with T-shaped shielding rings

Abstract We report gallium nitride (GaN) vertical merged pn-Schottky (MPS) diodes with T-shaped p-GaN shielding rings (SRs). The embedded T-shaped SR features an overlapped depletion region by the lateral and vertical p n junctions under reverse bias condition, which can effectively enhance the charge coupling effect and homogenize the 2-D electric field distribution. In the meantime, the incorporation of the T-shaped SRs can minimize unnecessary depletion of the vertical conduction channel and guarantee a decent current spreading through the drift region. The impact of the key design parameters on the reverse breakdown and forward conduction performance are investigated systematically. We found that the doping concentration and the geomatical shape of the T-shaped p-GaN SRs are closed related to the electric field distribution and forward current conduction behavior, which determines the reverse breakdown and forward conduction performance. With optimum design parameters of the T-shaped SRs, the breakdown voltage of the MPS diodes features a dramatic improvement to 2749 V from 1123 V in conventional MPS diodes. The results can provide a design strategy for high performance vertical GaN power diodes towards high-power and high-frequency applications.

DIY Digital Interventions: Behaviour Change with Trigger-Action Programming

Whether it is sleep, diet, or procrastination, changing behaviours can be challenging. Individuals could design and build their own personalised digital interventions to help them reach their goals, but little is known about this process. Building upon previous research we propose the Behaviour Change with Trigger-Action Programming (BC-TAP) model which describes how individuals could bridge the gap between their current and desired behaviour through the creation of 'Do-It-Yourself' (DIY) digital interventions. We conducted a two-day participatory workshop based on the BC-TAP model with 28 participants. Participants articulated plans to change a behaviour of their choice and represented these plans in mobile device automations. After using their interventions for up to three weeks, participants reflected on their experience. Our findings report opportunities and challenges at each stage of the process. While formulating a digital proxy for certain behaviours was challenging, both failures and successes facilitated participants' awareness of their behaviour, and their ability to change it.

Projecting the Dynamic Trends of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Modeling the Epidemic in Sichuan Province, China

ObjectiveOur study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status and dynamic trends of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence in Sichuan, the second most heavily affected province in China, and to explore future interventions. MethodsThe epidemiological, behavioral, and population census data from multiple sources were analyzed to extract inputs for an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic model (AEM). Baseline curves, derived from historical trends in HIV prevalence, were used, and the AEM was employed to examine future intervention scenarios. ResultsIn 2015, the modeled data suggested an adult HIV prevalence of 0.191% in Sichuan, with an estimated 128,766 people living with HIV/AIDS and 16,983 individuals with newly diagnosed infections. Considering current high-risk behaviors, the model predicts an increase in the adult prevalence to 0.306% by 2025, projecting an estimated 212,168 people living with HIV/AIDS and 16,555 individuals with newly diagnosed infections. ConclusionHeterosexual transmission will likely emerge as the primary mode of AIDS transmission in Sichuan. Furthermore, we anticipate a stabilization in the incidence of AIDS with a concurrent increase in prevalence. Implementing comprehensive intervention measures aimed at high-risk groups could effectively alleviate the spread of AIDS in Sichuan.

Fertility preservation in Malaysian pediatric cohort: a survey of healthcare providers' knowledge, practice, attitude, perceptions and barriers.

