International Culture Research Articles

English Borrowings in the Russian and Chinese Languages in the Sphere of Trade

The article examines the linguistic and cultural phenomenon of borrowing English words in the Chinese and Russian languages in the commercial sphere as a consequence of the growing influence of English in the context of globalization. Today English has become common in every country, and more and more people are beginning to speak English. Sometimes this interest is prompted by a desire to explore international culture and to travel. However, with increasing frequency, the knowledge of English is seen as necessary for professional work, because English has become a universal tool of communication in business, commerce, and international trade. This phenomenon of Anglicization is definitely present both in China and Russia, and the article looks at the vocabulary sphere which is especially vulnerable to bor-rowings: that of commercial and trade terminology. The article gives a review of phonetic borrowings from English into Chinese and Russian, focusing on the specific character of borrowings in Chinese in connection with peculiarities of the script and sounds. It also presents respective examples of borrowings in the sphere of trade, seeks to understand why English terms are borrowed into both languages, and introduces the classification by K. Palmgren which includes commercial borrowings. The author recognizes that both China and Russia are somewhat concerned about the impact of English on their languages, feeling that the increased influx of English words and phrases may pose a threat to their future development and even potentially slow it down. The influence of English on modern Chinese and Russian languages is undoubtedly significant, and, with current policy, aimed at integration into the world economy, this influence is only expected to grow. In the context of increasing commercial connections between the countries, Anglicisms continue to replace the Russian vocabulary. However, it primarily concerns the vocabulary of trade and commerce, while in daily communication English borrowings are used much more rarely. Thus, the author concludes that, although there is a tendency toward fully replacing Russian trade and commercial terms with those of English origin and, in all probability, this tendency will only be expanding, such penetration of Anglicisms into separate spheres doesn’t threaten the integrity of the language system as a whole.

A Study on the Ethics of the Concept and Purpose of Culture Technology in the Post-COVID Era

Few researchers have discussed the concept or the purpose of culture technology, newly coined in Korea, different from the Internet, mechanical, nano, bio, space technology, coming with the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This paper studies the ethics of the concept and the purpose of culture technology whose practical use might be generalized and pumped up in the post-COVID era, helped by the fifth-generation networks, robots, artificial intelligence, and big data. The research methodology is to observe the effect of the COVID pandemic on the domestic and international culture industry and the utility of culture technology and stress the ethics of promoting human interests while dealing with the concept and purpose of culture technology. Through the analysis, technology should be forced into the category of culture having the human-social factors, which means theorizing the relationship between culture and technology in a continuous way and providing a robust public policy to ensure cultural diversity in the rural area. Lastly, this study is intended to contribute to present the appropriate direction to the research and development of scientific technology following the pandemic of COVID-19.

The Effectiveness of a Proposed Visits Program to the King Abdul-Aziz International Cultural Center in Developing Friendship Skills for Kindergarten Children in Dhahran

The Effectiveness of a Proposed Visits Program to the King Abdul-Aziz International Cultural Center in Developing Friendship Skills for Kindergarten Children in Dhahran

Review: Architecture in Global Socialism: Eastern Europe, West Africa, and the Middle East in the Cold War

Review: <i>Architecture in Global Socialism: Eastern Europe, West Africa, and the Middle East in the Cold War</i>

The Analysis of the Culture-Related Contents in an Indonesian English Textbook

This research analyzed the presentation of culture-related contents of the tenth-grade senior high school English textbook. The textbook was published by the Ministry of Education and Culture of Republic Indonesia. The written texts that contain cultural information were identified by employing content analysis based on Cortazzi &amp; Jin (1999) three sources of cultural information, and coded under the eight categories by Byram (1993). Cortazzi &amp; Jin (1999) categorization is used to portray the presentation of culture-related contents in the English textbook. The written texts were classified into those sources, and Byram (1993) checklist was used in the procedure of the content analysis mentioned earlier. The scope of the cultural content and how it meets the needs of cultural teaching in English language teaching are revealed in this checklist. The findings showed that the EFL textbook not only reflects the target cultures, but also source cultures and international cultures. The materials present source cultures as the most frequently depicted cultures and the international cultures are the least frequently depicted cultures. In conclusion, the materials related to culture in this English textbook are well represented to be integrated into the English language teaching and learning process.

