Cultural Heritage Areas Research Articles

Cultural Heritage Literacy of The Students of Information Management: The Case of Hacettepe University

Protection of cultural heritage products in a sustainable manner requires the information concerning those products to be accessible, usable and shareable. Even the skills of cultural heritage literacy, which form the basis of this process, are important for everyone, these skills are much more necessary for information professionals who have the responsibility to provide service in the area of cultural heritage. Evaluating cultural heritage literacy skills of information professional candidates, carries a great importance in order to understand whether they have adequate qualification while serving as a professional and to determine necessary training subjects they need. In this study, it is aimed to determine the current situation of the students of Hacettepe University Department of Information Management on cultural heritage literacy. For this purpose, a questionnaire of 28-question was sent to 356 undergraduate students via e-mail in 2018-2019 Spring Semester. 142 students answered to whole questionnaire. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and a chi-square test. Findings showed that most of the participants have efficient cultural heritage literacy skills, and they have dominant competences in recognizing their information necessities regarding cultural heritage and sharing their cultural heritage information. It is considered beneficial especially for information professionals who have functions of protecting and transferring cultural heritage to the next generations, to add courses or course contents directly related to cultural heritage literacy to undergraduate programs of Information and Record Management Departments.

ADAPTATION OF ARCHITECTURAL STYLE TO PRESERVE CULTURAL HERITAGE BUILDING Case Study: Vihara Dewi Welas Asih-Cirebon

Abstact – Indonesia is an archipelago that is located between two continents, Asia and Australia, also between two oceans, the Pasific and the Indian ocean. This prospers in the commercial activity. Because of the location, costal cities are more easy to reach, foreigner that drop in have significant impact to these cities, for example Cirebon, a costal city that lies in the north east part of West Jawa. Various foreigners that drop in and also stay in Cirebon could be seen by the heritage, one of them is the Vihara Dewi Welas Asih. The temple as a house of worship for Konghucu religion is easy to be known by the colour and Chinese specific architectural style. The city development pushes to changes, as to the Vihara Dewi Welas Asih, renovation and additional buildings is inevitable. This paper is to study the architectural style applied to the additional buildings surrounding the temple. By observation the architectural style of the new building is recognised, also how the context of the new building compare to the temple. It is expected that the new architectural style will be in harmony with the Vihara Dewi Welas Asih architectural style. It is also expected that intervention by the Local Government in organizing the alteration so the Cultural Heritage area is well maintained, become a tourist destination site giving a positive impact to the continuity of the Cultural Heritage building in Cirebon city. Keywords – architectural style addaptation, Vihara Dewi Welas Asih, Cultural Heritage Building

Measuring resident place attachment in a World Cultural Heritage tourism context: the case of Hoi An (Vietnam)

ABSTRACT Human attachment to place has been widely discussed in the tourism literature to explain the attitudes and behaviours of tourists towards destinations. Less is known about the place attachments of local residents and this may be particularly important where tourism impacts places of cultural significance. This paper examines how the attachment to place of local residents has been structured in the context of a World Cultural Heritage area. Data collection was conducted through two stages involving 38 semi-structured interviews followed by a survey with 405 local residents in Hoi An Ancient Town (Vietnam). The results revealed that local residents developed a positive and close attachment with the heritage of their hometown. Resident place attachment was found to be an overarching concept represented by the correlated dimensions of place affect, place identity and place dependence. The scale developed in the study can be used to measure the role of World Cultural Heritage status in the formation of relationships between residents and tourist places.

Expanding use of archaeology in climate change response by changing its social environment

Climate science has outlined targets for reductions of greenhouse gas emissions necessary to provide a substantial chance of avoiding the worst impacts of climate change on both natural and human systems. How to reach those targets, however, requires balancing physical realities of the natural environment with the complexity of the human social environment, including histories, cultures, and values. Archaeology is the study of interactions of natural and social environments through time and across space. As well, the field of cultural resources management, which includes archaeology, regularly engages with values such as site significance and allocation of funding that the modern social environment ascribes to its own history. Through these two approaches, archaeology has potential to provide both data for and methods of addressing challenges the global community faces through climate change. To date, however, archaeology and related areas of cultural heritage have had relatively little role in the global climate response. Here, we assess the social environment of archaeology and climate change and resulting structural barriers that have limited use of archaeology in and for climate change with a case study of the US federal government. On this basis, we provide recommendations to the fields of archaeology and climate response about how to more fully realize the multiple potential uses of archaeology for the challenges of climate change.

