Curie Temperature Tc Research Articles

Substitution of Sn in the high-permeability MnZn ferrite for wide temperature applications

To meet the challenge of varied working temperatures of inductance components in new energy vehicle and 5G communication, the high-TC high-permeability MnZn ferrite with excellent temperature stability was developed by the addition of SnO2. In this series of samples, initial permeability μi maintains large values in a wide temperature range. With increasing the SnO2 content, the temperature of the second permeability peak Tsp decreases and meanwhile Curie temperature TC maintains as high as 160 °C. For the best sample with 6000 ppm SnO2, μi at 25 °C is 7244 and exhibits the excellent temperature stability with the low specific temperature coefficient of 0.35 × 10−6 °C−1 between 25 and 130 °C. The addition of SnO2 generates Fe2+ and adjusts the magneto-crystalline anisotropy constant K1 = 0 point, which is responsible for the wide-temperature high permeability. The effect of SnO2 addition on magnetization process has also been clarified.

Sm substitution effect on the critical behaviour of Laves phase Gd1−xSmxCo2 intermetallic nearby the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition

In this work, we present a comparative and detailed study of the critical behavior near ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition in the intermetallic Laves phase compounds Gd1−xSmxCo2, x = 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7. The investigated samples exhibit a second-order phase transition at Curie temperature TC. The critical exponents β, γ, and δ have been estimated through diverse techniques: the Modified Arrott plot, the Kouvel-Fisher plot, the critical isotherm technique, and the magnetocaloric effect method. The critical exponents values that were determined have been validated using the universal scaling hypothesis, wherein the isotherm magnetization curves M(H) converge into two distinct universal branches below and above TC. The substitution of Gd by Sm changes the universality class in the (Gd,Sm)Co2 compounds. For the sample Gd0.5Sm0.5Co2, the critical exponents obtained are closely consistent with the predictions of the 3D-Heisenberg model featuring a magnetic system with a short-range exchange interaction. While, for both samples Gd0.4Sm0.6Co2 and Gd0.3Sm0.7Co2, the values deviate from known theoretical models and might belong to an unconventional universality class with an intermediate-range exchange interaction.

Half-metal Mn2GeI2 monolayer with high Curie temperature and large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

Two-dimensional (2D) intrinsic ferromagnetic (FM) materials with high Curie temperatures (Tc), large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), and large spin polarization are desirable for atomically thin spintronic devices. Herein, we propose a 2D intrinsic FM material Mn2GeI2 monolayer with thermodynamical stability and outstanding FM properties using first-principles calculations. Our calculations show that Mn2GeI2 monolayer is a half-metal with a spin gap of 1.76 eV, which ensures 100% spin polarization ratio at the Fermi level. Importantly, Mn2GeI2 monolayer has a large PMA energy of 2.90 meV and a high Tc of 648 K, ideal for practical applications at room temperature. Further in-depth investigation of microscopic coupling in the Mn2GeI2 monolayer reveals that the robust ferromagnetism mainly resulted from the synthetic effect of Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida exchange interaction between the Mn ion layers and superexchange interaction within the Mn ion layers. Our results give insights into the structure and electronic and magnetic properties of Mn2GeI2 monolayer and provide a promising candidate for 2D spintronic devices.

Excellent intrinsic magnetic properties in the TbCu7-type Sm-Fe-N compound

We report excellent intrinsic magnetic properties of SmFe9Nδ epitaxial thin films with TbCu7-type crystal structure, i.e., room temperature saturation magnetization (μ0Ms) of 1.64 T, Curie temperature (Tc) of 771 K and magnetic anisotropy field (μ0HA) of ∼22 T for δ=1.1, the saturation magnetization of which is superior to that of Sm2Fe17N3 (μ0Ms= 1.57 T) and Nd2Fe14B compounds (μ0Ms= 1.61 T). X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the thin films have a highly textured single TbCu7-type phase with its c-axis perpendicular to the film. Heat treatment of the thin films under N atmosphere expands the lattice and increases the unit cell volume of the SmFe9Nδ structure, which also switches the magnetocrystalline anisotropy from easy plane (δ = 0) to easy axis (δ=1.1). Furthermore, the μ0Ms and Tc of SmFe9Nδ films also increased with increasing nitrogen content in the structure, leading to promising intrinsic magnetic properties. Based on this study, we can conclude that the rare-earth lean SmFe9Nδ based TbCu7-type compound has potential for the development of high performance anisotropic bonded magnets with superior performance to that of existing anisotropic Sm2Fe17N3 or Nd-Fe-B bonded magnets.

