Public Space as Urban Cultural and Tourism Education Facility with Historical Atmosphere

This research was conducted to identify changes in the area of ​​public and private green open space in Jambi City and to identify the factors that influence changes in the area of ​​green open space. This type of research is descriptive quantitative. The research was conducted in Jambi City, and was conducted from June to September 2020. Data collection techniques were obtained through observation and documentation. Data amalisis technique is obtained through spatial and descriptive analysis. The results showed that: (1) In the 2015-2019 period, the area of ​​public Green Open Space (RTH) in Jambi City decreased, which decreased by 2,223.23 hectares from the original 2015 amounting to 10,167.67 hectares to 7,937.44 hectares in 2019 and the area of ​​private green open space in 2015 has increased from an area of ​​6,983.74 hectares to 9,206.97 hectares in 2019; (2) the factors that influence the change in the area of ​​public green open space are health facilities, educational facilities, and economic facilities, while the factor affecting the change in the area of ​​private green open space is population density.

Kepanjen as the capital of Malang Regency continues to improve, in addition to being equipped with various public facilities and green open spaces, it will also be used as a pilot as a green city by the Regency Government. Currently Kepanjen City already has several public green open spaces, but the existing public open green space still does not meet the standard area of green open space of a region. Therefore this study will evaluate the availability of public green open space in Kepanjen City. This study aims to find out the distribution of public green open space in the Kepanjen City Center. The method used in this study is evaluative descriptive, how to obtain data by field observations, interviews and recording. Based on the results of the survey and analysis that the public green open space in the Kepanjen City Center Area consists of railroad borders, river borders, cemeteries, and green roads. Railroad green open space along 3 km along the railroad tracks, each river has been protected by green open space river border, in the central area of Kepanjen City has two public cemeteries and one Chinese cemetery which also functions as a green open space, and the Green Roadway in Kepanjen urban area is located on Panglima Sudirman street, Kawi, Panji street, Sultan Agung street, and Dr Wahidin Sudirohusodo street.

The field of architecture has experienced spectacular developments over the years. This is because in the Public open space is a concept of space to accommodate people from all walks of life and backgrounds, in the sense that public open space must also consider the existence of people with disabilities. Community activity is one of the factors that can affect the utilization and sustainability of green open space. High community activity in green open space can increase community participation in the management and maintenance of green open space, so that green open space can be healthier and sustainable. However, uncontrolled community activities can cause damage to green open space, so it needs good management so that community activities can be directed, especially in the formation of communal spaces. The purpose of this study is to formulate community preferences in terms of community involvement in the green open space area in Denpasar, to formulate the factors that influence the formation of communal spaces in public open spaces in Denpasar City, as well as to study and visualize the mapping of communal spaces that occur in green open spaces. in Denpasar. The steps taken to realize this research are Determining Community Preferences in Communities to find out the preferences of the community as a community in choosing activities to use public open spaces in Denpasar City. Then proceed with the identification of the factors that influence the formation of communal space, followed by the identification of Behavioral Setting and Behavioral Mapping to conduct a study of the behavioral setting and mapping that occur as a result of community activities and public space to produce a mapping of communal space in public space as a visualization of patterns and forms of communal spaces that occur in public spaces in the city of Denpasar.

Based on Spatial Planning Law No. 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning, Article 29 states that the proportion of public green open space is 20% of the city area. In Tebing Tinggi City, based on the 2013-2033 RTRW of Tebing Tinggi City, it is stated that Public RTH covers an area of ​​approximately 72.49 Ha or 1.89% of the city area, which means it is not in accordance with the mandate of Spatial Planning Law No. 26 2007 concerning Spatial Planning. This research was conducted to assess the availability of existing public green open space in Tebing Tinggi City based on image interpretation techniques, spatial distribution, the area of ​​existing public green open space, the service radius of existing public green open space, and the suitability of existing public green open space land. This type of research uses quantitative research and uses spatial analysis techniques. The results identified as many as 60 public green open spaces in Tebing Tinggi City with an accuracy score of 86.36%, which means that the interpretation is considered correct because the spatial distribution pattern of public green open spaces in Tebing Tinggi City is random because the distribution of public green open spaces is not evenly distributed in all sub-districts in Tebing Tinggi City. From the results of the spatial distribution pattern, digitization was then carried out with the result that the total public open space area was 105.27 Ha, which was dominated by the burial area of ​​59.67 Ha or 57.07%. Then, based on each area of ​​green open space obtained, a topological classification of public green open space is carried out, consisting of 7 typologies of green open space, namely City Forest, City Park, District Park, Village Park, RW Park, RT Park, Cemetery and Green Belt, which is then analyzed. Service radius. As a result, it is known that the City of Tebing Tinggi has not been served optimally by public green open space because there is not yet one type of public green open space typology that is capable of serving the city of Tebing Tinggi based on buffer analysis carried out using ArcGis. The only public green open space whose service radius almost covers the city of Tebing Tinggi is the cemetery whose existing existence is capable of serving 99.19 percent of the area of ​​the city of Tebing Tinggi. Finally, a land suitability analysis was carried out between the existing public green open space and the Tebing Tinggi City RTRW for 2013-2033 which resulted in land suitability of 79.92%. Meanwhile, the remaining 20.08% was designated for areas that were not public green open space.

