Cultural Destination Research Articles

Is tourism live streaming a double-edged sword? The paradoxical impact of online flow experience on travel intentions

ABSTRACT This study used a mixed method to investigate the dual effects of the flow experience provided by tourism live streaming (TLS) on tourists’ travel intentions and how such effects vary across different types of destinations. The results reveal that, in contrast to managers’ predictions, while flow experience from TLS may boost offline travel through inspiration, it can also increase tourists’ concern for substitutability and thereby reduce their travel intentions. Live streamers’ expertise positively moderates the positive effect of flow experience on inspiration. Furthermore, the negative impacts are more salient in highly reputable cultural destinations and natural destinations with limited reputation.

Tourists' satisfaction and sense of belonging in adopting responsible behaviors: the role of on-site and social media involvement in cultural tourism

PurposeThe study aims to analyze the relationship between tourists' satisfaction and their sense of belonging in a specific cultural destination by also investigating the moderating role of their on-site involvement, both offline (on-site activities at the destination) and online (social media activities). A further objective lies in exploring the relationship between tourists' sense of belonging and their adoption of environmentally responsible behavior while at the destination. Finally, the paper attempts to determine whether said behavior can predict tourists' pro-environmental behavior and recommendation intention.Design/methodology/approachTo reach these objectives, a survey and a structural equation model, based on a sample of 647 visitors of an important world Heritage site UNESCO (i.e. Urbino), have been adopted.FindingsFindings reveal a positive influence of sense of belonging on satisfaction and environmentally responsible behavior, which, in turn, influences pro-environmental behavior and Recommendation intention, thus triggering a virtuous process in the tourists' formation as responsible and loyal travelers. Moreover, results underline how the relationship between satisfaction and sense of belonging is significantly strengthened when tourists' on-site activity involvement increases. Conversely, the moderating role of social media involvement is not supported.Practical implicationsThe present study offers important implications for different actors in the tourism sector, such as policy makers, destination marketing organizations (DMOs) and tourism operators.Social implicationsThe present study explores the role of social media involvement, specifically during the tourist's holiday.Originality/valueThis study enriches the empirical evidence in the cultural tourism through an analysis focused on the tourists' perspective, especially by investigating the relationship between satisfaction and emotional constructs (i.e. sense of belonging) that are able to bring environmental and loyalty benefits to the destination. Moreover, although existing research has highlighted the positive influence of the tourists' involvement on their experience, there is a paucity of studies jointly analyzing the on-site and online activities in the sustainability field.

The Factors Influencing Tourist Decision-Making on Choosing a Cultural Destination

Purpose of the study: This paper aims to determine the factors influencing tourist behavior, particularly the decision-making on choosing a cultural destination.
 Methodology: This paper utilized the Exploratory factor Analysis research design to investigate indecisive problems to find out how people get along in the setting under question, what meanings they give to their actions, and what issues concern them. For the statistical tools, the study used descriptive statistics, factor analysis, frequency, and percentage. Also, the researchers used questionnaires and randomly gathered data online, which resulted in 581 respondents in Davao Region, Philippines.
 Main findings: Most of the respondents are female; college-level; ages 18 to 25 years old. The study reveals the factors influencing tourist decision-making on choosing a cultural destination Making Quality Value Accommodation and Accessibility the most important factor while security is the least. When analyzed according to profile, the study reveals that there is a significant difference in the factors influencing tourist decision-making on choosing cultural destination when analyzed according to sex, age, educational attainment, and the provinces within Davao Region Philippines.
 Limitations: The study is limited to tourists in Davao Region, Philippines.
 Social Implications: The result of the study indicates the essence of how tourists formulate decisions which is crucial for the making of competitive advantages of the cultural destinations. The study shows considerable results that are helpful for the development of Davao Philippines Cultural Tourism. Future researchers may utilize this study as their reference and pursue similar research. Lastly, this study was able to create a framework for factors influencing tourist decision-making on choosing cultural destinations.
 Originality/Novelty of the study: The result of the study contributes to the new body of knowledge by identifying the factors influencing tourist behavior, particularly the decision-making on choosing a cultural destination.

Events Innovation and Resilience During Uncertainty: Reflections from the Festival City!