Impaired future fertility potential secondary to gonadotoxic therapies for childhood cancer is a shattering aftermath faced by childhood cancer survivors. Fertility preservation (FP) has emerged as a key to mitigate this unwelcomed sequelae. FP services catering to the needs of children and adolescents (C&A) population in developing countries are limited. Malaysia recently launched its pioneering pediatrics FP services. To evaluate healthcare providers' (HCPs) FP knowledge, practice behaviors, attitudes, perceptions, and barriers towards FP counseling/services (C/S) for the C&A cohort. A questionnaire-based study was conducted utilizing a questionnaire consisting of 51 items which was adapted from G.Quinn et al. The questionnaire was distributed both online and physically amongst HCPs in a tertiary center. Ethical committee approval was granted by the Research Ethical Committee, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. A total of 102 HCPs completed the questionnaires. The majority of respondents were Malays (74.5%), females (80.4%), gynecology/pediatrics specialty (76.5%), and had children (88.2%). Nearly 72% of HCPs demonstrated good knowledge of FP. Almost 73% of HCPs consulted reproductive specialists (RES) on potential fertility issues and over 80% of HCPs referred patients who enquired on fertility issues to RES. Only 17% of HCPs practiced FP discussion, 12% reported no available person to discuss FP, and 10% of HCPs were unaware of who to discuss FP with. Patients' inability to afford FP (30.4%) tops the list of barriers to FP C/S, followed by limited available information on FP for patients (17.6%) and patients too ill to delay treatment (12.7%). Most HCPs (88.2%) demonstrated unfavorable attitudes towards FP C/S. In general, the majority of our HCP respondents demonstrated good current FP knowledge and practice behaviors. Mitigating several controversial issues in FP would improve HCPs' attitude towards FP. Main barriers to the uptake of FP C/S for C&A were patient and resource barriers. Addressing these issues by funding aid for FP procedures, increasing FP knowledge dispersion, as well as developing age-appropriate FP-related educational materials would improve FP service provision for C&A in the future. In conclusion, successful corrective action combined with strategic planning points to a promising future for Malaysia's FP services provision for C&A.

Eating disorder risk among Australian youth starting a diet in the community

Dieting is a potent risk factor for eating disorder (ED) symptoms and development, which typically occur in late adolescence. However, as diets are often motivated by body image concerns (another core ED risk factor), dieters may already carry heightened ED risk. Thus, the current study aimed to document ED risk among young people starting a diet in the community. Young people (16–25 years) starting or intending to start a self-initiated diet (N = 727) provided data via a screener questionnaire, assessing containing sociodemographic factors, past and current ED symptoms and behaviours. Over a third (36.9%) screened using a validated instrument were found to be at-risk of a current ED, with 10% above the clinical cut-off. Consistent with this finding, over 10% of the sample self-reported experiencing a lifetime ED, while nearly a quarter reported symptoms consistent with an ED diagnosis with no reported formal diagnosis. Findings suggest a high level of ED risk among young people starting a diet in the community and point to the need for more proactive measures targeted at this cohort (e.g., screening, monitoring). Further education on the risks of dieting and encouragement for help-seeking in young people is indicated.

Factors that influence vaccination communication during pregnancy: provider and patient perspectives using the theoretical domains framework.

Vaccination during pregnancy is recommended but uptake is low and evidence on the topic is limited. This study aimed to identify the drivers of current behavior and barriers to change for health care practitioners (HCPs) and pregnant patients in Canada. This study is an in-depth qualitative investigation of the factors influencing HCPs' vaccination communication during pregnancy, as well as factors influencing pregnant patients' vaccination uptake in Canada using the Theoretical Domains Framework. Three data sources were used: (1) perinatal HCP interviews before COVID-19; (2) perinatal HCP interviews regarding vaccine communication after COVID-19; and (3) survey of pregnant or lactating women after COVID-19. Forty-seven interviews and 169 participant responses were included. Perinatal HCPs reported limited information on vaccine communication or difficulty keeping up-to-date (Environmental context and resources; Knowledge; Beliefs about capabilities). HCPs lacked confidence and struggled with lack of training to address vaccine hesitancy without alienating patients (Beliefs about capabilities; Skills). Pregnant or lactating women struggled with the amount of information they felt was imposed on them, had concerns about the perceived negative consequences of vaccination, and felt pressure to understand what was best for them and their babies (Knowledge; Beliefs about consequences; Social influences). Our study provides a theory-based approach to identify influencing factors that can be mapped to theory-based intervention components, improving the likelihood of intervention effectiveness. The study is the first step in adapting an existing intervention to improve vaccine communication during pregnancy, ultimately, increasing vaccination uptake. http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A260.