Neutron Guide Building instruments of the Brazilian Multipurpose Reactor (RMB) project

A growing community of scientists has been using neutrons in the most diverse areas of science. In order to meet the researchers demand in the areas of physics, chemistry, materials sciences, engineering, cultural heritage, biology and earth sciences, the Brazilian Multipurpose Reactor (RMB) will provide 3 thermal guides and 3 cold guides, with the installation of several instruments for materials characterization. In this study, we present a standard design requirement of two primordial instruments, namely Sabi'a and Araponga. They are, respectively, cold and thermal neutron instruments and correspond to a Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) and High-Resolution Powder Neutron Diffractometer (HRPND) to be installed in the Neutron Guide Building (N02) of RMB . To provide adequate flux for both instruments, we propose here an initial investigation of the use of simple and split guides to transport neutron beams to two different instruments on the same guide. For this purpose, we use Monte Carlo simulations utilizing McStas software to check the efficiency of thermal neutron transport for different basic configuration and sources. By considering these results, it is possible to conclude that the split guide configuration is, in most cases, more efficient than cases that use transmitted neutron beams independently of source. We also verify that the employment of different coating indexes for concave and convex surfaces on curved guides is crucial, at least on simulated cases, to optimise neutron flux (intensity and divergence) and diminish facility installation cost.

Artırılmış ve sanal gerçeklik teknolojilerinin Isparta ilinin kültürel miras alanlarında uygulanabilirliği üzerine bir literatür taraması

Dünya’da artırılmış gerçeklik (AR) ve sanal gerçeklik (VR) teknolojisinin askeri, sağlık, eğitim gibi birçok alandaki uygulamaların her geçen gün çeşitlenerek daha fazla kullanılmaya başlandığı görülmektedir. Turizm alanında da bu teknolojinin kullanılması ile yaşanan değişimin takip edilmesi ve uygulanması rekabet avantajı açısından önemli olmaktadır. Rekabetin ise sadece işletmeler arasında yaşanmadığı marka şehir olma yolunda illerin rekabetine ve dünya turizm pazarından daha fazla pay alabilmek için ise ülkelerin rekabetine tanık olunmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, Türkiye’nin birçok ilinde AR ve VR uygulamalarının hayata geçirilmeye başlandığı görülmektedir. Isparta’da ise henüz bir kültürel miras alanında AR ve VR uygulamalarına rastlanılmamış olması bu çalışmanın gerçekleştirilme nedenlerinden biri olmaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın amacı, kültürel miras alanlarında gerçekleştirilen AR ve VR uygulamalarını ortaya koymak ve turizme sağladığı katkıları tespit etmektir. Aynı zamanda Isparta’da AR ve VR teknolojisinin uygulanabileceği kültürel miras alanlarını tespit etmek amaçlanmış olup kültürel miras alanları olarak antik kentler (ören yerleri), müzeler, kiliseler, camiler ve kaleler ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada, literatür taraması tekniği kullanılarak kültürel miras alanlarındaki AR ve VR teknolojisi ile ilgili ulusal ve uluslararası ikincil verilerden faydalanılmıştır. AR ve VR teknolojisinin kültürel miras alanlarında kültürel değerleri korumak, yaymak ve turist deneyimini zenginleştirmek amacıyla gerçekleştirildiği belirlenirken, alanda ziyaretçi sayılarını arttırması, tanıtım çalışmalarına katkısı olması gibi olumlu değerler sağladığı da görülmektedir.