As I sit at my desk, as the nights draw in and the temperatures fall, my mind is transported to the summer of 2022 and the re-emergence of Edinburgh as a Festival City (world leading apparently!) as it was the first time the festivals had been able to operate without strict COVID regulations. Edinburgh Festivals consists of 11 recurring events held in Edinburgh each year and before the pandemic struck, the August festivals combined (Edinburgh International Festival; Edinburgh Festival Fringe; Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo; Edinburgh International Book Festival and Edinburgh Art Festival) were the world’s third largest ticketed event, just behind the Olympics and football World Cup in scale, selling millions of tickets each year. Together, the five August festivals comprise over 5,000 events across Scotland’s capital, welcoming audiences of 4.4 million and over 25,000 artists, writers and performers from 70 countries and transform Edinburgh into a prominent cultural destination every summer (Festivals Edinburgh, 2020). This morning’s launch of the Edinburgh Festival Fringe Society’s review of the year 2022: an in-depth look at the work it has accomplished over the past 12 months also makes me reflect on the summer long gone. With unease caused by a new wave of COVID in early 2022, there was still uncertainty that a fully formed Fringe could take place this August and that Edinburgh would once again be a mecca for artists, tourists and industry to visit as the Festivals (Film, International and Fringe) celebrated their 75th year (Edinburgh Festival Fringe, 2022).

Examining the impact of the platform economy on Spain’s cultural destinations through the lens of free tours

PurposeFree guided walking tours are one of the most successful tourism segments in the digital platform economy. It is beginning to be associated with negative impacts in some of the destinations where it is spreading rapidly. Although the platform economy is generating increasing academic interest, the free tour model remains largely unexplored area in the literature. This study aims to examine how such activity affects cultural destinations.Design/methodology/approachFocussing on the largest Free Tours platform operating in Spain, GuruWalk, the methodology used analyses its impact in six cultural destinations on two of the sustainability dimensions: the territorial dimension and the governance, through an exploratory study.FindingsThe findings help to understand the differences that such activity generates in each destination depending on the phase of its life cycle, and to implement, if necessary, corrective measures. The research confirms that the impacts differ according to the tourist destination’s maturity, concluding that such activity contributes to the increase of tourist agglomerations and the overcrowding of cultural destinations in their middle and mature life cycles. The findings highlighted the importance of the role of local governance on free tour activity.Originality/valueThe main contribution is the association of the impacts they produce (especially in terms of massification) with destination life cycle phases. There were no similar precedents with a spatial or territorial analysis to reliably demonstrate not only that this activity has an impact on the territory but also what type of impact is produced.

ROMANIA AS A DESTINATION FOR CULTURAL AND HERITAGE TOURISM

Romania possesses a consistent heritage including cultural, historical and folkloric resources with a high potential for tourism valorization. Despite of this valuable heritage, the development of cultural tourism is still limited and more actions are needed to be undertaken for a better promotion and attraction of tourist flows in the most important cultural areas. Due to this potential and to recent massive operations of restoration and renovation of historical buildings, but also due to the improvement of services and education, Romania has succeeded to improve its supply for heritage tourism. In this paper we analyze the main issues related to the competitiveness of Romania as a cultural destination, we assess its place among other countries in Central and Eastern Europe, but also which were the recent developments on this topic. A detailed investigation has been performed regarding the main attractions and destinations for heritage tourism in Romania, including the cultural and intangible cultural heritage sites from Romania included on the UNESCO World Heritage list. Our conclusions go to the actions necessary for improving Romania’ s place on the market of cultural and heritage tourism, such as: improvements in the infrastructure for increasing the accessibility of the most important destinations, a more focused vision and enhanced strategy for the development and management of tourist attractions, more efficient actions for internal and international promotion, the adoption of appropriate management and marketing tools to make these objectives known, especially to international tourists etc.

Tri Hita Karana as a Bali Tourism Communication Strategy in Preserving Tourism Cultural Destinations

Objective:The aim of this research is to point out that Tri Hita Karana as a Bali tourism communication strategy in preserving tourism cultural destinations. The research background is the dilemmatic phenomenon of the development of the Bali tourism industry, which tends to lead to popular tourism, namely a tourism industry that is oriented towards pragmatic profits by building popular facilities, so that sacred areas that actually become increasingly differentiated.
 Methodology: The research paradigm is constructivism, so the main theory used is Berger and Luckmann's social construction of reality. This type of research is descriptive qualitative, completed by Barthes’s concept of semiotics.
 Results:The result shows that Tri Hita Karana is the most strategic message used for Bali tourism communication management. Overcoming the freedom of foreign cultures and the domination of infrastructure development that does not favor aspects of Balinese differentiation and the insight of Tri Hita Karana is a crisis for destinations that rely on profane means. Therefore, so that Bali is not trapped in the pragmatism of populist culture, the philosophy of Tri Hita Karana must be used as a marketing movement and management of the Bali tourism industry. The research findings are: at first, the concept of Balinese tourism communication as a result of the synthesis of message construction that Bali is open, but elements of transcendentalism must still be understood and implemented by any tourist. Second, the transformation of Bali's tourism industry policies that are more in favor of capitalism, so that the commitment to cultural tourism is unable to keep up with the rate of mass tourism. Third, policy implementation, which has not fully accepted the practical aspects of Tri Hita Karana, cultural tourism orientation, rural nuances and the maintenance of sacred areas.
 Implication:The implications of the research are: 1) the role of the Tri Hita Karana insight strategy as a shining culture, must be used as a guideline for the development of tourism infrastructure and superstructure, as well as the harmonization of Balinese people's life patterns. 2) Tourism communication in conveying Tri Hita Karana's insight, the communicators who must be involved are customary stakeholders and the government, using the universal Tri Hita Karana language, while the communicators are tourists and investors, using popular tourism as a cultural crisis message.