Development of a method for refining recommendations using temporal knowledge in individual insurance tasks

The subject of the research is the process of constructing recommendations in individual insurance tasks. The aim is to develop an approach for building recommendations in personalized insurance projects using temporal knowledge to adapt proposed insurance plans according to client behavior on insurance company websites. Objectives: to structure temporal rules considering the peculiarities of the online insurance recommendation process; to develop a method for constructing recommendations for insurance product selection using temporal knowledge. Conclusions: temporal rules have been structured for the task of building recommendations in personalized insurance projects. These rules generalize behavior in relative time for multiple users, enabling the generalization of user action sequences. A method for constructing online recommendations using temporal knowledge has been developed. The method consists of two phases: temporal knowledge formation and recommendation construction. The first phase is performed offline and is designed to form a base of temporal rules that generalize knowledge about user behavior. The second phase is executed online and involves refining and further utilizing temporal rules to adapt recommendations according to current user behavior. The method enables prompt adaptation of recommendations considering the user's current actions, creating conditions for increasing user trust in the recommender system's proposals.

Transformation of MoSe2 to MoSe2-xOyvia controlled oxidation for high-performance resistive switching

The current study shows an improvised resistive switching in oxygenated MoSe2 (MoSe2-xOy) thin film. 2D nanosheets assembled nanoflower morphology of MoSe2 was synthesized with hydrothermal route and then treated with thermal oxidation process at 300⁰C in presence of 0, 0.5, 5 and 20 % of oxygen. The coexistence of MoSe2 and MoOx in each samples was investigated with various spectroscopic techniques. The conversion to MoOx was maximum in 20 % O2 treated sample while other samples were converted partially. Au/MoSe2-xOy/Au structured devices were fabricated on SiO2/p-Si substrate and tested for resistive switching study. Among all four devices, 5 % O2 treated MoSe2-xOy exhibited excellent filamentary type bipolar resistive switching with very low SET and RESET voltages of + 0.84 V and −0.79 V, respectively. The device showed ION/IOFF ratio ∼50 (at read voltage: 0.5 V) with excellent retention (106 s) and endurance (100 cycles) characteristics with minimum cycle-to-cycle variation. The resistive switching mechanism was explained with valance change conducting filament formation/rupture model and the trap-controlled space charge limited current behavior. Rich transport properties of 2D-chalcogenide (MoSe2) and classic oxygen vacancy migrated switching of metal oxide (i.e. MoOx), were simultaneously important for achieving high performance memristive behavior in 5 % O2 treated MoSe2.

Investigation on Junction Contacts of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Networks Using Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy.

Semiconductor single-walled carbon nanotube (s-SWNT) networks have gained prominence in electronic devices due to their cost-effectiveness, relatively production-naturality, and satisfactory performance. Configuration, density, and resistance of SWNT-SWNT junctions are considered crucial factors influencing the overall conductivity of s-SWNT networks. In this study, we present a method for inferring the lower bounds of the SWNT-SWNT junction resistance in s-SWNT networks based on conductive atomic force microscopy TUNA images. This method further enables the proposal of a classification for SWNT-SWNT junctions based on the current behavior relative to their surroundings. The three types of SWNT-SWNT junctions are denoted as (i) true contact (T), (ii) poor contact (P), and (iii) false contact (F). Of them, the true and poor contacts, respectively, represent good and poor electrical contact for the subject SWNT-SWNT junctions whose electrical conductivity hardly improves under external tip pressure, while that of the false contact can be further improved by external pressure. Statistical analysis demonstrates that while T-type junctions make a significant contribution to network conductivity, their proportion accounts for only approximately 40%. The P-type and F-type junctions, which constitute over 60% of the total, may be a contributing factor that constrains the overall conductivity of the s-SWNT networks. The height ratio of the junction to the sum of two SWNTs was also observed to exhibit variations among the three types. Finally, we propose a three-dimensional model to elucidate the formation mechanism underlying each type of junction. The present study provides insights into the performance of spontaneous contacts between s-SWNTs in the networks, and the systematic image acquisition and junction classification processes may provide support for future advancements in these networks.