Sociocultural Values In 2nd Intermediate Textbook "English For Iraq"

The current study aims to evaluate socio-cultural values included in English textbooks for the 2nd intermediate class in Iraq and to show the types of cultures that appear in the English textbooks for the 2nd intermediate class in Iraq. Is it target culture, source culture, or international culture? For this purpose, a checklist has been drawn from Brook's list of sociocultural references to analyze the content of the Pupil’s Book and Activity Book of English for Iraq 2nd Intermediate. The socio-cultural values include social references, historical references, and geographical references. After analyzing the Pupil’s Book and Activity Book of English for Iraq 2nd intermediate, the results reveal that sociocultural values are mainly based on the International culture. The source culture is dominating over the target culture.

INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON WELL-BEING AND BURNOUT WITHIN HEALTH SYSTEMS

Objectives: To reflect on the present international culture of professional burnout&#x0D; in health care systems and the need for a radical new approach with an increased&#x0D; understanding of a person- and people-centered attitudes in the promotion of&#x0D; training in wellbeing and the prevention and management of burnout among&#x0D; physicians and health care professionals&#x0D; Methods: A literature search worldwide was undertaken for significant research&#x0D; papers on professional education related to burnout with particular reference to&#x0D; both medical staff resilience and health care system factors.&#x0D; Findings: Burnout among doctors is a global phenomenon. The incidence of&#x0D; burnout reported in a selection of studies among pediatric residents and staff are&#x0D; 25% in Argentina, 37% in the United Kingdom, and 70% in Saudi Arabia. In a&#x0D; national survey in the United States where the overall rate was 59% burned out&#x0D; residents reported significantly increased stress, poorer mental health, and&#x0D; decreased empathy, mindfulness, resilience, self-compassion, and confidence in&#x0D; providing compassionate care Three levels of change that should be the focus of&#x0D; training in prevention, health promotion, and stress reduction awareness have been&#x0D; recommended to reduce the risk of burnout: (1) modifying the organizational&#x0D; structure and work processes; (2) improving the fit between the organization and&#x0D; the individual doctor through professional development programs so that better&#x0D; adaption to the work environment occurs; and (3) individual-level actions to reduce&#x0D; stress and poor health symptoms through effective coping and promoting healthy&#x0D; behavior.&#x0D; Discussion: The history of burnout shows important links with increased work&#x0D; complexity. Narrow training interventions such as debriefing after an adverse&#x0D; clinical event have not been found effective. A more comprehensive personcentered&#x0D; approach with a variety of measurable interventions has resulted in a&#x0D; reduction of 50% in the pediatric faculty in one study. A person- and&#x0D; people-centered cybernetic approach is needed with six standards are to establish&#x0D; and sustain a healthy work environment (1) authentic leadership (2) meaningful&#x0D; recognition, (3) skilled communication, (4) true collaboration, (5) effective&#x0D; decision making, and (6) appropriate staffing.&#x0D; Conclusion: With such high levels of burnout, health systems worldwide can be&#x0D; viewed as failing their populations on a grand scale. Only an organizational&#x0D; paradigm change to a person- and people cybernetic centered system that&#x0D; incorporates complexity is adaptive and integrative will a health system be&#x0D; effective in preventing and ameliorating the effects of burnout and reduce the&#x0D; increasingly unaffordable misuse of human resources.

An Analysis of Cultural Contents in English Textbook Used by the Eighth Grade Students of Junior High School 03 Bangkinang