Through Time Of Angklung Kota Bandung

The objects of cultural development in Bandung city which is very developed is the art of Angklung. Angklung is one of the typical arts of West Java that has been around for a long time. The existence of Angklung in Bandung city has existed since 1930 before Indonesia's independence. Pioneered by Daeng Soetigna, angklung developed in Bandung from the pentatonic scale to the diatonic scale. The aim of this research is to describe the existence of Angklung in Bandung City as an ecosystem in Bandung City. The method used is descriptive qualitative by exploring the role of all members of the community from craftsmen to academics in maintaining the existence of Angklung in Bandung City. The results show that all categories of community who are involved and related to the art of angklung carry out preservation based on their respective roles, either groups of traditional, modern or contemporary Angklung players. The conclusion of this research is that every member of the community who is related to the art of Angklung, including the Angklung community, Angklung craftsmen, Angklung artists, academics, trainers and Angklung teachers have a major role in maintaining the existence of Angklung from time to time in Bandung city as a cultural heritage and cultural destination.

Community Support for Religious Tourism

In recent years, tourism has increased significantly, especially in developing countries, due to the development of infrastructures like good roads, well-connected airports, and hygienic accommodation facilities. However, the host community's attitude is critical for a tourism destination's strategic growth, development, and sustainability. As such, this study analyses attitudes and perceptions of the local community in Thrissur, a famous cultural destination in Kerala, India. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was adopted to develop a model for perceived tourism support with community attachment and overall quality of life. This model uses seven constructs: temple place image, economic benefits, social benefits, physical benefits, community attachment, overall quality of life, and perceived tourism support with forty-four attributes. The result indicates that Temple place image, socioeconomic and physical benefits, community attachment, and overall quality of life are predominant determiners for perceived tourism support of the local community.

Cultural destinations decision of solo-traveler: A network analysis at Dalat City

Studying the network about the ability or the trend of cultural destination selection will help to better view the reality and needs of tourists regarding cultural tourism products and services, the routes the most popular tour, or the “forgotten” destinations. This paper investigates survey results from two hundred solo-traveler, and Gephi 9.2 software to figure out the values of nodes, edges, and level of connectivity between cultural destinations of Dalat. Among the eight tourist attractions with the characteristic of being the most prominent heritage destination of Dalat, only four of the most popular tourist attractions include Space of gong culture, Bao Dai Summer Palace 3, The Lycée Yersin, and Lam Dong Museum. Heritage tourism routes that formed through the choice of visitors are the linking of the following hot spots, namely, Space of gong culture, Bao Dai Summer Palace 3, The Lycée Yersin, Lam Dong Museum, and Cathedral of Dalat Diocese. The combination of destination information promotion in the media and cultural events is seen as the solution for attracting the attention of solo tourists. Furthermore, the development of special tourism promotion programs aimed at these customers must consider package product packages, and promotional opportunities to spread the opportunity to reach the destination more effectively. These can be seen as key recommendations for increasing tourist attraction to Dalat’s cultural tourism in the near future.

Preferences and Perceived Value in Musical Events: Guitar Festival of Córdoba (spain)

The main aim of this article is to contribute to the scientific literature related to the importance of musical preferences, in the context of international Spain music festivals. The originality and relevance of the study lies in being the first investigation of a music festival where the guitar is the main instrument of the concerts. Data collection for this research was based on the completion of fieldwork with a sample of spectators who visited The Guitar Festival of Córdoba (Spain). Based on this understanding and accomplished fieldwork, this study analyzes the musical preferences linked to the different guitar genres. The results indicate that there are three typologies of spectators who are considered valid and useful in distinguishing The Guitar Festival as a cultural destination: a rocker audience, a classical audience, and a music/guitar loving audience (the most representative segment). The analysis of the festivalgoers' musical preferences reveals that they are significantly discerning in terms of their academic level, their behavior, and the festival's image or perceived value. The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that knowledge on festivalgoers' musical preferences is an essential tool for The Guitar Festival in order to make it grow as a cultural destination.

