The article presents provisions on the phenomenon of the personal socio-cultural experience of students and its role in the development of personality. The necessity and possibility of purposeful development of learners’ personal experience of social relations in the conditions of an educational organization to form the culture of social relations in the educational process participants, as well as the cultural competencies of students, are substantiated. The dependence of the development of students’ cultural competencies on the peculiarities of their personal experience of social relations is demonstrated; characteristics of some types of relevant experience are provided. A method for studying students’ personal cultural experience as the fundamental component of their cultural competencies and the process of forming a culture of social relations in an educational organization is developed.