Spatial Distribution of Cultural Heritage in ASEAN Countries Based on GIS

In this paper, 546 representative cultural heritage resources in ASEAN countries are taken as research samples, and their spatial distribution, regularities of distribution and distribution densities are quantitatively studied by spatial autocorrelation and kernel density estimation to explore their distribution laws. The results show that: (1) As a whole, the spatial distribution of cultural heritage in ASEAN countries shows positive autocorrelation, with obvious spatial clustering. (2) Spatially, the core cultural heritage areas of ASEAN countries are centered on Myanmar and Thailand; the secondary cultural heritage areas are centered on Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Malaysia and Singapore; and the marginal areas are cultural heritage distribution areas composed of Brunei, Indonesia and the Philippines. (3) Topographically, cultural heritages in ASEAN countries are concentrated in areas with flat terrain, convenient transportation, developed economy and large population. Based on the above conclusions, ASEAN countries should integrate policies, markets and management in terms of tourism development, so as to reduce the tourism costs of tourists and expand the tourism market.

Accounting Treatment for Heritage Assets: A Case Study on Management of Pari Temple

Research Aims : This research is conducted to find out how the accounting treatment of the Heritage Asset, Candi Pari, how the assets are recognized, recorded and reported in the financial statements using a case study viewpoint. Design/Methodology/Approach : The Researchers collected the research data in three phases; first, the Researcher interviewed informants or sources from relevant department or manager of Candi Pari, namely the Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya, Jawa Timur (BPCB), second, the researcher checked documents of the Heritage Assets Candi Pari, how it’s recognized, as what, recorded, until now the value of Heritage Assets is, and the last data searching. Methods of data analysis in research is divided into three stages, first, data reduction, data selection, concentration, attention, abstraction and transforming the raw data from the field, second, the data display, presents data in the narrative and tables form to explain the phenomenon under study and the last is the conclusion. Research Findings : The results of this study is the recognition of the BPCB Jawa Timur is that Candi Pari is recorded as a plant asset, and Candi Pari is deliberate without value, so the Heritage Assets can not be traded. The amount of this recording conforms with based government accounting standards (PSAP) no. 07 the year 2010 statement no 69 that Heritage Assets must be recorded in the number of units without value. Theoretical contribution/Originality : The research contributes to find out how the accounting treatment of the Heritage Assets Candi Pari Practitioner/Policy implication : Heritage assets are a material cultural heritage in the form of cultural heritage objects, cultural heritage buildings, cultural heritage structures, cultural heritage sites and cultural heritage areas on land or in water that needs to be preserved because they have essential values for history, science, education, religion, or culture through the determination process. Research limitation/Implication : The limitation of this research is that it has only a few informants since, in order to improve the effectiveness of research time, the researcher focuses more on the accounting treatment for Pari Temple as heritage assets.

The Awareness Level of Building Owners to Conserve Cultural Heritage Area in Kotagede, Yogyakarta

The concept of cultural heritage conservation is not only about architecture but also about people / communities who are related to cultural heritage. The local community is one of the actors who play a role in the conservation of cultural heritage areas. There are 41,7% of Kotagede's old buildings that are not maintained, damaged, and extinct. Building changes were carried out by the owner itself. Therefore, it is important to identify the level of awareness of old building owners to conserving the Kotagede area. The research method used quantitative research. The respondents in this study were the owners of the old building Kotagede. The research data were collected using a questionnaire and observation. The likert scale aims to determine the level of awareness of building owners. The results of this study indicate that the condition of building owners can affect the conservation awareness of building owners. The limited conservation information causes the owners to change the old buildings. The problem of building heritage causes owners to have doubts about the sense of ownership of old buildings. The building owners, who have a medium and low economic level, feel unable to spend on building maintenance costs. The old building was located near the modern environment so that the owners became affected, breaking the government rules, and cared less so that the authenticity of the old building forms became reduced. The conclusion of this study shows that the awareness of the owners' buildings is still at a doubt level. It means that actually, the owners already understand that it is significant to conserve their old buildings. However, they have not been able to do it optimally because there are still obstacles that hinder them.