Bekasi as part of the supporting area of the capital city of Jakarta, or known as Jabodetabek, has a total area of 210 square kilometers with a population of 2.7 million people, currently has a green open space as much as 15% of the city area. In accordance with the regulation of the Minister of Public Works No. 5 of 2008 on the provision and utilization of green open space in urban areas, every city must have 30% green open space. As for the allocation of 30% of green open space, its 20 5 is a public green open space and 10% is a private, green open space. Currently centered around Bekasi city there are 2 (two) green open spaces, one of which is the square Taman Kota Bekasi and the city forest of Bekasi. Both open spaces are public spaces with different activities. To know the activities of the Community conducted in the green open space in the central city of Bekasi, the research will be conducted by the way of combating activities that occur in the public space. Research using qualitative methods with a comparison approach. As for the comparison is done by looking at the activities that occur every day with an observation time before 12 noon and after 12 noon. Primary data is obtained through direct observation, while secondary data relating to theory is obtained through library studies. The conclusion is a description that can be used as reference for green open space arrangement.

Environment through the provision of parks and green open spaces (RTH), is carried out area and number of residents spread across the Jambi. urban areas is very necessary. Parks are needed to maintain land availability, as water catchment areas, which can play a role in helping water absorption, so that the supply of water in the ground (water saving) increases and reduces the potential for flooding, by reducing the amount of water runoff. This study used a quantitative descriptive method with research from the Jambi City Statistics Center (BPS). The research was carried out in the Administrative Region of Jambi City. The results of the analysis provision of public green space based on the area need for public green open space in Jambi City is 3,617.50 ha. The available public open space area is around 779.02 ha. Based on these results, there is a difference in the area of 2,838.48 ha, and the provision of public green open space based on population according to Minister of Public Works Regulation Number. 5 of 2008 it can be seen that the need for a park area in Jambi City is 1,243.70 ha. The available garden area is approximately 188,388.27 m2 or 18.84 ha. Based on these results, there is a difference in area shortage of 1,224.86 ha. Jambi City over the past 13 years (2020-2033) Some strategies Increasing the area of public open space in fulfilling intrinsic and extrinsic functions, socializing the availability of green space functions for life and the environment and Spatial planning that is equal to 20% for public open space from the total area of the city. The area of green open space in Jambi City is only 779.02 ha and is very far from the area of Jambi City which is ± 20,538 ha.

Green open space is one important component in developing an area. The proportion of the area of green open space in urban areas based on Law number 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning is 30% of the city area. The green open space is divided into several criteria, namely public green open space and private green open space. Public green open space is open space managed by the government whose use is intended for the community. In addition to the aesthetics of public green open space also functions as an air purifier, guardian of groundwater sustainability, a place for the development of various flora and fauna, also provides economic benefits for the community. Mangrove vegetation has the ability to fulfill the function of the green open space. When developed into an open public heiau space, mangroves can have a positive impact on environmental development. Mangrove vegetation has the ability to minimize the erosion and hydrological standby of the region. Besides, mangroves also have the ability to absorb carbon emissions so as to keep the environment air conducive. Mangroves that are well managed can also create new tourist sites that can improve the economy of the surrounding community.

The research location is located in the village of Pahandut Seberang as a new village developed by Pahandut Village. Pahandut Seberang Village has vacant land in the form of forests and swamps that have not yet been developed as one of the potential development areas. Identification of a new green open space potential area is using figure ground analysis and history of place analysis. The purpose of this study is to identify the potential of the green open space and the development of urban forest tourism. The potential location is expected Pahandut Seberang Village, District of Pahandut, City of Palangka Raya. This location is closed to the Kahayan riverside area as a pilot project to environmental management and sustainability area in the future. The method uses qualitative methods through observation, surveys and interviews. Physical analysis is to identify green open space area in Pahandut Seberang Village using field observations such as: (1) land use development, (2) green open space area, and (3) built up area. Non-physical analysis is using of indepth interview from Pahandut Seberang community as a part of real participation to maintain the green open space and forest area in the future.