Effects of heritage on destination image: multi-method research based on an appraisal approach to emotional response in-situ

ABSTRACT The research objective is to test the effects of heritage on the Tourist Destination Image formation. A multi-method quantitative approach applying surveys and neuromarketing were applied. Three different surveys were carried out in three different moments of the touristic visit to measure the heritage impact on the dynamics of destination image. Furthermore, a neuromarketing experiment using electroencephalogram and virtual reality were carried out to measure the emotional and cognitive responses to heritage and their effects on the TDI formation. Results show, either the surveys or the neuromarketing experiment, a clear emotional response to heritage that, indeed, has a positive effect in the cultural destination image. The conclusion suggests a line of research for the development and improvement of TDI models for cultural destinations which would incorporate the in situ emotional response in an appraisal approach to emotions.

PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN WISATAWAN DIMENSI BUDAYA UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE

The purpose of this article is to analyze the decision-making process of tourists when visiting culturally-based tourism objects. The approach chosen is to use a literature review. When choosing a destination, tourists are strongly influenced by Hofstede's cultural aspects. Cultural dimensions consist of power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation. To avoid uncertainty, tourists tend to choose cultural destinations where they feel safe, comfortable and risk-free. Moreover, the motivations of tourists to decide to visit a tourist destination are strongly influenced by push and pull factors.

Destination competitiveness of a tourist region: A case of Kerala, India

The concept of tourism destination competitiveness (TDC) is very complex, and so is developing a model for different destination contexts. The study aims to identify variables to measure the overall TDC of destination brand Kerala (India). A quantitative research design is followed based on a self-administered questionnaire survey strategy. A comprehensive study of various indices and published literature on TDC is conducted to arrive at a detailed list of variables for measuring competitiveness. Through content analysis and screening based on expert opinion surveys and interviews, variables are tailored to the natural and cultural destination region, Kerala. The perceptions of expert supply stakeholder groups regarding the relevance of variables are recorded. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is conducted to find underlying factors. The result is used to build a multiple linear regression model. Though the destination is celebrated for its 'Inherited and created resources', the study identifies that 'Destination safety and quality' has the highest impact on the TDC of Kerala. 'Absence of general strike', 'Methods of work/technique', and 'Navigation within the destination' are new significant variables that distinctly pertain to Kerala. The research is expected to help the destination management team evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the destination, assess TDC, and develop policies and guidelines to improve competitiveness.

PENGEMBANGAN FESTIVAL CAP GO MEH SEBAGAI DAYA TARIK WISATA DI KABUPATEN KETAPANG, KALIMANTAN BARA

Cap Go Meh Festival is one of the annual cultural festival in Ketapang City, West Borneo. Cap Go Meh is the 15th (fifteenth) day after the Lunar New Year which is the peak of the ethnic Chinese New Year celebration. The organization of Cap Go Meh Festival in Ketapang City has so far become a part of annual agenda as well as Gawai Adat Dayak and Pekan Kebudayaan Melayu. Various attractions in Cap Go Meh Festival that are also displayed are Dragon atrractions, Barongsai attractions, Tatung attractions, float parades, torch parades and lantern parades. The Tatung attraction has its own value in Cap Go Meh Festival because it displays attractions that are the result of cultural acculturation between Chinese and Dayaknese. Cap Go Meh Festival in Ketapang City is one of potentials of regional cultural tourism. The right regional cultural tourism development strategy is needed to develop Cap Go Meh Festival as one of the leading tourist attractions in Ketapang City, considering that Ketapang deserves to be an optional cultural destination in West Borneo Province. The application of the right tourist attraction development strategy can have a positive impact on foreign tourist interest, plus Ketapang City is a coastal city that has potentital for supporting tourism such as nature tourism and marine tourism. Keywords: Cap Go Meh Festival; development strategy; cultural tourism.