The GdMn1-xRuxSi compounds cassette for magnetocaloric nitrogen liquefaction

New intermetallic compounds GdMn1-xRuxSi, x = 0–1 with a tetragonal structure of the CeFeSi-type (P4/nmm) have been synthesized. For GdMn1-xRuxSi, Curie temperature TC drops sharply from 320 K (x = 0) to 78.3 K (x = 1), while the magnetocaloric effect varies from 1.84 J/kgK (x = 0) to 4.94 J/kgK (x = 1) with a change in the magnetic field of 0–17 kOe. Thus, the GdMn1-xRuxSi magnetic refrigeration compounds operate at temperatures from 320 K to 78.3 K, close to the nitrogen liquefaction temperature of 77.4 K. Therefore, the GdMn1-xRuxSi system, where x ranges from 0 to 1, could be of practical interest for nitrogen liquefaction, provided that these alloys are assembled into a cassette with a single large refrigerant capacity. The electronic structure and magnetic moments of the GdMn1-xRuxSi intermetallic compounds were calculated using the DFT + U theoretical method.

Compositional behavior of heat capacity and magnetic properties in double spinel ferrites

The purpose of the work is to identify the effects of the substitution of paramagnetic ions in ferromagnetic ferrites by diamagnetic components of zinc and aluminum. The following isomorphic spinel series are the object of review: Me(1-x)ZnxFe2O4 (Me – Ni, Co, Li, Cu, Mg) and Li0.5Fe2.5-xAlxO4 (x= 0-2.5). The single-phased samples were synthesized by ceramic procedure. Heat capacity near standard temperature Cp (298.15) was studied using calorimeter methods: drop calorimeter and DSC. Magnetic parameters – magnetic moments (M) and Curie temperatures (Tc) - were determined. All Me-Zn ferrite systems are characterized by dome-shaped correlations between heat capacity Cp(298) and composition (x), which have maximum values in the equimolecular region (x=0.4-0.6). This fact coincides with the nature of the compositional dependence of magnetic moments and indicates a significant effect of the excess magnetic contribution on the total heat capacity. A noticeable influence of the cooperative Jahn-Teller effect and the associated tetragonal distortion of the cubic lattice of Cu-Zn ferrites with a low Zn content (x<0.2) is observed, which causes overestimated values of the heat capacity of these compositions. Curie temperatures reveal the rectilinear decrease with increasing diamagnetic Zn and Al content in ferrite systems. The results are presented by graphs and tables.

Study on the magnetoelectric effect, ferroelectric and optical investigation of (1−x) BCT + x NZLFO multiferroic composite

AbstractThis study investigates the magnetoelectric coupling effect in dual‐phase multiferroic composites prepared using a solid‐state reaction method. The composites were fabricated with the formula (1−x)Ba₀.₇₇Ca₀.₂₃TiO₃(BCT) + xNi₀.₆Zn₀.₂₅La₀.₁₅Fe₂O₄(NZLFO), where x varied from 0% to 100% in 10% increments. Ca‐doped BaTiO₃ served as the ferroelectric phase, while La‐doped Ni–Zn ferrite acted as the ferromagnetic phase. The effects of varying ferrite content (x) on structural, optical, ferroelectric, electrical, and magnetoelectric properties were comprehensively analyzed. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) with Rietveld refinement revealed a spinel cubic structure for the ferrite phases and a tetragonal structure for the perovskite phases. The study observed a moderate influence of ferrite concentration on the lattice parameters of BCT and an opposing effect on the lattice parameters of NZLFO. Optical measurements indicated higher light absorption in the visible range compared to the UV region and wide optical bandgap. Magnetic properties, characterized by saturation magnetization, exhibited a dependence on temperature, with a Curie temperature (Tc) of 700 K. Electrical resistivity displayed a maximum at x = 50% and remained constant at high frequencies. The study also confirmed the presence of electric polarization induced by a magnetic field, with the highest magnetoelectric coefficient observed at x = 10%. These findings demonstrate the successful fabrication of dual‐phase multiferroic composites with tunable properties through controlled ferrite content. The observed magnetoelectric coupling suggests potential applications in multifunctional devices.