The title of this thesis is “An Analysis of Cultural contents in English Textbook used by the Eighth Grade Students of Junior High School 03 Bangkinang”. This research was conducted based on some problems related to the cultural contents dissemination in the English Textbook. Absolutely, the objective of national education in Indonesia is set based on the cultural value and ideology of the nation. Thus, English textbook evaluation need to be conducted in order to know the appropriateness of the contents in the textbook. This research consisted of two formulations of the problem: how are the cultural contents disseminated in the English textbook entitled ‘English in Focus for Grade VIII (SMP/MTs), and what are the cultural contents disseminated in the English textbook. The objectives of this research are to know about how the cultural contents are disseminated in the English textbook and what are the cultural contents disseminated in the English textbook. The data of the research were collected from reading passages and also pictures in the English Textbook which was published by National Education Department. This research is a descriptive qualitative but the element of quantitative in the form of how the data are counted in a percentage has also been used. In order to know what cultural contents are disseminated in the English Textbook, the cultural contents were categorized into the source or local culture, the target culture, and the international culture (Cortazzi &amp; Jin, 1999). Moreover, in order to know how the cultural contents were disseminated in the English Textbook, the cultural contents were categorized into four senses; the aesthetic sense, the sociological sense, the semantic sense, and the pragmatic sense (Adaskou, Britten &amp; Fahsi, 1990).The research found that local or source culture was predominant in the textbook. The cultural contents of (43.75%) referred to the local culture, (40.62%) referred to the international culture, and (21.87%) referred to the target culture. Additionally, in order to know how the cultural contents are disseminated in textbook, the research found that generally the cultural contents were disseminated by the aesthetic sense (46.15%), the sociological sense (30.76%), and the pragmatic sense (23.07%), while the semantic sense was not found. Based on the findings, it could be concluded that the contents of English textbook in focus for grade VIII has already successfully achieved the national education goal. National characters or national culture should be input in education field.

Improved Competency of School Principals Through Construction of Work Group

Textbooks have an important role in English language learning to provide information about the English language and interrelated cultures. This research aimed to find cultural contents which refer to cultural dimensions and cultural categories in 34 reading passages. Generating Qualitative Content Analysis, this research attempted to disclose the cultural dimensions and cultural categories embedded in the textbook reading passages. The coding system was done by means of QCAmap App. With regards to cultural dimensions, this research found patterns of the occurrence of the dimension were dominated by the dimension of Practices. Then it is followed by dimension of Perspectives, dimension of Products, dimension of Persons and dimension of Communities respectively. Furthermore, this study found that the highest percentage of cultural categories is Target Culture (35%). It is followed by Universality across Culture (26%), International Culture (24%) and Intercultural Interaction (15%). However, the researcher did not find the occurrence of Source Culture in the 34 reading passages in Next Move 1 Students’ Book.

Disclosing Cultural Contents in English Textbook Reading Passages for Junior High School

Textbooks have an important role in English language learning to provide information about the English language and interrelated cultures. This research aimed to find cultural contents which refer to cultural dimensions and cultural categories in 34 reading passages. Generating Qualitative Content Analysis, this research attempted to disclose the cultural dimensions and cultural categories embedded in the textbook reading passages. The coding system was done by means of QCAmap App. With regards to cultural dimensions, this research found patterns of the occurrence of the dimension were dominated by the dimension of Practices. Then it is followed by dimension of Perspectives, dimension of Products, dimension of Persons and dimension of Communities respectively. Furthermore, this study found that the highest percentage of cultural categories is Target Culture (35%). It is followed by Universality across Culture (26%), International Culture (24%) and Intercultural Interaction (15%). However, the researcher did not find the occurrence of Source Culture in the 34 reading passages in Next Move 1 Students’ Book.

Semiotic analysis to the cultural content in the EFL textbook

This research studied an EFL textbook entitled “Be smart in English for grade X of Senior High School Linguistics and Cultural Studies” to find out two things within it. Those are the types of culture and cultural meaning represented through its texts and images within the EFL textbook. To determine the types of culture, the researcher uses categorization proposed by Cortazzi and Jin while to reveal the cultural meaning, the researcher uses Pierce’s semiotic principal. The researcher conducts a descriptive qualitative research specifically library research because the researcher got the main data from the document review. In addition, semiotic analysis is used in this research to have a complexity analyzing of the cultural sign. The result of this study shows an imbalance portion of cultural content appearance. The percentage shows in four types of cultures that there are 25 of source culture appearance (21%), 15 times of target culture appearance (13%), 10 times of International culture appearance (8%), and neutral culture appeared as much 69 times (58%). Then, cultural content that has been analyzed using semiotic analysis presented the cultural content appeared majority from image as much 73 times (61%) and texts as much 46 times (39%).

