Cupric Chloride Solution Research Articles

Barrier filter for fluorescence microscopy of strongly autofluorescent plant tissues. Application to actin cables in Chara.

A liquid barrier filter for use in fluorescence microscopy of strongly autofluorescent plant tissues is described. The filter consists of a methanol solution of cupric chloride and ferric chloride and isolates fluorescein fluorescence from the strong red autofluorescence of photosynthetic plant tissues. Subcortical actin cables in the giant alga Chara are being visualized through use of this filter together with heavy meromyosin labeling.

Colorimetric Determination of Nadolol in Tablets

Nadolol was extracted from tablet excipients with an acidic potassium chloride solution. The drug was oxidized with periodic acid, and the resulting aldehyde was reacted with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to form the corresponding hydrazone. Excess reagent was removed with a cupric chloride solution. The hydrazone was extracted into chloroform, and its absorbance was measured at the 352-nm maximum.

Factors affecting accumulation of pisatin by pea leaves

Disks from pea leaves were floated on solutions of various substances; pisatin levels in the solutions and in the disks were measured after incubation. Filtrates from cultures of Ascochyta pisi and Mycosphaerella pinodes which increased accumulation were no more effective than were uninoculated media; filtrates from cultures of Penicillium expansum were ineffective. Increased accumulation by media depended almost entirely on their sugar content and probably was not caused by bacteria or fungi in solutions that greatly increased accumulation. Cupric chloride solution in the dark increased accumulation much less than expected, but in the dark, it was much more effective in the presence of sucrose. In the light cupric chloride alone had about the same effect as cupric chloride and sucrose in the dark, and sucrose had no additional effect. Similar results were obtained with mercuric chloride and sodium selenite. Apart from sucrose, galactose, glucose and raffinose also greatly increased accumulation of pisatin in disks treated with cupric chloride in the dark; arabinose, galacturonic acid, gluconic acid, dulcitol, mannitol, rhamnose and xylose were much less effective. In the absence of cupric chloride, galactose, glucose and raffinose increased accumulation in the dark to about the same degree as did glucose. Acetate, cinnamate, phenylalanine, tyrosine and glycine had little effect on accumulation in the dark, with and without cupric chloride. Amounts of pisating in solutions below disks were 1·5 to 2·9 times those in disks. Solutions that greatly increased accumulation when applied to the surface of disks were ineffective when infiltrated into disks. Solutions of sucrose and cupric chloride did not increase accumulation when sprayed on young plants.

Turbulent flow streaming potentials in large bore tubing

Information on streaming potentials in large bore tubing in the turbulent flow regime is presented. Electrolytes used were aqueous solutions of sodium chloride, cupric chloride, and cupric sulphate. Correlations have been developed extending the classical relationship, E ΔP = constant (usually confined to regions of laminar flow), into the turbulent flow regime (Re ≈ 14 000). A correlation between streaming potential and temperature is also presented.

Analysis of d-ethambutol by circular dichroism of its copper chelates.

Antituberculostatic agent ethambutol, possessing a little molar specific rotation, was converted to several metal chelated derivatives. Among them, the copper chelate showed a large ellipticity value in its circular dichroism (CD) spectrum. A quantitative analysis of ethambutol by means of the copper chelation followed by CD spectroscopic measurements were investigated. Thus, addition of 0.1 ml of 0.3% ethanolic solution of ethambutol to 2.9 ml of 0.01% ethanolic solution of cupric chloride was ready to form copper chelated ethambutol which gave CD ellipticity value 4.6±0.3 in its CD spectrum. The present method is one of the convenient procedures to introduce a chromophoric nature to an optically active amino alcohol for a CD measurement.

Copper plating of SmCo5 powder

1. A study was made of the effects of process parameters in the deposition of copper on SmCo5 powder particles by the contact method upon the yield of copper into the coating. 2. It was established that the copper content of the powder is strongly affected by the pH of the working cupric chloride solution and its concentration; the temperature and prior pickling of SmCo5 powder have no significant effect upon the degree of copper plating of the powder. 3. A study was made of the specific surface of metal-plated SmCo5 powder as a function of its copper content. It was established that the optimum copper content is 4–10%, enabling even and continuous copper deposits to be obtained on the surfaces of powder particles.