“I could 100% see myself getting hurt if I did it wrong”: a qualitative exploration of exercise perceptions in people with chronic low back pain

Purpose Traditionally, a specific “core” exercise focus has been favoured for chronic low back pain (CLBP) which contrasts holistic exercise approaches. This study aims to explore the perceptions of exercise in people with CLBP and whether exercise itself can convey implicit messages regarding its use in CLBP management in the absence of a clinical narrative. Materials and methods Participants were asked about their CLBP history, views of exercise for CLBP, and current exercise behaviours through online semi-structured interviews. Then, participants watched the interviewer perform the deadlift, Jefferson curl, and bird dog and were asked if they thought each individual exercise was beneficial for CLBP, and why. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis through a critical realism and social constructivism lens. Results All participants (n = 16) viewed all exercises as beneficial for health and pain relief, but perceived efficacy varied. “Core” exercises were deemed crucial for CLBP relief, while spinal flexion and external load were often perceived as potentially injurious. Distrust towards healthcare practitioners also influenced exercise perceptions. Conclusion People with CLBP perceive different exercises to either relieve pain or improve health. Healthcare practitioners can influence these perceptions, highlighting the need for consideration of exercise perceptions in clinical contexts.

Practicing Netiquette in Online Communication Between Students and Professors in Higher Education: A Systematic Review

The main objective of this research is to perform an in-depth analysis of current online behaviors and desired netiquette rules among students and teachers in higher education institutions. The pervasive integration of technology into education, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, has necessitated a shift from traditional face-to-face learning to online platforms. This transition highlights the importance of netiquette— a set of guidelines for etiquette on the internet. The systematic literature review design was performed to critically and analytically explore the findings of the previously published studies on the topic. A total of 8 peer-reviewed articles passed the inclusion criteria and were reviewed to extract data for the analysis. A PRISMA model was used to conduct the systematic literature review process. The review conducted in this study examines the extent to which these norms are understood and adhered to within higher education, particularly focusing on communication between students and professors. The research encapsulates the evolution of online communication practices and identifies the challenges and opportunities arising from the reliance on digital platforms in academic settings. By synthesizing existing literature, the study reveals gaps in knowledge and practice regarding netiquette, underscoring the necessity for more targeted research to develop effective strategies for fostering positive and productive online interactions. Ultimately, this research aims to contribute to the enhancement of communication practices in digital learning environments, thereby improving the overall quality of education delivered online.

Implementing changing behaviour towards aerobic and strength exercise: Results of a randomised, phase I study determining the safety, feasibility, and consumer-evaluation of an online exercise program in persons with multiple sclerosis

BackgroundMany people with MS do not meet the recommended exercise regime to elicit health benefits. This study aimed to determine the feasibility, safety, acceptability, and appropriateness of an exercise intervention delivered online to persons with MS that meets current exercise recommendations and behaviour change principles. MethodsSeventy-two participants (age: 43.3 ± 13.3 years) with mild to moderate MS were stratified according to previous exercise behaviour and block-randomised into one of three groups: Control (CON; n = 24), General Exercise (GE; n = 24) who at screening did not meet current exercise recommendations, and Advanced Exercise, (AE; n = 24) who at screening met the current exercise recommendations. GE and AE groups received a four-month online-supervised, behaviour change theory-based exercise program and were assessed at baseline, four-months, five-months, and eleven-months for physical activity participation. The feasibility of process, resources, management, and scientific outcomes was assessed. ResultsOf 198 potential participants, 143 met the eligibility criteria (72 %), and 72 were randomised. Fifty-three participants completed the intervention (74 % immediate retention), and 44 were retained at the six-month follow-up (61 %). Personnel time was 369 h, and total per-participant cost was Au$1036.20. Adherence rate to ≥70 % of exercise sessions was 73 % (GE) and 38 % (AE). The GE group observed a small magnitude of improvement in physical activity (d = −0.23). ConclusionsAn online exercise program embedded with behaviour interventions for either GE or AE appears feasible, acceptable, appropriate and safe and may show long-term efficacy in increased exercise behaviours for persons with mild to moderate MS.Trial registration: ANZCRT number ACTRN12619000228189p.

Drug Use Behaviors and the Risk of HIV Infection Among Drug Users in China Between 2014 and 2021: Cross-Sectional Study.