High land requirements have an impact on land conversion. This study aims to calculate the accuracy of the results of mapping public green open space from ASTER and Sentinel-2A imagery, know the changes in green public space, calculate oxygen demand and the needs of green space in 2004 and 2019. The types of green open spaces that are interpreted visually include urban forests, river borders, cemeteries, fields, and city park. Oxygen demand is calculated by the gerrarkis method including livestock, industry, population, and motor vehicles. The mapping accuracy with the ASTER is 96% while the Sentinel-2A imagery is 90%. The mapping of changes in public green open space show that 17,62 km2 public green open space has not changed, increased 1,15 km2, and decreased 2,61 km2. Oxygen demand in 2004 was 1053531,92 kg/day with green open space needs covering 10,41 km2, while in 2019 it was 1923959,31 kg / day with Green Open Space needs covering 19 km2. The need for green space in 2004 has been fulfilled from public green space of 20,22 km2. In 2019 the area of public open green space is 18,77 km2, so that public open green space has not been able to fulfill the needs of overall green open space.

Green open space in cities is one of the environmental controls. In residential spatial planning, green open space is very necessary in the form of green belts and passive or active parks. Sustainable development must be supported by adequate residential green space, which must fulfill the function of absorbing CO2, increasing the volume of groundwater and being useful as a flood controller. The availability of green open space for the community can increase the aesthetic value of a city’s environmental area and can function as an economic value [9]. This research aims to determine the extent of green open space in Sragen City. From this research, we can analyze the development and need for green open space in Sragen City to study and develop a green city and a balanced environment. This research is aimed at understanding the area of green open space in Sragen City. From this research, we can analyze the development and need for green open space in Sragen City to study and develop a green city and a balanced environment. Sufficiency of green open spaces Needs Based on Area and City Area Sragen City’s green open spaces do not meet the minimum requirement of 30%. Of the green open space, the city forest managed by environmental services is included in it with an area of 2,500 m2. However, Sragen City’s green open space looks large because it includes moorlands, residential forests, state forests, and ponds. Meanwhile, 130.17 Ha is land managed by the Sragen City Regency Government. This research uses primary and secondary methods. To obtain a map of the green open space area of the research area, Quickbird image analysis is required. From the results of the research, it was concluded that the management and efforts to provide sufficient green open space were adequate, but in terms of area, the proportion of green open space that was determined was still not sufficient. There are seven types of green open space in Sragen City, namely in the form of urban forest green open space, green lane green open space for roads, pedestrian, open space, river border green open space, cemetery green open space, private and community property building green open space, as well as plantation and resident’s yard green open space.

Rapid development and increasing population causes the green open space in Jakarta is decreasing in size every year. Green open space is one of the keys to the sustainability of a city. The purpose of this study was to analyze the area of green space, green space distribution, and deviation between the green zone plan of the Regional Regulation of RDTR PZ and existing green space in Jakarta using Geographic Information Systems. Based on satellite imagery in 2018, the area of green space in Jakarta is 3,473.94 ha (5.31%). The highest green space area in 2018 is in the green belt zone (H4) of 1,557.88 ha and the lowest in the urban forest zone (H1) is 235.13 ha. The green zoning plan based on the Regional Regulation on RDTR and PZ is only 7,520.96 ha (11.51%) and is far from the mandate stipulated in Law Number 26 Year 2007 and the Jakarta 2030 RTRW of 30%. The highest area of green open space in the Regional Regulation of RDTR and PZ is in the green belt zone (H4) of 4,539.40 ha and the lowest in the urban forest zone (H1) is 17,58 ha. Based on the comparison of the area of green space in 2018 with the green plan RDTR and PZ it is known that there are 4 administrative city areas that experience a shortage of green space, namely South Jakarta, East Jakarta, West Jakarta and North Jakarta, while for Central Jakarta it has exceeded the green plan specified.

Green Open Space (RTH) is an urban element that is very important to support all activities and life of the population. Basically, green open space is a natural element that plays an important role in creating a city that is proportional and environmentally friendly. According to the provisions in force, the proportion of green open space in urban areas is at least 30%. This step was taken by the government to ensure the balance of urban development. This study aims to describe the implementation of management policies and constraints in the arrangement of green open spaces in the city of Semarang experienced by the Spatial Planning Office and the Settlement and Housing Area Office of Semarang City. The approach used in writing this law is empirical juridical. In using the empirical juridical method, two approaches are used, namely the interview approach and field observations. In general, this interview approach uses trusted sources related to the problem being studied. Whereas in the direct observation approach the researcher goes directly to the field in researching the problems that are happening. Based on research results obtained in 2021 the area of public and private green open space is 1,042 ha and 4,025 ha private (15% of the city area) and in 2022 the area of public and private green open space is 2,580.585 (20.07% of the city area) ). It then explains the role of the Semarang City Government through the Spatial Planning Office and the Housing and Settlement Area Office in carrying out the implementation of the green open space arrangement policy. Next, the obstacles and solutions faced by the Semarang City Government will be explained in carrying out urban green open space planning.