Experimental investigation of the optical characteristics of mist in the channel of a light beam with an explosive regime of drop evaporation

An experimental study was made of the optics of the propagation of light in a system of exploding drops of an aqueous solution of cupric chloride, formed during the action of light pulses of length of the order of milliseconds on an aerosol. It was observed that the channel became turbid during the pulse; this was connected with the atomization of the drops during explosion and the formation of a diffusing thermal lens in the medium. Possible mechanisms of relaxation of the optical properties of the waveguide channel formed in the mist are discussed.

Formation of Photosensitive Films on Brass

AbstractThe immersion of brass in cupric chloride solution produced on it a photosensitive surface film. Changes in the magnitude and direction of the photoelectric effect suggested that an initial film of cuprous chloride was transformed on exposure to light and air to a film of cuprous oxide.

Photosensitive Film Formed on Brass in Ethanolic Cupric Chloride Solution

Photosensitive Film Formed on Brass in Ethanolic Cupric Chloride Solution

Transmittance of Cupric Chloride Solutions at Elevated Temperatures

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text A. L Olsen, L. W. Nichols, and A. K. Rogers, "Transmittance of Cupric Chloride Solutions at Elevated Temperatures," Appl. Opt. 11, 954-954 (1972) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article

The Spectrophotometric Determination of Ammonia by Chromotropic Acid; Application to Nitrogen Analysis in Steel

Ammonia is converted to copper ammine complex ion when it is absorbed into cupric chloride solution. Then, by adding chromotropic acid solution into this complex ion, the color of absorbing solution changes into purplish red.The spectrophotometric determinations were made on ammnonia by making use of that its maximum absorption wavelength is 520 nm.It was also tested the absorption spectrum, adding amount and stability of reagents and heating time etc.On the basis of results obtained, this method was applied to determine nitrogen in steel. By using standard sample, experimental values were found to agreed well with the standard ones.

Effect of pH, ionic strength, and cupric ions on the rehardening rate of buffersoftened human enamel

The rate of enamel rehardening was studied in mineralizing solutions adjusted to various conditions of pH and two levels of ionic strength. With solutions containing the equivalent of 3 and 6 mM calcium ( Ca P 1.67), rehardening of buffer-softened enamel was observed from pH 5.0 to 7.4. Higher pH levels gave higher rates of rehardening, but the absolute hardness recovery was greater with solutions adjusted to intermediate pH levels applied over longer periods of time. Addition of 0.15 M NaCl prevented the spontaneous precipitation of the mineralizing solutions except at high pH range, but it did not affect the rehardening rate. Treatments of softened enamel with cupric chloride solutions inhibited subsequent rehardening. This inhibition was reversed by treatment with calcium chloride solutions. Apparently enamel rehardening involves mineral deposition on an active surface of microspaces which develop inside the enamel structure during the softening procedure.

Contact shifts of acetonitrile solutions of cupric chloride and titanium trichloride

Contact shifts of acetonitrile solutions of cupric chloride and titanium trichloride

Studies of Organic Catalytic Reactions. V. The Function of the Chelates formed in the Hydrolysis of 2-Cyanopyridine with Metal Oxide Catalysts

Abstract When 2-cyanopyridine is refluxed with water in the presence of nickel or copper oxide, it is easily hydrolyzed and affords a chelate compound of the acid with nickel or copper. On the other hand, 3- or 4-cyanopyridine affords only the corresponding free amide by the same reaction. The interfering effect of thiophene is not observed in the reaction of 2-cyanopyridine, but it is observed in the case of the 3- or 4-cyanopyridine. When 2-cyanopyridine is refluxed with an aqueous solution of nickel or cupric chloride, it is hydrated to form a chelate of the amide with nickel or copper. These chelates are hydrolyzed with the metal oxides in water to afford the chelates of the acid. Pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide is also hydrolyzed to the chelate of the acid, but the hydrolysis of the 3- or 4-amide isomer does not occur under the same conditions. The four chelates of the acid and amide are excellent catalysts for the hydration of 2-cyanopyridine, giving the free amide in a high yield. From these facts, it may be presumed that: 1) The adsorption of 2-cyanopyridine or its amide on the catalysts is stereospecific and results in the formation of a kind of chelate. Upon forming the acid, the metal atom of the catalyst is drawn out of the catalyst to form the chelate. 2) The metal oxide is the most suitable catalyst for the chelate-type adsorption and for the chelate formation. 3) The chelate of the acid formed during the hydrolysis of 2-cyanopyridine acts as another catalyst in the formation of the free amide, then, the amide is further converted into the chelate of the acid by means of the metal oxide catalyst.