CULTURAL CONTENTS IN THE ELT TEXTBOOK PREPARED BY THE INDONESIAN MINISTRY OF EDUCATION FOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS

Background and Purpose: Learning materials are powerful resources in facilitating students’ intercultural communication competence; therefore, this study aims to investigate the cultural contents presented in the textbook for Year 11 students in Indonesian secondary schools. Methodology: This study employed a content analysis approach based on the framework by Cortazzi and Jin (1999). The texts, dialogues and images in the textbook were analyzed to understand which culture they represent. Findings: The textbook contains elements of the target culture, native culture and other international cultures in varying degrees. The dominant culture presented in the textbook is the target culture (57.6%). Elements of native culture represent about one-third of the content (30.3%). However, the content related to other international cultures is very limited (12.1%). When there is a lack of exposure to international cultures, students’ cognitive and affective skills may subsequently reduce and this leads to difficulty in developing their intercultural competence. Revision to some parts of the textbook should be done to meet the ideal requirements. Contributions: The study provides insights into the cultural contents of the ELT textbook used in Indonesian secondary schools and it suggests that the textbook should be revised to meet the requirement of intercultural competence.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: ELT textbook, intercultural competence, international culture, native culture, target culture.&#x0D; &#x0D; Cite as: Deswila, N., Kustati, M., Yusuf, Y. Q., Raja Harun, R. N. S., Besral, &amp; Rehani. (2021). Cultural contents in the ELT textbook prepared by the Indonesian ministry of education for secondary schools. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 222-241. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp222-241

The Age Absent of Classics and the Writer’s Anxiety: An Interview with Yan Lianke

This interview was conducted on a summer day at the International Culture Center of Capital Normal University in Beijing: August 12, 2019. Suffering from a relapse of his backache, Yan Lianke had to talk and answer questions by reclining on the couch for nearly three hours. Despite of it, he was patient and impressively open to questions that may not have quick or easy answers. The interview covers a wide range of topics, primarily focusing on three aspects: 1) the multiple dimensions of Yan’s anxiety stemming from living in today’s social reality, literary creation itself, and the incapability of grasping the future; 2) Yan’s understanding of classics against the backdrop of contemporary Chinese literary reality; 3) the paradox of Yan’s emotional attachment to the “native soil” (xiangtu) both in life and in literature, and his perception of a writer’s social responsibility as not running away from the life with which one is most familiar.

Research on the development status of domestic Korean catering industry

With the steady development of China’s economy, the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, the transformation of people’s consumption concepts and the enhancement of their ability to accept foreign cultures, the special cuisine has been welcomed by Chinese people and became popular on their tables. Korean catering, which has its own unique flavor, is gradually developing among Chinese major cities. Compared with other regions, Wuhan, a second-tier city in China with relatively developed economy, relatively concentrated population, strong business culture and large proportion of young people, has a huge potential in food consumption. In addition, the unique conditions of Wuhan people’s positive attitude to foreign culture and the mature international metropolis culture of Wuhan itself all provide the sustainable development of Korean catering industry. This paper mainly analyzes the first-hand field research information and data of Korean catering industry status in Wuhan Optics Valley area rigorously and pragmatically to find and solve problems, as well as provide feasible strategies for college students in Korean catering business.

ISCA (International Sport and Culture Association)

ISCA (International Sport and Culture Association)

ISCA (International Sport and Culture Association)

ISCA (International Sport and Culture Association)

ISCA (International Sport and Culture Association)

ISCA (International Sport and Culture Association)

ISCA (International Sport and Culture Association)

ISCA (International Sport and Culture Association)

Resurrecting Nagasaki: Reconstruction and the Formation of Atomic Narratives by Chad R. Diehl

