Cultural Heritage Of Indigenous Peoples Research Articles

A Systematic Literature Review of the Significance of the School of Living Tradition in the Preservation of Cultural Heritage of the Indigenous Peoples

This systematic literature review investigates the critical role of the School of Living Traditions (SLT) and its educational approaches in preserving the cultural heritage of Indigenous Peoples (IP) in the Philippines. A set of pre-defined inclusion-exclusion criteria led to the selection of six pertinent papers, which were comprehensively analyzed and synthesized. The examination of these articles revealed recurring themes, allowing for the development of thematic constructs to address the study's objectives. The findings underscore the pivotal role of SLTs in safeguarding the profound traditions of Indigenous Peoples, thereby ensuring the transmission of cultural legacies to younger generations and empowering IP communities. Notably, the significance of SLTs lies in their ability to preserve the authentic essence of cultural practices, contributing to the empowerment of Indigenous communities. In the transmission of this indigenous knowledge, systems, and practices, pedagogical approaches within SLTs are centered on culture-based education and experiential learning. These approaches aim to facilitate meaningful learning experiences that enable individuals to derive personal significance from their acquired knowledge and apply it in real-world contexts. Consequently, this research sheds light on the instrumental role of SLTs in fostering cultural preservation and empowerment within Indigenous communities through tailored educational methodologies.

Progresywny cykl peruwiańskiej polityki kulturowej

PROGRESSIVE CYCLE OF PERUVIAN CULTURAL POLICY: PARTICIPATION AND THE RIGHT OF PRIOR CONSULTATION REGARDING THE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES The aim of the article is to analyse the rights of Indigenous Peoples to the protection, preservation, and management of their cultural heritage. The second element of the research is the analysis of the politicisation of the cultural heritage of Indigenous Peoples in the context of their right to participation andconsultation. Considerations on this subject are presented in the context of the phenomenon of ethnic revival and empowerment of indigenous communities (both in Latin America and on a global scale), which has been developing for several decades, in line with the slogans of democratisation and decolonisation.These phenomena coincided in the first decades of the 21st century with an unprecedented moment in the political history of Latin America – the so-called progressive cycle of public policies, according to which the governments of subsequent countries rejected neoliberal concepts in favour of greater involvement of the authorities in building egalitarian societies, and in the field of cultural policies, the pursuit of ‘democratisation of culture’. As a case study of the discussed phenomena, the article presents the progressive cycle of cultural policy in the Republic of Peru and an example of the activity of the interdisciplinary program Proyecto Qhapaq Ñan, established in 2001 by the authorities of the Republic for the purpose of inventory, documentation and safeguarding the remains of the Andean Qhapaq Ñan Trail. Its trajectory reflects both the variables of Peru’s cultural policy, shaped in relation to the operational guidelines and international standards of the UN system, and the evolution of Peruvian ethnopolitics toward indigenous peoples in the last two decades.

Free prior informed consent in the extractive industry: Approaches to involving Indigenous peoples in decision-making in Russia

Free prior informed consent is a principle for consulting, cooperating, and obtaining consent from Indigenous peoples through their representative institutions on matters affecting them. It is promoted by the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, which calls on nations to strengthen the civil, political, and economic rights of Indigenous peoples by securing their rights to land, minerals, and other natural resources. Extractive companies have been developing policies to address Indigenous peoples' concerns as part of legal compliance and voluntary actions under corporate social responsibility. The lives and cultural heritage of Indigenous peoples are continuously affected by operations of extractive industries. This is notable in the Circumpolar North, where Indigenous peoples have developed sustainable resource use practices in fragile natural environments. In this paper, we examine corporate social responsibility approaches to implementing free prior informed consent in Russia. We investigate how public and civil institutions influence the policies of extractive companies and their impact on Indigenous peoples’ self-determination and participation in decision-making.

Роль библиотек в сохранении культурного наследия многонациональных государств

The role of libraries in preserving the cultural heritage of indigenous peoples is significant and multi-faceted. Libraries build up collections of information resources in indigenous languages, carry out extensive research work, generate bibliographic databases, conduct cultural and educational activities, organize exhibi-tions. These activities support the preservation and promotion of the local tangible and intangible cultural heritage, the written and spoken indigenous languages. This is aimed at developing young people’s interest and responsible attitude to the languages and cultures of the indigenous peoples of Russia.

