Cultural Heritage In China Research Articles

Synchronization, Decoupling, and Regime Shift of Urban Thermal Conditions in Xi’an, an Ancient City in China under Rapid Expansion

Urbanization has profound impacts on economic development and environmental quality. Some of the serious consequences of urbanization are the changes in the thermal environment, which directly affect the greater environment and quality of life. Although many studies have been performed on urban heat islands, few have specifically examined the thermal evolution of rapidly expanding ancient cities and the impacts of urbanization on the thermal environments of important heritage sites. In this study, we analyzed the temporal and spatial patterns of the thermal environment quantified as the surface urban heat island (SUHI) and land surface temperature (LST) values from 2000 to 2018 in Xi’an, an ancient city with rich cultural heritage in China. Specifically, we analyzed the temporal evolution of the thermal environments of the functional zones and heritage sites and explore their coupling relationships with the overall temperature of the study area using a statistical analysis approach. Furthermore, we revealed time-sensitive changes in temperature regimes using the newly proposed double temperature curve approach (DTCA). The results showed that the heat island phenomenon has been intensifying in Xi’an, as evidenced by the summer daytime mean SUHI values being greater than 7 °C continuously since 2010 and the increased frequency of high-intensity SUHI effects. Extreme heat conditions were more frequent in the old urban area (built-up and in existence before 2000) than in the new urban area, while SUHI values in the new area deteriorated more rapidly. The changes in temperature in the functional zones were strongly synchronized with the overall temperature changes in Xi’an, and the temperature differences increased linearly with the overall temperature. The LST values in the four major historical heritage sites investigated in this study were 2–8 °C higher than the background temperature and were decoupled from background temperature changes. From the DTCA, we found the time periods of the thermal environment regime changes for each functional zone or heritage site, which were largely the result of policy guidance. Regional synchronization, site decoupling, and regime shifts in LST suggest opportunities for regional planning and urban landscape optimization to reduce adverse effects of urbanization on the urban environment, particularly in cities with rich historical heritage sites.

A Comparative Study on the Inheritance of "Intangible Cultural Heritage" in China, Japan and South Korea

The inheritance of "intangible cultural heritage" currently exists in the application of inheritance methods, focusing solely on the inheritance mechanism, representative inheritors and group projects. The objectivity of the inheritance is doubtful, and the talent training is flawed. In the current learning and education, the inheritance of skills is more important than theoretical exploration and inheritance. The phenomenon of light management is reflected in every university. This paper compares the intangible cultural heritage of my country, Japan and South Korea, in order to provide reference and approach for the educational inheritance of intangible cultural heritage in China.

Design and Implementation of VR Digital Displaysystem for Tujia Mogus Dance

Virtual Reality (VR) is a research hotspot in the field of computer graphics in recent years, which is widely used. Tujia Maogusi dance is a national intangible cultural heritage of our country and the crystallization of Tujia civilization. This paper takes Tujia Maogusi dance as the research object, combining with virtual reality technology, proposes the design path of VR digital display system based on Tujia Maogusi dance, and applies this path to show the VR digital cultural performance of Tujia Maogusi dance. The research shows that the VR digital display system of Tujia Maogusi dance has certain practicality, interactivity and invasiveness, which provides a reference scheme for the live display of intangible cultural heritage in China.

Correlation Analysis between the Emotion and Aesthetics for Chinese Classical Garden Design Based on Deep Transfer Learning.

Garden design with healthy psychological characteristics is a design method that mines positive psychological expressions and converts them into garden design elements. Chinese classical gardens are cultural heritage of China. Studying the beauty of space in classical gardens is of great significance to inheriting traditional culture, traditional art, and traditional aesthetics. At present, the research hotspots of garden design with healthy psychological characteristics mainly focus on the construction of relevant research theories and methods with the help of various intelligent tools. In this study, we propose a deep learning-based end-to-end model to recognize the positive psychological design of a Chinese classical garden. The model is designed based on Inception V3 that is proposed by Google. The innovation lies in that transfer learning which is integrated into Inception V3 to improve the generalization ability. Also, it is not necessary to encode the characteristics of the garden design style due to the end-to-end structure used in our proposed model. We design a positive psychological characteristics classification task to recognize high aesthetic feeling and low aesthetic feeling of rockery design. Experimental results indicate that our proposed model wins the best performance compared with other comparison models.