Reviewed by: Resurrecting Nagasaki: Reconstruction and the Formation of Atomic Narratives by Chad R. Diehl Yamaguchi Hibiki Resurrecting Nagasaki: Reconstruction and the Formation of Atomic Narratives. By Chad R. Diehl. Cornell University Press, 2018. 234 pages. Hard-cover, $39.95; softcover, $23.95. Resurrecting Nagasaki is the first scholarly work in English on the history of Nagasaki after the atomic bombing on 9 August 1945. Disappointingly, no equivalent scholarship has been published even in Japanese. Chad Diehl’s book is therefore a welcome first work on the topic, one that can extend the frontiers of our understanding about how people have struggled to deal with the aftermath of unprecedented devastation. Nagasaki’s experience provides a good contrast with that of Hiroshima, the other site of atomic bombing. Unlike in Hiroshima, whose most densely populated area was directly hit by the bomb, the region of Nagasaki that suffered the greatest devastation, Urakami, was on the city’s periphery. Located to the north of the city center, Urakami is known also for the persecution of its Catholic residents by the Tokugawa shogunate, an ordeal that ended in 1868. Further, perhaps because Nagasaki was the second city chronologically to have been bombed by an atomic weapon, it has always played second fiddle to Hiroshima, which has all too often been treated as the icon of atomic devastation. Philosopher Takahashi Shinji even coined the phrase rettō hibaku toshi (“inferior atomic-bomb city,” in Diehl’s translation) to refer to Nagasaki. Diehl’s book is about how these distinct aspects of the city have shaped “the diverse narratives of postatomic Nagasaki” (p. 1). As Diehl writes, “The story of the atomic bombing appeared as part of the city’s long history, not as its primary characteristic. Unlike Hiroshima, addressing the human destruction and suffering caused by the bomb was never a top priority for politicians in Nagasaki” (p. 2). Instead, Nagasaki city officials chose the phrase kokusai bunka toshi (“international cultural city”) to describe their postwar city. The decision was made in 1949 when legislation intended to boost Nagasaki’s reconstruction efforts was named the Nagasaki International Cultural City Construction Law (Nagasaki Kokusai Bunka Toshi Kensetsu Hō). Adopting this characterization was not entirely [End Page 227] by choice, however. Hiroshima had outpaced Nagasaki in its efforts to enact its own reconstruction law, named the Hiroshima Peace Commemoration City Construction Law (Hiroshima Heiwa Kinen Toshi Kensetsu Hō). Hiroshima refused to share the “peace city” (p. 33) image with Nagasaki, and when the National Diet passed the two laws at the same time, the two separate identities were established. The reactions within Nagasaki to the reconstruction law were “mixed” (p. 34). Yet faced with the new designation as an “international cultural city,” various actors took part in the process of determining how to interpret the phrase and how to translate the vague slogan into concrete reconstruction plans. In this context, Diehl identifies four categories of actor who shaped the postatomic city: Nagasaki officials and politicians, the US Occupation personnel, the Catholic community, and the hibakusha (atomic bomb survivors). Following chapter 1, which deals with the first few years of reconstruction by officials and politicians, Diehl turns his attention in chapter 2 to the second groups of actors, the American Occupation forces. The pacification of the Nagasaki populace was its primary concern. To describe the strained process by which that goal was pursued, Diehl offers various instances of cultural exchange between Japan and the United States. A case in point is Winfield P. Niblo, chief education officer of the Nagasaki Military Government Team, and his effort to introduce square dancing. Another example is the first-ever Miss Nagasaki pageant, sponsored by three newspaper companies in 1946. Pacific Stars and Stripes, the US military’s newspaper, dubbed the event Miss Atom Bomb of 1946. The name was given mostly out of the gaze of local residents, who did not read English. This case indicates how Americans used the words atom or atomic “as a marker of pride in American science, which from their perspective had brought victory and peace, indeed something of which to be proud” (p. 58). In chapters 3 and 4, Diehl delves into the role played...

The Analysis of Evolutionary Path of Research Topics on the Field of Visualization of International Cultural Heritage Information Since the 21st Century

This paper has retrieved 979 literatures in the field of visualization of cultural heritage information between 2000 and 2020 from Web Of Science core collection. With the keys words as the unit of analysis, cluster analysis and co-word analysis as the research methods and SciMAT as the tool, it has identified research highlights and evolution paths in different periods. The research has found that research topics vary a lot in different periods. Part of the thematic studies are strongly related in sequence, the evolutionary relations between topics gradually become complex in the middle and latter period, and 5 evolution paths are presented in general. System is the main research interests and will continue to be the research highlights. Museum becomes a fundamental topic with great potential in the field after continuous integration and regeneration. 3-D visualization, with the largest time span and various research contents, is the fundamental topic in the field.