On the Study of the Sustainable Development of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Indigenous Peoples’ Diets—Take the Protection of Geographical Indications as an Example

From the perspective of geographical indications, this article introduces the methods used by the geographical indication system to protect indigenous peoples’ diets as an intangible part of their cultural heritage. By collecting and analyzing the data of the five major intellectual property offices of the world, we can understand the protection status of the intangible cultural heritage of indigenous peoples’ diets. Difficulties and controversies in the protection of food-related intangible cultural heritage geographical indications; the solution method is based on an in-depth understanding of development strategies, and four suggestions are provided; finally, the self-check sheet for the protection of indigenous peoples’ dietary intangible cultural heritage geographical indications is supplemented. Combining the questionnaire surveys and field visits, the conclusions are: The protection of indigenous peoples’ food culture is not a deliberate attempt at preserving traditions, but instead the market demand that is most directly oriented to the times and food; while protecting indigenous peoples’ food culture through geographical indications, revitalizing the inheritance and development of community food culture; giving more rights to the indigenous peoples, and providing a good legal protection environment for the inheritance, dissemination and innovation of intangible cultural food heritage; give full play to the potential of geographical indications and their associated benefits.

РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЯ КУЛЬТУРНОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ: СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ

Based on extensive research material, the article reveals topical issues, modern approaches to the concept of cultural heritage representation. The ways of managing cultural heritage are considered, since the representation of cultural heritage, the choice of ways of this representation are part of the management of cultural heritage. In the modern era, one of the first places is the use of digital technologies for the representation of cultural heritage. And here a number of problems arise, including those of a legal and even political nature. For example, post-colonial discourse addresses the need for access to digitization of the tangible and intangible cultural heritage of indigenous peoples. For the Russian Federation, where 40 indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East live, the issue of digitizing their tangible, intangible cultural and natural heritage is of particular importance.

Художественная интеллигенция Байкальской Сибири в процессе организации научных экспедиций во второй половине XIX – начале XX века

The relevance of the article is determined by the fact that the work of the artistic intelligentsia of Baikal Siberia was restored in the process of organizing scientific expeditions in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. The study makes it possible to consider in detail the main stages of the organization of expeditionary and exhibition work of scientific associations, based on the identified evidence. The article showed how art collections in museums and galleries were formed based on the results of studying the cultural heritage of indigenous peoples and the natural resources of remote territories, materials were exhibited at public city sites. The purpose of the work is to present the work of the artistic intelligentsia of Baikal Siberia in the process of organizing scientific expeditions in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries, based on evidence found in the archives. The objectives of the study are as follows: to analyze sources from the State Archives of the Irkutsk Region, the Irkutsk Regional Art Museum. V. P. Sukachev about the life and work of masters, the organization of expeditionary and exhibition work; identify the difficulties that were identified as a result of the activities of artists. Methodology. The work adheres to the principles of historicism, consistency and scientific objectivity. The his-torical-genetic and problem-chronological methods are used. Results. As a result of the use of those identified in the State Archives of the Irkutsk Region and the Irkutsk Regional Art Museum. V. P. Sukachev of historical documents, the history of the exhibition and expeditionary work of the artistic intelligentsia of Baikal Siberia in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries was restored. It is confirmed that the activity of the masters influenced the formation of collections of art objects in museums and galleries. Conclusions. The study revealed the main stages of participation of the artistic intelligentsia in expeditions to study the cultural heritage of indigenous peoples and the natural resources of Baikal Siberia in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. The work presents documents from the Siberian archives, which makes it possible to restore the activities of the masters.

A legal tripartite for protecting TCEs: a step forward from the IP narrative

The view expressed is mine alone and not of the institution/organisation I am affiliated to. The ongoing discussions on protection of traditional cultural expressions (TCEs) of indigenous peoples are led by multiple international organizations, which look at the cultural heritages with lenses unique to their organizational scope and aim to provide some sort of protection within these already rigid domains. The different fields of law have segregated the cultural heritage of indigenous peoples into cultural rights, political rights, intangible property rights, land and other tangible property rights and, above all, human rights. It is in this background that the book ‘Legal Shape-Shifting’ by J.M. (Kelly) Breemen suggests taking a few steps backward, for a better protection measure. In Chapter 1, Kelly introduces the multi-dimensional approach and methodology adopted for the book and suggests a reliance upon three different fields—copyright law, cultural heritage law and human rights law, as an interdependent...