Drug users are a high-risk group for HIV infection and are prominent HIV carriers. Given the emergence of new drugs, we explored current drug-using behaviors, HIV infections, and the correlation between drug-using behaviors and HIV infection risk among drug users from 2014 to 2021. We aimed to identify the prevalence of HIV infection risk among drug users and explore drug use behaviors based on the updated data, which could provide evidence for the precision of HIV prevention strategies among drug users. Data were collected from sentinel surveillance of drug users in rehabilitation centers and communities in Hangzhou (2014-2021), including sociodemographic characteristics, HIV awareness, drug use, risky sexual behaviors, and HIV infection status. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the factors influencing HIV infection and risky sexual behaviors among drug users. In total, 5623 drug users (male: n=4734, 84.19%; age: mean 38.38, SD 9.94 years) were included. New drugs dominated among the participants (n=3674, 65.34%). The main mode of drug use was noninjection (n=4756, 84.58%). Overall, for 27.45% (n=1544) of injected drugs in the last month before the investigation, the average daily injection frequency was 3.10 (SD 8.24). Meanwhile, 3.43% of participants shared needles. The incidence of sexual behaviors after drug use was 33.13% (n=1863), with 35.75% (n=666) of them using a condom in the last time. Overall, 116 participants tested positive for HIV antibodies (infection rate=2.06%). New drug users exhibited more postuse sexual behaviors than traditional drug users (odds ratio [OR] 7.771, 95% CI 6.126-9.856; P<.001). HIV-aware drug users were more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors (OR 1.624, 95% CI 1.152-2.291; P=.006). New-type drug users were more likely to engage in unprotected sexual behavior (OR 1.457, 95% CI 1.055-2.011; P=.02). Paradoxically, drug users with greater HIV awareness were more prone to engaging in unprotected sexual behavior (OR 5.820, 95% CI 4.650-7.284; P<.001). Women engaged less in unprotected sex than men (OR 0.356, 95% CI 0.190-0.665; P=.001). HIV rates were higher among injecting drug users (OR 2.692, 95% CI 0.995-7.287; P=.04) and lower among drug users who used condoms during recent sex than those who did not (OR 0.202, 95% CI 0.076-0.537; P=.001). Higher education levels were associated with higher HIV infection rates. However, there was no significant correlation between HIV cognition level and HIV infection. New drug types and noninjection were the main patterns in last 7 years. Using new types of drugs, rather than traditional drugs, was associated with an increased risk of HIV infection. Injection drug use was a risk factor for HIV infection. HIV awareness among drug users was high, but the incidence of risky sexual behaviors remained high. Therefore, it is important to promote the behavioral transformation of high-risk populations from cognition to attitude, and then to taking protective measures.

Steady and transient modeling of dye-sensitive solar cells: The impact of electrode thickness and dye specifications

Investigating the impact of dye compounds on cell performance is crucial for advancing dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). This research focuses on the sensitivity analysis of the effect of critical parameters to enhance DSSC efficiency using a thermo-electric numerical model. These parameters include dye types, trapping parameters, diffusion coefficients, and photoanode thickness. When the type of dye changes, in fact, both physical and chemical properties (molar absorption coefficient, etc.) Change, but to avoid the complexity of solving the equations and only to evaluate the effect of the absorption wavelength range on the cell performance only changes in physical properties are considered. The model calculates steady and transient currents under actual weather conditions and sunlight. It incorporates time/space-dependent relationships for increased accuracy and examines electron, iodide, and triiodide ion interactions under varying environmental conditions. Key concepts include the quasi-Fermi level and the multiple trap model, assuming that trapping processes are faster than electron transport and recombination. The results showed that increasing the trapping parameter can affect the transient current behavior, also increasing the thickness of the photoanode and the wavelength range of the dye increases the efficiency of the cell, so that the N749-BD provides the best performance. The findings provide insights into current–voltage characteristics, electron production, and the effects of photoanode thickness and dye types on cell performance, offering pathways for optimizing DSSC technology.