3D printing of CaBi4Ti3.925(Nb2/3Mn1/3)0.075O15 ceramics for high temperature ultrasound transducer

Bismuth layer-structured CaBi4Ti3.925(Nb2/3Mn1/3)0.075O15 (CBTNM) piezoelectric ceramics have been prepared using stereolithography (SL) technology. The effects of various solid contents (76–82 wt%) of CBTNM ceramics on the slurry viscosity, phase structure, microstructure, and electric performance were studied in detail. At a solid content of 82 wt%, the ceramic exhibits good piezoelectric properties. The piezoelectric constant d 33, thickness-mode electromechanical coupling coefficient k t, and Curie temperature Tc were 21 pC/N, 47%, and 790 °C, respectively. The piezoelectric constant of the ceramic has a good stability up to 500 °C. Furthermore, a high-temperature ultrasound transducer was designed and fabricated based on the CBTNM ceramic, and its pulse-echo performance was characterized from room temperature to 250 °C. The pulse-echo performance indicates that the −6 dB bandwidth and echo amplitude of the transducer decrease slightly, but still work normally up to 250 °C. These results indicate that the transducer fabricated based on CBTNM ceramics has potential in high-temperature testing applications.

Room-Temperature Antisymmetric Magnetoresistance in Van Der Waals Ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2 Nanosheets.

Van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnetic materials have emerged as a promising platform for the development of 2D spintronic devices. However, studies to date are restricted to vdW ferromagnetic materials with low Curie temperature (Tc) and small magnetic anisotropy. Here, a chemical vapor transport method is developed to synthesize a high-quality room-temperature ferromagnet, Fe3GaTe2 (c-Fe3GaTe2), which boasts a high Tc = 356 K and large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Due to the planar symmetry breaking, an unconventional room-temperature antisymmetric magnetoresistance (MR) is first observed in c-Fe3GaTe2 devices with step features, manifesting as three distinctive states of high, intermediate, and low resistance with the sweeping magnetic field. Moreover, the modulation of the antisymmetric MR is demonstrated by controlling the height of the surface steps. This work provides new routes to achieve magnetic random storage and logic devices by utilizing the room-temperature thickness-controlled antisymmetric MR and further design room-temperature 2D spintronic devices based on the vdW ferromagnet c-Fe3GaTe2.

Magnetocaloric effect and applied refrigeration performance of La(Fe,Si)13-based compounds

As a solid-state refrigeration technology, room-temperature magnetic refrigeration has several significant advantages comparing with conventional gas compression refrigeration, such as environmental friendliness, high energy efficiency and dependable operation. In the present study, the magnetocaloric effect and applied refrigeration performance of La0.8Ce0.2Fe11.6-xMn0.15+xSi1.25Al0.1H1.8 (x = 0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.09, 0.12) compounds were studied systematically. All alloys crystallize mainly in NaZn13-type phase with trace α-Fe phase between 1.36 and 1.80 wt%. The necessary heat treatment improves the formation of main phase. As x increases, the Curie temperature (Tc) decreases gradually from 295.3 K to 273.0 K. All alloys undergo strong field-induced first-order itinerant-electron metamagnetic transition. Under 0–1.5 T, the maximum magnetic entropy changes (-ΔSM)max for La0.8Ce0.2Fe11.6-xMn0.15+xSi1.25Al0.1H1.8 (x = 0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.09, 0.12) compounds vary from 10.9 J/(kg K) to 13.5 J/(kg K). And the maximum adiabatic temperature changes (ΔTad)max vary from 2.7 K to 3.9 K. To study the applied refrigeration performance, a rotary magnetic refrigerator is designed successfully, whose refrigeration temperature and cooling power meet the requirement of cold storage. Successful large-quantity preparation, giant magnetocaloric effect and excellent refrigeration performance suggest that, La0.8Ce0.2Fe11.6-xMn0.15+xSi1.25Al0.1H1.8 (x = 0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.09, 0.12) compounds can be used as the promising candidates for magnetic refrigerants.