Exploring the Tangible Cultural Heritage of Indigenous People of Batobalani, Paracale, Camarines Norte, Philippines

This ethnographic study investigated the tangible cultural heritage of the Kabihug Tribe of Batobalani, Paracale, Camarines Norte. Data were collected from in-depth interviews with elders and members of the tribe. The inventory showed three themes for the tangible heritage of the tribe. The practices of building the dwelling place of the Kabihug tribe were still intact. However, minor alterations were made, like the walls and partitions on their house were evident. Bolo, their primary agricultural tool, was bought in the marketplace and their clothing is similar to the lowlanders. It is imperative that the impact and influence of civilization and rapid technological advancement change the lifestyle and practices of the Kabihug tribe. Nevertheless, it is reasonable to conserve and preserve the cultural traditions and tangible cultural heritage of the Kabihug tribe as national and historical treasure of the country.

Wetland spirits and indigenous knowledge: Implications for the conservation of wetlands in the Peruvian Amazon

Globally, the importance of indigenous and local knowledge systems for science, policy, environmental conservation and the cultural heritage of indigenous peoples is increasingly being recognised. The Amazon region in particular is home to many indigenous peoples who have conserved their cultural traditions and knowledge, despite growing threats to the environment and traditional lifestyles and cultures. Based on insights from ethnographic research in three indigenous communities, here we present a case study on the indigenous knowledge of the Urarina people of the Chambira Basin in the Peruvian Amazon and its implications for conservation. We describe, for the first time, a series of anthropomorphic and territorial “wetland spirits”, who are associated with particular wetland ecosystems and range in character from the benign to outright aggressive. Their presence may indirectly benefit conservation of wetlands, as humans fear or respect these wetland spirits and adapt their behaviour accordingly. While benign spirits may be seen as positive models to follow, aggressive spirits may deter unsustainable harvesting of resources through fear of disease or death. However, their cultural status is not adequately captured by such rational-scientific explanations. Wetland spirits are important characters within the indigenous cosmos of humans and non-humans, which is built on a relational, rather than extractive model of connecting humans and nature. We discuss our findings in the context of wider conceptual debates on recognising relational ontologies in environmental policy and conservation, the paradigm of biocultural conservation, as well as their implications for land titling, and incorporating indigenous perspectives in local education.

Internationalization of languages and culture of indigenous peoples of the arctic in the global internet

As globalization expands, the phenomenon of languages disappearance is becoming more critical. In the context of the information society development, the clash of globalization and national identity is acute. Information and communication technologies play an extremely important role in the balance of power between competing languages, and here the dominant languages have advantages to the detriment of others. To eliminate these trends, it is necessary to take urgent measures to support minority languages that are on the verge of extinction. This paper discusses ways to solve the problem and represent the languages and cultures of the indigenous peoples of the North and the Arctic on the global Internet. The article is devoted to the internationalization of the languages and cultures of the indigenous people of the North and the Arctic through the global Internet. The purpose of the study is the creation and use of the multilingual Internet portal www.arctic-megapedia.ru , which should integrate the languages and cultures of all indigenous peoples of the North and the Arctic in the global information space to the new multicultural communication of XXI century. For the implementation of the project, an internationalization model was used based on the terms “internationalization” and “localization” and their concepts adopted in computer science. The project “Digitalization of the Linguistic and Cultural Heritage of Indigenous Peoples of the Arctic” will be submitted to the Arctic Council for implementation in 2020-2023. Multilingual portal www.arctic-megapedia.ru should become a part of the world multicultural environment and organically integrate the languages and culture of the indigenous peoples of the North and the Arctic into the global information space so that they can fully represent their people, native language and culture in this multicultural environment of humankind. Localization of the project will be implemented by the creation of regional Internet resources on indigenous peoples, living in these territories and countries, subsequently integrated on a unified multilingual online portal www.arctic-megapedia.ru . The implementation of the project will be focused on promoting the achievement of the sustainable development goals of the indigenous peoples of the Arctic in the context of globalization.

ФОЛЬКЛОРНОЕ НАСЛЕДИЕ ЮГРЫ: ОПЫТ АРХИВИРОВАНИЯ В XXI ВЕКЕ

The article reflects the history and stages of the study of Khanty folklore from the first half of the XIX century until now. The characteristic of the modern period of studying folklore, formulated by the author of its periodization T.V. Voldina, is published for the first time. The article discusses details of collecting and storing various folklore genres taking into account the mentality of performers, and highlights tasks for institutions that collect, store and study the intangible cultural heritage of indigenous peoples of the North.