FP8.1 - Environmental Sustainability and Surgery: what are the attitudes and barriers to implementing sustainable change in operating theatres? A Qualitative Study

Abstract Aims Sustainability in surgery is an increasingly important focus in the bid to halt climate change. This study aimed to better understand how environmentally sustainable change can be made in theatre environments by exploring attitudes of healthcare professionals and patients, and identifying barriers to implementing change. Methods A mixed-method qualitative study was undertaken involving a national survey of 157 healthcare professionals (HCP’s), and follow-up semi-structured interviews with ten HCP’s and five patients. Participants were targeted via the survey and public engagement mailing lists. Interviews were informed by a topic guide developed with responses from the survey. Data were analysed thematically and presented as major topic themes. Results 100% of participants agreed that operating theatres needed to make sustainable changes and reduce waste. Respondents understanding of the key issues centred around physical waste production and its effect on climate change. HCP’s identified issues around infection prevention and challenging current behaviour, whilst patients focused on maintaining current standards. Barriers to change included safety concerns, current clinical pressures, single-use culture and the perceived resistance to change within the NHS. HCP’s identified staff habits, lack of information and patient expectations as a barrier, whilst patients identified cost to be the main issue. Conclusions This study provides key insights into the current attitudes and perceived barriers of HCP’s and patients to implementing environmental change in surgery and aligned working environments. These provide useful data to aid future change strategies and implementation and ensure effective sustainable changes are made and delivered in theatre environments.

Concussion Incidence, Mechanism, and Perspectives Among Australian Elite Surfers: Implications for Medical Support and Safety Protocols.

The primary objective was to investigate the incidence of concussion and the associated mechanisms of injury in elite Australian surfers. The secondary objective was to investigate the current perspectives and behaviors related to experiencing concussion in surfing. A cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive survey. Surfing Australia high-performance program. Forty nationally identified elite Australian surfing athletes. A retrospective survey collected information pertaining to participant demographics, concussion history, potential concussive symptoms, such as headache, neck pain, dizziness, or unusual fatigue, following a wipeout, and participants' perspectives on concussion. Investigating concussion incidence among elite Australian surfers compared with potential undiagnosed concussive episodes. Surfers with a history of diagnosed surfing-related concussion (DC) were compared with those with no history of a diagnosed surfing-related concussion (NDC). A total of 13 of 40 surfers had a DC, with "contact versus the water surface" identified as the primary mechanism. Both DC and NDC groups had a high frequency of concussive symptoms after a surfing wipeout with a total of 447 and 573 concussive symptom occurrences reported in the DC and NDC groups, respectively. Concern regarding the long-term impacts of concussion were reported in 25 of 40 surfers. The number of concussive symptoms reported by surfers who had not previously been diagnosed with concussion suggests that concussion may be underreported and underdiagnosed in elite surfing. This underscores the need for increased medical support, education, and improved safety protocols.

From flood to turbidity current: combined models to simulate continent to ocean sediment transport in the Var system, France

Turbidity currents are a form of gravity-driven flow that occurs in subaqueous environments. These currents contain a low volumetric percentage of particles but are very important in transporting them from coastal to deep-marine environments. In the Var sediment routing system, southeastern France, there is a sedimentary record of turbidity currents formed by submarine landslides and flooding of the Var River. In 2006, there was continuous monitoring of the marine section that recorded four turbidity currents. To explore the connectivity between the terrestrial source and marine basin we linked two reduced complexity models of sediment transport and landscape change. The aim of the paper is to combine two models, one dedicated to the prediction of river water and sediment run-off, and the second dedicated to the transport, erosion, and sedimentation by a turbidity current. The landscape evolution model CAESAR-Lisflood was used to model discharge and sediment yield. The behaviour of turbidity currents was modelled with the cellular automata model CATS. From calibration of the two models against observations of discharge and suspended sediment in the Var River system, we find that in 2006, two rainfall events would have led to hyperpycnal turbidity currents. These two events match well with two of the four-recorded events. Focusing on the largest event we find that the source pulse of sediment from the terrestrial environment is short-lived, less than half a day, but contains a significant quantity of fine particles. The event transferred on the order of 105 m3 of suspended sediment from source to sink. This study demonstrates that hyperpycnal turbidity currents can be generated with concentrations as low as 2-6 kg/m3 at the Var River mouth far below the theoretical 40 kg/m3 threshold, suggesting active convective sedimentation in the surface plume and sea-water dilution at the flooding river mouth. A substantial amount of sediment (35% of the input volume) is directly transferred towards the deepest part of the system during a short-living hyperpycnal turbidity current. However, a considerable (65%) part remains in the surface as a hypopycnal plume feeding the hemipelagic sedimentation.