The effects of V doping on the intrinsic properties of SmFe10Co2 alloys: A theoretical investigation

The present study focuses on the intrinsic properties of the SmFe10Co2-xVx (x = 0–2) alloys, which includes the SmFe10Co2 alloy, one of the most promising permanent magnets with the ThMn12 type of structure due to its large saturation magnetization (µ0Ms = 1.78 T), high Curie temperature (Tc = 859 K), and anisotropy field (µ0Ha = 12 T) experimentally obtained. Unfortunately, its low coercivity (<0.4 T) hinders its use in permanent magnet applications. The effect of V-doping on magnetization, magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy, and Curie temperature is investigated by electronic band structure calculations. The spin-polarized fully relativistic Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (SPR-KKR) band structure method, which employs the coherent potential approximation (CPA) to deal with substitutional disorder, has been used. The Hubbard-U correction to local spin density approximation (LSDA + U) was used to account for the large correlation effects due to the 4f electronic states of Sm. The computed magnetic moments and magnetocrystalline anisotropy energies were compared with existing experimental data to validate the theoretical approach’s reliability. The exchange-coupling parameters from the Heisenberg model were used for obtaining the mean-field estimated Curie temperature. The magnetic anisotropy energy was separated into contributions from transition metals and Sm, and its relationships with the local environment, interatomic distances, and valence electron delocalization were analyzed. The suitability of the hypothetical SmFe10CoV alloy for permanent magnet manufacture was assessed using the calculated anisotropy field, magnetic hardness, and intrinsic magnetic properties.

Dependence of the Structural and Magnetic Properties on the Growth Sequence in Heterostructures Designed by YbFeO3 and BaFe12O19.

The structure and the chemical composition of individual layers as well as of interfaces belonging to the two heterostructures M1 (BaFe12O19/YbFeO3/YSZ) and M2 (YbFeO3/BaFe12O19/YSZ) grown by pulsed laser deposition on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates are deeply characterized by using a combination of methods such as high-resolution X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic-resolution scanning TEM with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The temperature-dependent magnetic properties demonstrate two distinct heterostructures with different coercivity, anisotropy fields, and first anisotropy constants, which are related to the defect concentrations within the individual layers and to the degree of intermixing at the interface. The heterostructure with the stacking order BaFe12O19/YbFeO3, i.e., M1, exhibits a distinctive interface without any chemical intermixture, while an Fe-rich crystalline phase is observed in M2 both in atomic-resolution EDX maps and in mass density profiles. Additionally, M1 shows high c-axis orientation, which induces a higher anisotropy constant K1 as well as a larger coercivity due to a high number of phase boundaries. Despite the existence of a canted antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic combination (T < 140 K), both heterostructures M1 and M2 do not reveal any detectable exchange bias at T = 50 K. Additionally, compressive residual strain on the BaM layer is found to be suppressing the ferromagnetism, thus reducing the Curie temperature (Tc) in the case of M1. These findings suggest that M1 (BaFe12O19/YbFeO3/YSZ) is suitable for magnetic storage applications.

Evidence of Ferromagnetism and Ultrafast Dynamics of Demagnetization in an Epitaxial FeCl2 Monolayer.

The development of two-dimensional (2D) magnetism is driven not only by the interest of low-dimensional physics but also by potential applications in high-density miniaturized spintronic devices. However, 2D materials possessing a ferromagnetic order with a relatively high Curie temperature (Tc) are rare. In this paper, the evidence of ferromagnetism in monolayer FeCl2 on Au(111) surfaces, as well as the interlayer antiferromagnetic coupling of bilayer FeCl2, is characterized by using spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy. A Curie temperature (Tc) of ∼147 K is revealed for monolayer FeCl2, based on our static magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements. Furthermore, temperature-dependent magnetization dynamics is investigated by the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect. A transition from one- to two-step demagnetization occurs as the lattice temperature approaches Tc, which supports the Elliott-Yafet spin relaxation mechanism. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms governing ultrafast magnetization in 2D ferromagnetic materials.

Structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Li-substituted La0.8K0.2-xLixMnO3 perovskite manganites

In this study we report the effect of lithium substitution on the structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of La0.8K0.2-xLixMnO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.075) samples synthesized by the sol–gel technique at low temperature. The investigated compounds crystallize in a rhombohedral system with R3¯c space group. The thermal variation of the magnetization under an applied magnetic field of 0.05 T showed that all our compounds exhibited a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition with decreasing temperature. With increasing lithium content, the Curie temperature TC, decreases from 287.4 K for x = 0 to 172.6 K for x = 0.075. The maximum of the magnetic entropy change, -ΔSMMax, is found to be 3.19, 3.51, 2.39 and 2.24 J kg−1 K−1 in a magnetic field change of 5 T for x = 0, 0.025, 0.05 and 0.075 respectively. The La0.8K0.175Li0.025MnO3 sample displays a higher maximum relative cooling power value of 320.5 J kg−1, equal to 78 % of that of gadolinium. Technically, this large value associated to a TC of 270 K makes the present sample very promising for magnetic refrigeration technology below room temperature.

Micromagnetic simulations of the size dependence of the Curie temperature in ferromagnetic nanowires and nanolayers

We solve the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation in the finite-temperature regime, where thermal fluctuations are modeled by a random magnetic field whose variance is proportional to the temperature. By rescaling the temperature proportionally to the computational cell size Δx (T→TΔx/aeff, where aeff is the lattice constant) [M. B. Hahn, J. Phys. Comm., 3:075009, 2019], we obtain Curie temperatures TC that are in line with the experimental values for cobalt, iron and nickel. For finite-sized objects such as nanowires (1D) and nanolayers (2D), the Curie temperature varies with the smallest size d of the system. We show that the difference between the computed finite-size TC and the bulk TC follows a power-law of the type: (ξ0/d)λ, where ξ0 is the correlation length at zero temperature, and λ is a critical exponent. We obtain values of ξ0 in the nanometer range, also in accordance with other simulations and experiments. The computed critical exponent is close to λ=2 for all considered materials and geometries. This is the expected result for a mean-field approach, but slightly larger than the values observed experimentally.

Two-Dimensional Os2Se3 Nanosheet: A Ferroelectric Metal with Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism.

Two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectric metals (FEMs) possess intriguing characteristics, such as unconventional superconductivity and the nonlinear anomalous Hall effect. However, their occurrence is exceedingly rare due to mutual repulsion between ferroelectricity and metallicity. In addition, further incorporating other features like ferromagnetism into FEMs to enhance their functionalities poses a significantly greater challenge. Here, via first-principles calculations, we demonstrate a case of an FEM that features a coexistence of room-temperature ferromagnetism, ferroelectricity, and metallicity in a thermodynamically stable 2D Os2Se3. It presents a vertical electric polarization of 3.00 pC/m that exceeds those of most FEMs and a moderate polarization switching barrier of 0.22 eV per formula unit. Moreover, 2D Os2Se3 exhibits robust ferromagnetism (Curie temperature TC ≈ 527 K) and a sizable magnetic anisotropy energy (-30.87 meV per formula unit). Furthermore, highly magnetization-dependent electrical conductivity is revealed, indicative of strong magnetoelectric coupling. Berry curvature calculation suggests that the FEM might exhibit nontrivial band topology.