Pengaruh Indikasi Geografis Warisan Budaya Tradisional dalam Konteks Keju Serrano di Brazil

ABSTRACT Geographical Indication (GI) is one of Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs)’ working areas. Various products registered as Geographical Indication (GI) could be found in many developed countries because since 100 years ago, their farmers have respected the relation between traditional products and place where those products were originated. However, the same thing has not done by farmers in developing countries, thus only few of their traditional products which have been registered as GI to obtain legal protection. In fact, regarding of the developing countries’ geographic potentials, if they could realize the high economic value of products produced from such geographical potentials, they will be benefitted by the existence of GI. Theoretically, TRIPs is profitable if countries could maximize the role of TRIPs. TRIPs’ role is not only considered from how the legal protection of TRIPs could avoid losses caused by criminal act, but also from how TRIPs could add the value of those products to put them in the best prices. However, practically, the role of TRIPs is still controversial in developing countries because they are still upholding their traditional cultural values, while the intellectual property rights tend to be related with the use of modern technologies. One form of such controversies could be seen in the context of Serrano Cheese in Brazil, which shows how GI affects the traditional cultural heritage of indigenous people. Keywords: Geographical Indication, TRIPs, Serrano Cheese

Issues of the preservation of historical, cultural and environmental heritage of indigenous peoples of the Arctic

The article addresses issues related to the preservation of the natural and cultural heritage of the Arctic for the maintenance of the traditional way of life of indigenous peoples, whose culture of nature management form unique examples of sustainable development of territories in specific natural conditions. These issues are especially relevant today, when industrial expansion is becoming more and more evident in the territories, where traditional nature use is still carried out, while globalization and unification of cultures of different peoples is underway. The lack of systematization of cultural landscape elements and programs for their preservation threatens to gradually lose many components of natural and cultural heritage. The importance of the creation of territories of traditional nature use is emphasized for the solution of urgent problems of our time: development of traditional activities and preservation of natural and cultural heritage of indigenous people. This question is relevant for many regions, including the north of European Russia, where there is a pressing problem of comparing the socio-economic efficiency of the preservation of the natural environment with the industrial or other economic use of the territory, which has not only rich raw materials, but also well-preserved natural landscapes and a unique preserved “living” culture of the aboriginals of the Kola Peninsula - the culture of the Saami people.

Assessing Tribal College Priorities for Enhancing Climate Adaptation on Reservation Lands

AbstractOn reservation lands, tribal colleges and universities (TCUs) are key to preparing indigenous communities to adapt to the effects of a changing climate. The original mission of TCUs, to improve access to higher education and to sustain the cultural heritage of indigenous people, facilitates close ties between TCU faculty and staff and the indigenous communities they serve. Since 1994, the land‐grant status of TCUs allows access to limited federal funds in support of research, education, and outreach to improve food security, natural resource management, and rural quality of life, while expanding public access to higher education to underserved populations in remote rural areas. This study was designed to assess the priorities for enhancing climate adaptation on reservation lands. It summarizes the results of an assessment implemented at the 2016 Annual First Americans Land‐Grant Consortium Conference. Study participants included faculty, administrators, outreach educators, support staff, and students representing 25 of the 37 TCUs in the United States. Results from this national assessment suggest that in order for TCUs to effectively meet the climate adaptation needs of indigenous communities, additional fiscal and human resource investments are necessary. Specifically, this includes fiscal support to enhance climate science teaching, research, and professional development programs. Additional goals include creating or expanding food‐sovereignty programs, increasing community outreach education, investigating climate change impacts on water resource quality, access, and related ecological services, and exploring renewable and alternative energy opportunities.

EXPERT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, SPECIFIC FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF SIBERIAN ARCTIC (ON THE BASIS OF KRASNOYARSK REGION)

The article presents the results of long-term (2010-2016) integrated field studies in the Siberian Arctic, the Krasnoyarsk Territory, that is densely populated with indigenous peoples (Evenki, Evens, Selkups, chum, Dolgans, Nenets, Chulyms). All the world's indigenous peoples are particularly vulnerable in situations of global transformation and urbanization. Indigenous peoples of the Siberian Arctic live in areas that are actively being reclaimed by modern mining companies. The cultural heritage of indigenous peoples includes the unique biological and socio-ecological practices connected, in particular, with the domestic nomadic reindeer breeding. The author of the article organized the Delphi - survey of 127 experts, for which a special questionnaire has been developed, including issues, critical situations, critical technologies that are typical for Siberian Arctic, where indigenous peoples live. It is possible to model three main scenarios of the environmental situation of indigenous peoples of Siberian Arctic based on analysis of the experts' responses. The main conclusions of the experts, which included representatives of the North and Siberian indigenous peoples, connected with the greatest probability of the pessimistic scenario, according to which environmental risks would increase, and the cultural heritage of indigenous peoples would disappear together with its carriers. The development of environmental rights of indigenous peoples and special efforts to preserve the unique environmental practices in areas of traditional nature (TTN) is necessary for overcoming the pessimistic scenario. At the same time, a modern legislative framework for the formation of TTN in the Krasnoyarsk region is virtually absent. It is recommended to improve the legislative framework in the field of environmental law as well as the intensification of strategic partnership between the civil society organizations of indigenous peoples of Siberian Arctic and representatives of mining companies working in that region.