Resilience of cultural landscape heritage study in spatial tourism context

Resilience is regarded as a capacity to adapt to the dynamic condition as a management to avoid disturbance and disaster. All this time, resilience is always embedded in local people’s values. Actually in the tourism case, there is a resilience approach to avoid the disaster because of tourism activities or over tourism case. Tourist visits have created problems when local people or spatial spaces are unable to accommodate tourist needs. Based on this phenomenon today, it is important to focus on resilience thinking on tourist area, especially in this case cultural landscape heritage area. Resilience must be understood as the main aspect to explore the potential and the capability to adapt to the dynamic condition that is always changing. In architecture and planning approach, spatial is a human space that can show an interaction between human and nature with culture as media and all of them must be regarded as a holistic system with equilibrium and balance. In this study, the definition of resilience was explored by content analysis based on exploration of many texts in journals and books. It was then discussed by dialog theory between tourist, cultural landscape and resilience. Understanding resilience of cultural landscape with content analysis will create several conclusions that can become reference to tourism cases. To support the theory, this paper described one case of a tourist area chosen as national tourism destination that is Toba Lake area in North Sumatera.

Government Effort through Urban Renewal for Maintaining Cultural Heritage Areas in Old City Semarang

The purpose of this study is to analyze government programs through urban renewal for sustainable development. Because the Old City of Semarang is one area that has experienced a decline in the quality of the environment and regional functions, an urban renewal program needs to be carried out because the old city is a historic area which is expected to improve the environment, community economic activities, social and historical value of the region. This study uses a quantitative approach with a non-probability sampling technique where it is a random sample of target people visiting the old city area. The analysis technique that supports this research is descriptive statistics, using Likert scale analysis and correlation analysis. The results of the report in this study are that urban renewal programs to realize sustainable development in the old city of Semarang produce benefits that can be felt by the community in physical, economic, social and cultural aspects.

ESTRATEGIA DE GESTIÓN PARTICIPATIVA TERRITORIAL PARA FORTALECER EL TURISMO CULTURAL: ZONA PATRIMONIAL DEL MUNICIPIO DE LEÓN, NICARAGUA

The International Council of Monuments and Historic Sites (ICOMOS) of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), through the International Charter for the Conservation of Populations and Historical Urban Areas (Letter of Washington, 1987) indicates that all the urban ensembles of the world are the material expression of the diversity of societies throughout history. Therefore, it is necessary to define objectives, methods and instruments to preserve the quality of their populations and to promote harmony between individual and collective life in them, perpetuating the heritage of humanity. The city of Leon Nicaragua houses the largest and most diverse historical and cultural heritage of Nicaragua and the most important in Central America. The main objective of this article is to show the partial results of the participatory management for the sustainable use of cultural resources in the heritage area of this city. By implementing coordination processes between public, private and local groups, different strategic lines were defined for the implementation of sustainable cultural tourism and zoning the city's cultural heritage area as part of a proposal for the territorial planning plan of the Historic Center of Leon for the year 2017.

Apropriações sociais do patrimônio cultural: exclusão ou inclusão?

The Brazilian preservation of the cultural heritage has built its history as a vanguard tool related to public policies, always using the concept of “right to the city”, which was finally consolidated by the 1988 Federal Constitution. What we see nowadays at the cultural heritage area in many cases is one praxis that could threaten this social function through an excessive care by withdrawing the cultural asset from daily life in order to protect as if they were at domes and if they only have compromises with past and future. In order to illustrate this issue, we show in this paper the case of the Station Square, in Belo Horizonte, in which the discrepancy between what is conceived by planners and what is experienced by citizen causes fragmentation in the use of the square and makes the existence of a social mix difficult.