Enhanced ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of Sb/Nb co‐doped BiScO3-PbTiO3-based ceramics via relaxation regulation near morphotropic phase boundary

Here, novel ferroelectric ceramics of Sb/Nb co-doped 0.36BiScO3-0.64PbTiO3 (BS-PT-Sb2O5-xNb2O5) of complex perovskite structure are reported with compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) where the dominant monoclinic and tetragonal phases coexist. Excitingly, the incorporation of Sb/Nb dopants leads to a remarkable enhancement in both ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. Notably, the sample with x = 1.0 demonstrates the optimal properties, boasting a giant piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of 498 pC/N (10.7 % higher than pure BS-PT ceramics), a high Curie temperature (Tc) of 392 °C, a high depolarization temperature of 362 °C and a large remanent polarization of 52.7 μC/cm2 (55.9 % higher than pure BS-PT ceramics). The enhanced ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties are ascribed to a relaxation behavior originating from the formation of polar nanoregions (PNRs) and reduced concentration of oxygen vacancy. The result provides an opportunity to elucidate the relationship between relaxation behavior and electrical properties, offering prospects for substantially improving the performance of piezoelectric ceramics.

Magnetic properties of Yb23Cu7Mg4-type {Gd, Tb}23Ni7In4 compounds

The polycrystalline Yb23Cu7Mg4-type {Gd, Tb}23Ni7In4 compounds (space group P63/mmc, N 194, hP68) were prepared by arc melting with following annealing. They exhibit ferromagnetic ordering below Curie temperature TC = 142 K for Gd23Ni7In4 and TC = 112 K for Tb23Ni7In4, respectively. A field-sensitive antiferromagnetic transformation takes place around 90 K in Gd23Ni7In4 and 106 K in Tb26Ni7In4, respectively. Down to 10 K, they are soft ferromagnets with magnetizations of 4.7 μB/Gd for Gd23Ni7In4 and 5.7 μB/Tb for Tb23Ni7In4 in 90 kOe. In a field change of 50 kOe around TC, Gd23Ni7In4 shows magnetic entropy change of −4.7 J/kg⋅K at 133–143 K, while Tb23Ni7In4 shows magnetic entropy change of −5.4 J/kg⋅K at 109 K.

First-principles study on the p-orbital multiferroicity of single-layer XN (X = Ge, Sn, Pb)

Two-dimensional (2D) multiferroic materials have triggered a burst of interest owing to their wide applications in nanoelectronics. Specifically, p-orbital multiferroicity is strongly desired but has been very few reported. Here, based on first-principles calculations, we unveil a new type of 2D multiferroic material: the single-layer (SL) XN (X = Ge, Sn, Pb). Our findings show these materials are ferromagnetic semiconductors with strong magnetoelectric coupling and wide bandgaps. The multiferroicity is related to the unpaired p-orbital electrons of N atoms and the buckled crystal structure. All the single layers show easy-plane magnetocrystalline anisotropy, and the magnetic anisotropy energy increases significantly with the atomic number increasing. Our Monte Carlo simulations suggest the Curie temperature TC is 205.44 K, 200.45 K, and 287.88 K for SL GeN, SnN, and PbN, respectively. By applying tensile strain, the TC can be further increased to 225.39 K, 245.35 K, 369.99 K, respectively. Additionally, biaxial strain can induce semiconductor-to-half-metal and ferroelectricity-to-paraelectricity transition in the single layers. We aspire that our work contributes to the exploration of room-temperature p-orbital multiferroicity.

Modified Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbZrO3-PbTiO3 ceramics with high d33，large Qm and high Tc

The development of piezoelectric ceramics with large piezoelectric coefficient (d33), high Curie temperature (Tc) and high mechanical quality factor (Qm) is still a key challenge for practical application for high-power device. Herein, a series of Sm3+ and Mn2+ ions co-doped 0.15Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-(0.85-x)PbZrO3-xPbTiO3 ceramics were prepared by the solid-state sintering method. The optimum piezoelectric properties were achieved at x = 0.435 mol% with a large d33 ∼ 450 pC/N and a high Qm ∼ 1968 near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), and with high Tc ∼ 296 °C. The origin of this excellent piezoelectric properties was explained by the phase structure, piezoelectric and dielectric analysis. The composition near MPB region and the appearance of defect dipoles leaded to final excellent piezoelectric properties, and made a harmonization between d33, Tc and Qm. This work demonstrated a rational strategy to obtain large d33, high Tc and high Qm for high-power piezoceramics.