As an important part of the development of social and cultural undertakings, public library (a public cultural facility that is open to the public free of charge, collects, collates and saves documents and information, provides inquiry, borrowing and related services, and carries out social education) undertakes the important mission of promoting social civilization and progress and improving the quality of citizens.In order to improve the efficiency of public libraries, access convenience is an important issue that must be paid attention to when constructing and layout them. This article uses the basic theories and research methods of spatial statistics, taking Beijing as an example, to analyze the urban population distribution trend, library surrounding facilities construction, and urban transportation development status that affect the accessibility of public libraries. Based on the problems existing in the accessibility of Beijing Public Library, suggestions are proposed to improve the accessibility of the library from three aspects: spatial fairness in layout, strengthening the construction of grassroots libraries, and coordinating the layout of surrounding areas.