Risk Analysis on the Construction Project of the Basement Building Under Jalan Pemuda-Yos Sudarso, Surabaya

The basement project that will build under the Pemuda-Yos Sudarso Surabaya road located in the center of Surabaya and the Class A cultural heritage area. The condition is likely to cause many problems during the construction. Such problems could be a risk factor and would affect the completion of the outcome of the work. Therefore the identification of risks to determine how to control risk becomes very important to improve the successful implementation of the project. This study uses questionnaire distributing instruments for respondents and interviews of resource persons deemed competent for risk allocation and risk response. Determination of risk identification variables based on common risk checking where initial risk identification is compiled based on interviews with competent resource persons, previous theoretical and research studies. Data analysis technique is assisted by probability impact matrix and statistical calculation to measure correlation level with Spearman rank followed by an interview with a resource to confirm risk allocation and risk response technique. There identified 28 (twenty-eight) risks; there are 4 (four) risks affecting the cost of completion of the project that is dominant (Unacceptable) and 16 (six)) risks including the category of being or not expected (Undesirable). For the risk of impacting project completion time, there are 5 (five) dominant risks and 17 (seventeen) risks including medium or unexpected category. From the analysis, there are 16 (sixteen) risks that correlate to cost and 23 (twenty-three) risks that correlate to the project completion time. There are 9 (nine) risks allocated by Owner, 4 (four) risks allocated by Design Consultant 8 (eight) risks ownership of Contractor, 1 (one) risk allocation of Supervisory Consultant/CM, 4 (four) risks allocated by Service Provider (Designer, Supervisor / CM, & Contractor), 4 (four) risks as joint risks.

KAJIAN PELESTARIAN KAUMAN SEMARANG SEBAGAI KAWASAN WISATA RELIGI

Preservation of the area is an effort to protect and maintain the authenticity and historical value in an area dynamically, which is carried out not only to get the purpose of building maintenance but functionally can generate revenue and profits for the region. Based on the RTRW Kota Semarang 2011-2031, Kauman is one of the cultural heritage areas. There are two types of historical heritage buildings in the Kauman area, Masjid Agung Semarang and several ancient houses which have Arabic architecture. Some old buildings were not maintained and neglected and have not received the attention of the government so that many experienced changes in the form and style of architectural buildings. Moreover, Kauman, which is known as a village with a high religious nuance, fades its values, character, and culture as the times progress. Therefore the purpose of this study is to study the preservation of Kauman Semarang as a religious tourism area. The research method in this study uses qualitative descriptive analysis with data collection techniques in the form of interviews and observations. The results of this study are preservation that is supported by the development of religious tourism in Kauman. The development is carried out on facilities and infrastructure for tourism support and tourism potential in Kauman in the form of culinary tours and religious education from Islamic boarding schools.

Digital Twin for Everything: Some Pilot Studies

Digital twin for everything has been proposed as a novel idea to implement digital transformation in the 4.0 era. Beyond the industrial applications, more 70 experimental prototype systems have been developed by the author so far to demonstrate its feasibility and general availability for applying digital twins in cultural heritage and knowledge dissemination areas. A universal methodology is developed based on knowledge-graphs and future Internet technologies to implement a goal-oriented resources integration and provide high-value cultural and knowledge cloud services, which can be co-created and shared by people, towards building an ideal cultural and knowledge ecosystem.

Marble Slurry’s Impact on Groundwater: The Case Study of the Apuan Alps Karst Aquifers

Modern sawing techniques employed in ornamental stones’ exploitation produce large amounts of slurry that can be potentially diffused into the environment by runoff water. Slurry produced by limestone and marble quarrying can impact local karst aquifers, negatively affecting the groundwater quality and generating a remarkable environmental and economic damage. A very representative case-study is that of the Apuan Alps (north-western Tuscany, Italy) because of the intensive marble quarrying activity. The Apuan Alps region extends over about 650 km2; it hosts several quarries, known all over the world for the quality of the marble extracted, and a karst aquifer producing about 70,000 m3/day of high-quality water used directly for domestic purposes almost without treatments. In addition, Apuan Alps are an extraordinary area of natural and cultural heritage hosting many caves (about 1200), karst springs and geosites of international and national interest. During intense rain events, carbonate slurry systematically reaches the karst springs, making them temporarily unsuitable for domestic uses. In addition, the deterioration of the water quality threatens all the hypogean fauna living in the caves. This paper provides preliminary insights of the hydrological and biological indicators that can offer information about the impact of the marble quarrying activities on groundwater resources, karst habitats and their biodiversity.