A Brief Overview of the Development of Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection in China

Intangible cultural heritage is the carrier of the civilization of human society and is a manifestation of cultural diversity in the world. The unique spiritual values, ways of thinking, imagination, and cultural awareness of the Chinese nation contained in China’s intangible cultural heritage are the basis for safeguarding China’s cultural identity and cultural sovereignty. Therefore, the strengthening of the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage in China not only suits the need for national development, but also is a necessary prerequisite for the dialogue of civilizations in the international community and the sustainable development of human society. This paper adopts a literature research method to briefly describe the development of intangible cultural heritage protection in China after its accession to the “Convention”. We sorted out four aspects, including the origin of the name of intangible cultural heritage in China, China’s initial efforts to protect the “intangible cultural heritage”, the effective measures taken by China to protect the intangible cultural heritage, and the list of representative items of intangible cultural heritage at the national level. The purpose of this paper is to understand the series of conservation measures established by China for the protection of intangible cultural heritage, as well as China’s contributions to the diversity, protection, continuation, and re-creation of of intangible cultural heritage culture.

Research on the Production Technology and Inheritance Status of Southern Zhejiang Clamp-Resist Dyeing

As a national intangible cultural heritage of China, the southern Zhejiang Clamp-resist dyeing is a kind of blue quilt manufacturing technology used by ancient folk people. This kind of folk homescloths has its own unique folk aesthetic form, and its patterns are mostly monochrome square symmetrical baizi figures, opera figures and auspicious patterns. In the local customs of Zhejiang province, this kind of quilt is often used as a dowry for women when they get married (Zhang, 2010). In this paper, the author made an in-depth investigation and research on the technical details and inheritance of the southern Zhejiang Clamp-resist dyeing.

Acupuncture for the Treatment of Eating Disorders: A Systematic Review

Eating disorders are mental health disorders which involve severe problems with thoughts about food and eating behaviors. Acupuncture, an intangible cultural heritage of China, is well known for its ability to release stress and pain. Previous studies suggest that acupuncture has positive effects on treating eating disorders though its effectiveness remains uncertain. A systematic review which illustrated the effects of acupuncture in comparison of other medications was conducted. This review focuses on ten clinical trials published between 2010 and 2020 in Google Scholar and two Chinese databases (i.e. WANGFANG DATA and ZHIWANG). The results have confirmed that acupuncture plays an important role in treating Anorexia, including improvement in patients' Quality of Life and anxiety relief. Evidence has also confirmed the positive effects of pricking Sifeng acupuncture point on treating Infantile Anorexia. In sum, acupuncture is a promising complementary therapy for treating eating disorders. However, further high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCT) with standardized acupuncture protocols are required for each specific eating disorder to validate the treatment effect.

Study on the causes of secondary cracks of the eave wall mural of Daxiong Hall at Fengguo Temple in Yixian, Liaoning, China

Built in Kaitai 9 years after the beginning of the Liao Dynasty (1020 A.D.), the Daxiong Hall of Fengguo Temple (Yixian County, Liaoning Province) is one of China’s largest existing ancient single-eave wooden architecture structures. In 2012, it was listed on the “Preliminary List of World Cultural Heritage in China.” Preserved Buddhist murals depicting the Yuan Dynasty cover approximately 470 m2 of the hall’s four walls. Since the in-situ reinforcement and protection of the mural, conducted in the 1980s in cooperation with the maintenance and restoration project of the main hall, seriously developed cracks—known as secondary cracks—have become a primary factor affecting the mural’s structural stability. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation using a full-frame digital camera, an industrial endoscope, an infrared thermal imager, an online environmental monitoring system, and a three-dimensional laser scanner. Our results, and other relevant materials, allowed us to deepen our understanding of the existing structural features, the nature of the cracks, the deformation conditions, and the environmental characteristics of the mural. Moreover, we provide a further discussion on the macroscopic formation process of the secondary cracks.

Cultural Reproduction: Ethnic Festivals as Intangible Cultural Heritage in China

Despite a considerable body of research focusing on the preservation and promotion of intangible cultural heritage (ICH), the actual impact of ICH on shaping the cultural life of local communities needs further acknowledgement. Since 2004, China has rapidly engaged with ICH and the associated practices stipulated by UNESCO. Based on a critical analysis of two cultural festivals in China, this study illustrates the impact of official heritage discourse on local communities. Heritage policies have adopted a particular understanding of “culture” that certifies and beautifies related cultural practices and products for commercial purposes. However, these processes of cultural reproduction transform community-based leisure activities into tourism consumption for an external public. Such changes legitimize and reinforce social inequalities within state-society relationships. This study contributes to the broader discussion on the “right to heritage” – whose rights and what rights should be considered in the issues that ICH creates as a form of cultural reproduction

Research on the Application of Computer Embroidery Skills in Modern Chinese Fashion Design

Chinese traditional manual embroidery has a long history, which is one of the important intangible cultural heritage in China. However, with the increasing social demand for embroidery, the traditional manual embroidery production capacity is too small and the price is high, computer embroidery and embroidery technology has an important market. With the optimization of artificial intelligence algorithms such as deep learning, computer embroidery skills have been gradually optimized, which has replaced manual embroidery in some aspects. In the clothing industry, computer embroidery skills have been widely developed. Through computer technology, designers can carry out three-dimensional modeling design, which is not achieved by traditional plane decoration. Therefore, computer embroidery technology can be gradually applied to the behavior and social factors of modern society, which will encourage the inheritance of national costume culture. First of all, this paper analyzes the current computer embroidery design. Then, this paper analyzes the steps of computer embroidery. Finally, this paper puts forward the application of computer embroidery techniques in modern Chinese fashion design.