This study was conducted with the aim of knowing changes in temperature in the urban forest green open space (RTH) area and in non-green open space areas in the Megamas Manado complex. This study uses a descriptive analytical design. In this study, there are microclimate variables and the determination of the sample using purposive sampling method. This study aims to test the hypothesis whether it is true that the temperature in the green open space area is lower than the temperature in the non green open space area. There are three data collection points, namely in the urban forest area, the Mega Mall area, and the Marina-2 Manado area. Based on the average temperature value, it shows that the temperature in the green open space is lower than the temperature in the non green open area. The statistical test results also state that there is a significant (significant) difference between the temperature in the green open space and the temperature in the non green open space. Therefore, this research concludes that the Green Open Space Area (RTH) can reduce solar energy, so that the temperature in the green open space area is lower than the temperature in the non-RTH area.

<em>Public space is an urban facility that serves as a forum for interaction and recreational activities of the community. However, the existence of Solo City’s public space which serves as an area of interaction, recreation society and urban green space become degraded. Until 2014 Solo City’s public green space reached 12.02% of the total is to be achieved by 20%. The impact of vandalism of Solo City’s public space reducing facial aesthetics and lowering the interest of the public to visit. As a problem-solving strategies, takes a public space planning that can accommodate recreational activities and community interaction and optimize its potential as a green open space that can preserve environmental sustainability. With the phenomenon of people's appreciation of community interest and talent of Solo City is high enough, it can be a potential concept of public space that can accommodate groups of community interaction and public recreation. The formulation of the problem in this design is how to plan and design a community park as efforts increase green open space that can accommodate groups of community interaction and recreation community in Solo with Green Architecture approach . Thus it can be formulated Taman Komunitas planning objectives aligned with the Rencana Strategis (RENSTRA) Dinas Tata Ruang Kota Surakarta Tahun 2011–2015 to realize the addition of green open space which serves as the lungs of the city at the same time facilitate the activities of community interaction and recreation . Tangible public space planning to optimize its potential as a park with green open spaces are supported by a strategic approach to the concept of Green Architecture in order to achieve the target. The applied aspects of Green Architecture refers to the Greenship criteria set by the Green Building Council Indonesia. Four of these aspects include the right of land use, efficiency and energy conservation, water conservation, and health and comfort in the room. The application appears in the planning aspects of the design which utilizes the natural potential include the use of green roof , green walls , environmentally friendly materials , as well as planning refers to the Greenship benchmark..</em>

Green open space (GOS) plays a very important role in realizing a sustainable city and has a balance of ecological and psychological functions for urban communities. Green open space (GOS) can be divided into two categories, namely public GOS and private GOS, but only public GOS can still be controlled directly by the government. Until now, there has been no study regarding the use of public green open spaces in Denpasar City. The aim of this research is to identify the availability of public green open space in Denpasar City, analyze the implications of using public green open space in Denpasar City, and formulate strategies and policies for managing public green open space in Denpasar City. Data collection techniques in this research were interviews and questionnaires. The data analysis techniques in this research are qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis techniques to determine the availability of public GOS, SWOT analysis for the use of public RTH, and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine management strategies and policies. The availability of public green open space in 2011 was recorded at 2,341.48, or 18.32 percent. The availability of public green open space in 2019 was recorded at 1,572,990 hectares, or 12.49 percent. The difference between 2011 and 2019 was 768,490 ha, or 5.83 percent. The minimum area of public green open space in accordance with the regulations, namely 20 percent, was 1.68 percent in 2011 data and 7.51 percent in 2019 data. The implementation of the utilization of Denpasar City Public Green Open Space (GOS) based on the results of the analysis that has been carried out does not comply with the standards of Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 1 of 2007 concerning Arrangement of Green Open Space in Urban Areas and Minister of Public Works Regulation Number 5 of 2008 concerning Guidelines for Providing and Utilizing Green Open Space in Urban Areas. Management still needs to be improved both in terms of handling, security, and maintenance as well as maintaining the availability of existing public open space.