Obtención de modelos 3D de estructuras de patrimonio cultural-urbano con el uso de tecnología escáner láser y SIG, como instrumentos para el desarrollo local

En el presente proyecto se propone la utilización de la tecnología láser para obtener modelos tridimensionales, con una alta precisión en un período relativamente corto de tiempo. En Ecuador existen pocos proyectos donde se utiliza esta tecnología para la obtención de datos geoespaciales. La importancia del presente proyecto es mostrar la utilidad del sistema escáner láser utilizando el Faro Láser Scanner Focus3D 130 para el registro de obras de alto valor Patrimonial. Las ventajas al utilizar la tecnología del escáner láser es la factibilidad para la toma de datos geoespaciales con alto nivel de detalle donde el rango de error es de 2mm. Con ello fue posible el desarrollo de ambientes virtuales de la fachada de “La Casona San Juanista” y la fachada de la Iglesia “La Compañía de Jesús”. Estas obras de Patrimonio Cultural fueron seleccionadas por la complejidad de su estructura, sus detalles y por su significativa importancia patrimonial para Ecuador. Con la obtención de los modelos 3D de ambas obras patrimoniales se demuestra que con este tipo de tecnología es posible la generación de modelos tridimensionales en el área de Patrimonio Cultural en corto tiempo y a su vez con alto nivel de detalle y precisión.

The Implication of Smart Environment on Old Palembang Cultural Heritage Places

Palembang as old city has many historical places in various conditions. Some of these places are still easy to be found, well maintained, abandoned as well as leaved as named without any physical evidences. The cultural heritage deals with modern live and the threat of extinction. In the internet era, the term smart environment for cultural heritage becomes another approach to conserve the historical artefacts. However, the conservation should also consider the non-physical aspect such as the relationship between people and the environment in the heritage place. This paper elaborate the use of people place relationship in determining the smart implication at the at Palembang cultural heritage area. To achieve this aim, study have two objectives; (1) examining how people of historical places attached to their living environment as well as their city, (2) determining the level of potency of historical places to find the appropriate smart strategy for conservation. Place attachment was measured through questionnaires filled by the 136 residents from seven old urban kampongs in Palembang. Then, results from this were confirmed by respondents understanding on the history of place and their visiting experience to determine the potency of historical places. Those statistical analyses used PASW v.19. The result shows three groups of heritage places at Palembang cultural heritage area; the ones with high, medium and low attachment in urban scale. The smart strategy can be applied at medium and low attachment to rebirth and strengthen the attachment to the places. The use of virtual reality on these places is the appropriate strategy for smart heritage conservation. The combination between Virtual Reality and multimedia technologies will support the development at historical places of Palembang.

Application of augmented reality and close range photogrammetry technology for mapping of cultural heritage areas (case study: Ai Renung Site, Sumbawa Regency)

The Ai Renung site is the first megalithic complex site on Sumbawa that has 8 sarcophagus objects and has been used as an ancient park by the NTB Provincial Cultural Heritage Preservation Hall. Unfortunately, until now it does not have a cultural heritage map that describes the location and condition of the site, so the presentation of spatial information that describes the location is not conveyed to tourists. In this study, an augmented reality application was made from a combination of 3D model visualization and orthophoto maps. Augmented reality application is implemented on an Android device. Application users can see the visualization of the 3D sarcophagus model virtually using an Android device when scanning one of the markers found on the Ai Renung Site Cultural Heritage Map. This study also analyzes 3D models and orthophoto. The results of the control point analysis on orthophoto, the RMSE value of 0.293 m was produced. Based on the CE90 test of the RMSE value, orthophoto can be used as a base map in making Cultural Heritage Zone Maps with a scale of 1: 1000 and entering into order class 3. As for forming a 3-dimensional model, most 3D model objects have RMSE values that are less than 0.5 m. So that it meets the Level of Detail 3 order criteria.