From cultural symbols to commercial marks: a quantitative analysis of the trademark law protection of intangible cultural heritage in China

The issue of trademark law protection of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) is inevitably encountered in the conversion from cultural symbols to commercial marks. Although academic circles are still discussing this, the practice has already begun. This paper investigates the status of the trademark law protection of ICH in China from the perspective of the application and registration data of ICH trademarks. According to a quantitative analysis of 12 123 items of ICH trademark searching data in China, it can be seen that the trademark protection of ICH is not optimistic, the trademark use of ICH symbols is in a disordered state, and many ICH trademark applications may cause distortion, derogation, or dilution to the connotation of the ICH. As a result, excluding trademark squatting by outsiders and decentralized registrations by indigenous peoples, and orderly utilizing of ICH symbols under a collective trademark or a certification trademark, should be determined as the basic goal of trademark law protection of ICH. To achieve this goal, the solution of ‘exclusion plus unified utilization’ should be adopted in practice. According to this plan, indigenous peoples, the trademark office, courts, and the Center of ICH Protection need to collaborate and improve the trademark law protection of ICH through awareness-raising, actions, institutions, and information.

The Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage from the Perspective of Civic Participation: The Informal Education of Chinese Embroidery Handicrafts

Heritage education can enable social empowerment. Within the broader goal of social empowerment, a current challenge is to establish principles that promote social participation in traditional education. The practice of protecting intangible cultural heritage in China has developed its own unique working model based on the basic theoretical level of UNESCO. This research used cultural citizenship as a theoretical guide, focused on the traditional embroidery craftsmanship of China’s intangible cultural heritage, and conducted exploratory research on the learning intention and value influence indicators of citizens participating in intangible cultural heritage. The research design of this study was divided into two phases: the first phase was designed to collect evaluation indicators that affect the learning of intangible cultural heritage skills, and to support these data using semi-structured in-depth interviews. In the second phase, the convergence of the value indicators that affect the learning of intangible cultural heritage techniques was completed using questionnaire surveys and statistical analyses. Factor analysis was performed using SPSS software. SEM (structural equation modeling) confirmatory analysis was performed using Amos software. Through a two-stage hybrid study, a value recognition scale for the informal educational inheritance of intangible cultural heritage handicrafts was obtained within the local context of China. The scale contains four first-level indicators (ICH’s authenticity, cultural identity, performed value, and social recognition) and 17 second-level indicators. The research results were based on UNESCO’s education indicators for SDG 4, and put forward principles for practices aimed at protecting China’s intangible cultural heritage’s local informal education. Reflecting on the Chinese tradition of citizen participation in protecting intangible cultural heritage could provide references for the practice of intangible cultural heritage protection in other fields and regions. This is consistent with the UN’s SDG 4.7 (ensure all learners acquire knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development).

New Space for City Communication: A Study on Culture Transmission by Nanjing Metro

The media on which the communication of city image depends are becoming more and more diversified. Subway, a kind of public transportation which is cheap and convenient, is not only a popular way of travel, but also an important carrier to spread city culture. No matter at home or abroad, in big or small cities, the cultural atmosphere of subway is getting stronger. The subway is not only a space for traffic and interpersonal communication, but also a space for cultural transmission. As one of the cities with the most cultural heritage in China, Nanjing pays special attention to cultural transmission in the design of subway in all aspects. This article analyzes the present situation and problems of cultural communication by Nanjing metro, and puts forward some pertinent measures for its sustainable development.

Culturological Interpretation of the Protection and Development of Intangible Cultural Heritage under the Background of Creative Industries—— Taking Nanjing Baiju and Sardinian Pastoral Songs as Examples

The creative industry is an important path for the development of culture and art in modern society. The core of the creative industry is culture and artistic creativity. The protection and development of cultural heritage and creative industry are inseparable. This paper will analyze the protection and development of the two types of intangible cultural heritage in China and the West with creative industries as the backdrop, and try to analyze it from a culturological perspective.