An Analysis of the Current International Legal Regime on the Protection of the Cultural Heritage of Indigenous Peoples

Indigenous peoples have always strived for recognition of the right to their ancestral lands, resources, protection of their language, customs and traditions, all of which in combination constitute their (cultural) identity. This strife for recognition of their cultural rights, even if misinterpreted by some, is justifiable given that indigenous peoples’ very survival depend on their cultural ties to lands, customs, traditions etc., passed down from generation to generation. Departing from initial attempts at integrating indigenous peoples into the rest of the society, the current legal regime recognizes distinct cultural rights of indigenous peoples. However, the absence of explicit references to indigenous peoples’ right to their own cultural heritage in the relevant human rights instruments casts an uncertainty over the possibility that the cultural rights of indigenous peoples include a right to their cultural heritage over which they will exercise control. This article studies the current situation regarding indigenous cultural heritage right claims and elaborates on the various hurdles preventing the realization of this right. Addressing the uncertainties surrounding the existence of indigenous peoples’ right to their own cultural heritage, international treaty law, customary international law and case law are analyzed to make a proposition that there is, indeed, evidence of such a right under international law. Conceding the lack of clarity on this issue, recommendations towards a more effective regime on the protection of cultural heritage rights of indigenous peoples are suggested.

Relevamiento arqueológico en territorio de la comunidad indígena diaguita de El Mollar, Tucumán, Argentina

Nowadays, when “archaeological remains” are conceived in different parts of the world, as the cultural heritage of indigenous peoples, the indigenous community of El Mollar Diaguita raises the need to present the knowledge built together between archaeological (scientific) and indigenous (non-scientific) knowledge. To account for the existence of material evidence of the indigenous past/present is related to the intention of advancing on the explicit territorialization of community space. As a central objective of this paper we present archaeological information that form part of a cultural resource mapping process. First we discuss the conditions of the production of this research, in order to briefly introduce the indigenous community in its social, cultural and historical scenery, trying to provide information to foresee the difficulties of this proposal for the registration of Hispanic cultural materiality. We will explicit the latter, delving on its objectives and the methodology addressed, considering its theoretical and conceptual framework. As a third point, we evaluate existing scientific information in order to articulate/contrast it with the information developed as part of this survey work. Finally, we will make a few remarks on the obtained results, thinking about this particular context of the production.

Negotiating Cultural Heritage? Aboriginal–Mining Company Agreements in Australia

ABSTRACTMining and other forms of industrial development can result in profound and often irreversible damage to the cultural heritage of indigenous peoples. Fear of such damage regularly results in indigenous opposition to development and, in many cases, to delays in construction of development projects or even to their abandonment. Government legislation has generally proved ineffective in protecting indigenous heritage. An alternative means of achieving protection arises from the growing recognition of indigenous land rights and the opportunity this creates for negotiations with mining companies regarding the terms on which indigenous landowners may support development. To evaluate the potential efficacy of negotiated approaches, this article analyses forty‐one agreements between mining companies and Aboriginal peoples in Australia. It argues that negotiated agreements do have the potential to protect indigenous cultural heritage, but only where underlying weaknesses in the bargaining position of indigenous peoples are addressed. This finding has wider implications given that negotiation and agreement making are increasingly being promoted as a means of addressing the structural disadvantages faced by indigenous peoples and of resolving conflicts between them and dominant societies.

The relevance of indigenous technology in Curriculum 2005 / RNCS with special reference to the Technology Learning Area

In this article it is argued that indigenous technology with its long history cannot be ignored and should be as signed a more prominent place in the Technology Learning Area (TLA) within Curriculum 2005/RNCS Grades R – 9.2 The argument is based on the findings of a study in which the relevance of indigenous technology in the TLA curriculum was investigated. The findings not only pointed to the long history of indigenous technology, but also evidenced the continued use of such technology among indigenous people, especially in the rural contexts. The findings in the study are suggestive of an enhanced recognition of indigenous technology in the TLA curriculum. Therefore, informed by the findings, the authors pose certain recommendations pertaining to the TLA curriculum.The article has as secondary purpose creation of awareness of, and sensitivity for, the cultural heritage of indigenous people in South Africa and context-specific community needs which can be recognised and addressed in learning areas such as the TLA. South African Journal of Education Vol. 26 (4) 2006: pp. 501-513