The Determination of Micro Amounts of Polythionates. V. A Photometric Method for the Determination of Polythionates When Two Species of Them, Tetra-, Penta- and Hexathionate, are Present Together

Abstract In the previous papers of this series, the present authors have found the conditions under which all three polythionates (n=4, 5 and 6) are quantitatively converted into thiocyanate. When one mole of polythionate undergoes cyanolysis, one mole of thiosulfate and (n–3) moles of thiocyanate are formed. The thiosulfate formed from polythionate is then converted into thiocyanate by the addition of a cupric chloride solution. A photometric method for the determination of polythionate when two species of polythionates, tetra-, penta- and hexathionate, are present toghther has been devised; it depends upon the determination of the different amounts of thiocyanate formed from the cyanolysis of polythionates both in the presence of cupric ions and in their absence. The mean number of sulfur atoms, n, in the formula, SnO62−, for polythionate, was determined; the polythionate composition of the solution was also evaluated from the n value

The Electrode Potential of the Semiconductor CuS in Solutions of Copper Ions and Sulfide Ions

The electrode potential of cupric sulfide was measured in aqueous acidic solutions of cuprous chloride and cupric chloride, as well as in alkaline solutions of sulfur and sulfide ions. The redox couples Cu++/Cu+ and S/S−− exhibit high reversibility on this electrode material. Nonstoichiometric excess sulfur in behaves energetically like free elemental sulfur. The reason for the voltage increase observed when elemental sulfur is added to a cuprous chloride electrode is explained by the mechanism that the electrode reaction changes from to a redox mechanism, at the solution interface, whereby cupric chloride is generated by the chemical reaction . The principle of coupling a chemical reaction with an electrochemical reaction in a closed cycle is shown to be of considerable advantage for the construction of certain types of battery electrodes.

The effect of solute concentration on fluidity and structure in aqueous solutions of electrolytes—II. Alkaline earth chlorides, cupric chloride and ferric chloride

An examination has been made of the effect of concentration on the temperature dependence of fluid flow in solutions of alkaline earth chlorides, cupric chloride and ferric chloride. From the way in which the Arrhenius and Eyring parameters for fluid flow vary with concentration in these solutions it is tentatively suggested that Mg2+ in concentrations up to 0·05 m enhances the intrinsic structural properties of water, but Mg2+ above this concentration, the remaining alkaline earth cations, Cu2+ and the ferric chloride complex destroy water structure; in the ferric-chloride—water system above 0·25 m water structure is not only destroyed with rising concentration but there are imposed upon the system new and entirely different fluid hydrate structures. It is also concluded that a common mechanism, which depends on the hydration properties of the cation, is responsible for the flow characteristics of these solutions.

Film Growth on Copper in Acidified Cupric Chloride Solutions.

Film Growth on Copper in Acidified Cupric Chloride Solutions.

還元マンガン鉱石中の酸化第一マンガンの分別定量法

The residue from the treatment of reduced manganese ore with methanolic cupric chloride solution, in the previous report, includes various oxides of manganese and iron. In this study a fractional method of determination of manganese monoxide in the above residue is investigated. As the result of experiments, the treatment of the residue by adding 20 mL of 6 N ammonium-sulfate solution and heating in a boiling-water bath for approximately 30 min in CO2 stream was decided as a suitable method of dissolving manganese monoxide only with nearly none of the other oxides being brought into the solution. After filtering the solution, the manganese in the combined solution of the filtrate and the washing is determined titrimetrically as manganese monoxide fraction of the residue by means of persulfate ferrous-permanganate method.

Water-Soluble Chelating Agents in Organic Materials: I. Characterization of Chelating Agents and Their Reactions with Trace Metals in Soils

Water extracts of barnyard manure, dried and ground alfalfa, and animal feces were found to contain complexing agents which were capable of removing zinc from the soil. This zinc could not be removed by water or a potassium chloride solution, but could be removed with a cupric chloride solution. The complexing agents or combination of agents appear to be of plant origin, and were partially inactivated by incubation of the organic material prior to extraction. It was shown by the principle of resin-exchange equilibrium that the zinc after removal from the soil was complexed by materials in the water extract of manure. There were at least two complexing agents in the extract, one or more of which formed a 2:1 type of complex and one or more of which formed a 1:1 complex, the resulting average being 1.55:1. The “apparent” stability constant of the combination of agents for zinc was found to be 7.8. The ability of the extract to complex zinc increased as the pH of the extract was increased. The formation of a chelate complex between the zinc and the chelating agents in the extract is postulated.