Survival of Folk Sports–Related Cultural Heritage in China

The modernization of governance in a society is not inconsistent with traditional culture. Modern governance should draw on the experience and wisdom contained in traditional culture. Protecting the heritage of a rich traditional culture not only provides a foundation for the modernization of governance, but it is also an obligation of that process. Folk traditional cultural heritage is the starting point of governance for society, and it is an important task of current governance to endow traditional cultural heritage with the significance of the times. This study reveals the different manifestations of the local rural clan, village cadres, folk sacrifice organizations, villagers, and local administrative institutions, in dealing with conflicts between folk sports–related cultural heritage and modernity. It also shows how the village cadres use folk sports–related culture in village governance and enliven the sports culture.

Digital protection and reflection on Tibetan ghee sculpture art of intangible cultural heritage in China

China’s Tibetan ghee sculpture art is the first batch of works of art approved by the state council to be included in the national intangible cultural heritage list. This paper mainly studies the origin, digitalization and intelligent protection of the Tibetan butter sculpture art in China, and also explores and attempts to effectively protect the intangible cultural heritage with modern science and technology. We hope that more people will understand, inherit and protect the fine traditional culture of the Chinese nation, and that our cultural confidence will continue to advance to new levels.

Digital Protection Mode of Intangible Cultural Heritage in China

China is a country with a history of 5,000 years and has a rich cultural heritage. After thousands of years of sedimentation, many Chinese cultural heritages have been preserved. However, China’s protection of historical and cultural heritage started relatively late, and there are still many places that are not perfect, and digital protection work is relatively late. China is currently in a period of rapid economic transformation and unbalanced social development. In such a short period of development, there are still many problems that need to be solved in digital protection. Although China's research on cultural heritage protection has made certain research results, due to its late start and its relatively backward technology, China still needs to cooperate with foreign countries to launch large-scale projects. It is imperative for our country to strengthen the construction of museums and cultural heritage institutions. It is necessary to strengthen the standardized management of cultural heritage, and it is necessary to maintain cultural subjects and improve the security status of cultural heritage. At the same time, through the digitalization of cultural heritage information resources and the construction of a resource sharing platform, the digitalization of cultural heritage protection will be disseminated through new media. Finally, this paper predicts the future development direction of digital cultural heritage protection based on modern Chinese science and technology protection based on modern science and technology.

Gods and Demons, Beauties and Zombies: through the pages of Chinese educational magazine “Cultural Heritage of China”

This work reviews the Chinese cultural and mass-educational magazine “Cultural Heritage of China” going through several issues of the magazine - those of 2016, 2017 and 2020 years. The brief history of how the magazine was established and structured is given in the first paragraphs. Following are the reviews of the magazine’s issues about the vestimental culture of China, the sensitive question of borrowing elements of Chinese culture into the Japanese oral tradition, the history of state examinations. In the last part of the review I analyze the contents of the special issue on Chinese spirits and demons.

The Creation and Thinking of Popular Science Micro-Animations——Taking the Series of the Popular Science Micro-Animations of the Important Agricultural Cultural Heritage in China for Example

The Creation and Thinking of Popular Science Micro-Animations——Taking the Series of the Popular Science Micro-Animations of the Important Agricultural Cultural Heritage in China for Example

Research on Public Participation in Recording Intangible Cultural Heritage in Rural Area

Being an important part of cultural heritage, intangible cultural heritage (hereinafter referred to as “ICH”) needs to be passed down from generation to generation. Seemed as the gene of national cultures, ICH is very important for the development and prosperity of human culture, for the development of social economy and civilization, and for the identity of individuals and ethnic groups. Since the publication of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2003, ICH safeguarding activities have been fully implemented throughout the world. Recording ICH is a basic and important way to safeguard ICH, this way plays an important role and has been widely approved throughout China and other countries. It has been applied in many ICH item safeguarding, such as Nanjing Yunjin, Qinhuai Lantern Festival. As we all know, ICH resources are very rich in China. There are 39 ICH items have been listed in “ the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity”, 1,372 ICH items have been listed in “the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in China”. There are a large number of famous and not famous ICH items scattered in urban areas. To record so many ICH resources, it is not enough to rely on the power of the government. As the creator and inheritor of ICH, the public should play an important role in the safeguarding activities. Attracting the public to participate is a prerequisite of ICH safeguarding. Through questionnaires, interviews and other research methods, this paper introduces the public’s awareness and attitude about recording ICH, and their ability and willingness to participate in ICH safeguarding activities. Based on the current status, It analyzes the advantages of public participation in the protection of ICH , and the disadvantages, opportunities and threats are also analyzed. Based on the international principle of “government-led, public participation”, this paper proposes to construct a “folk-government” model to optimize the quality of recording ICH. To ensure the quality of public participation, it further points out that some measures should be taken, such as strengthen the government leadership to provide necessary support, identifying their advantages and responsibilities of different participants to joint, expanding the participation content and diversifying the participation method. These measures are all aimed at promotion the safeguarding and inheriting the ICH.