Relating Spatial Quality of Public Transportation and the Most Visited Museums: Revisiting Sustainable Mobility of Waterfronts and Historic Centers in International Cruise Destinations

Museums are main tourist resources for independent cruise passengers in cultural cruise destinations. However, their influence on cruise destinations is scarcely analyzed. The aim of this paper was to focus on two questions: What distribution of museums facilitates a sustainable mobility of cruise tourists in balance with urban needs? And which factors affect the potential use of both means of sustainable travel—soft mobility and public transport—at cruise destinations? The network topological features of main museums were analyzed to compare similar features among tourism destinations. A topological study based on the model of the three urban fabrics was related to the objective quality of PT. This allowed for a greater walkability or potential use of PT to be estimated. The results allowed for a diverse sample of cultural tourism port cities with cruise activity to be classified in three centralized levels and two decentralized ones. Results indicated that centralized networks are more prone to cruise tourists, while decentralized networks are more related to main cultural destinations. Finally, the discussion section analysed recommendations and measures to improve sustainable mobility and the planning of new museums. The results of this paper will be of interest to cultural and transport managers at these types of destinations.

Ecos de João dos Reis Gomes na imprensa tenerifenha

João dos Reis Gomes, considered an unavoidable figure in the Madeiran cultural scene, had several cultural interventions throughout his life, making him a voice considered in remarkable events of the Madeiran 20th century. One of these milestones was the orchestration of the Madeiran Centenary, which, in addition to the inherent political aspect, sought to expand the Madeira brand as a tourist and cultural destination. The echoes in the Tenerife press are remarkable, with the accompaniment of the Madeiran celebration, including a delegation of Santa Cruz de Tenerife to participate in the Fifth Centenary.

The effect of tourism village development project on economic sustainability through tourism villages based on natural and cultural potentials

Tourism village development projects have become attractive to the community during the Covid 19 Pandemic and after. This condition is caused by many people in urban areas who wish to travel to natural and indigenous cultural destinations. Tourism village development is a process that emphasizes ways to develop or advance tourist villages. Village green tourism development projects through natural and cultural destinations are expected to provide sustainable village economic sustainability. The distribution of questionnaires to obtain the potential for village tourism development was determined by the project team that will develop in identifying, assigned consultants and key people from local villages, including leaders with a total of 46 respondents. Data processing looks at the relationship between village economic sustainability and village economic sustainability through natural and cultural tourism potential using partial least squares. The data processing results show that the village tourism development project has a positive effect on nature tourism potential, cultural tourism potential, and village economic sustainability by increasing the welfare of local communities. The nature tourism potential of the village, which has attractive mountains and a reliable source of agricultural products, is capable of impacting the local community's interest. Cultural tourism potential owned by the village with attractive tourist performances on a regular and well-scheduled basis and the ability of the village to show dance performances that reveal their identity can impact the village's economic sustainability. The village green tourism development project is set in the finalization stage of project planning by considering the project completion time.

Experiential Marketing, Destination Image, Tourists Satisfaction, and Tourists’ Destination Loyalty for Sustainable Tourism (<em>Evidence from Tourists’ Cultural Destinations in Sri Lanka</em>)

World tourism has significantly contributed to destinations generating more social, economic and environmental benefits. Therefore, all tourist destinations have identified sustainability as their main goal of tourism. There are plenty of research to discuss the effect of experiential marketing, tourists’ satisfaction, destination image and destination loyalty than measuring these variables’ effect on sustainable tourism. In the Sri Lankan context, though Sri Lanka has many world heritage destinations to facilitate sustainable tourism, it has only a few cultural attractions. Further, there was no research to address the experiential marketing effect on sustainable tourism through image, satisfaction and loyalty. This gap has been addressed through this research with three mediating variables referenced to cultural destinations in Sri Lanka. To collect data for the study 513 tourists representing all tourists who visited Sri Lanka in 2019 conveniently interviewed. The data were analyzed through the SPSS Amos software and was able to achieve all the research objectives and answer all the research questions. The findings of the study include adaptable strategies for the attention of all the destination-marketing authorities in Sri Lanka, which may help to facilitate experiential marketing for sustainable tourism through destination image, tourists’ satisfaction, and destination loyalty for cultural destinations in Sri Lanka.

Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior with the Self-Congruity Theory to Predict Tourists’ Pro-Environmental Behavioral Intentions: A Two-Case Study of Heritage Tourism

Tourists’ pro-environmental behaviors are critical to the conservation of cultural landscape heritage and for the sustainability of heritage tourism. Applying the theories of planned behavior (TPB) and self-congruity, this research explained the formation of tourists’ pro-environmental behavioral intentions (TPEBI). A total of 342 effective responses were gathered at a heritage destination, while another set of data was collected from a historic cultural destination for cross-validation (n = 345). The findings indicated that: (1) there are direct and positive associations between TPEBI and attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, self-congruity, and functional congruity; (2) functional congruity mediates the association between self-congruity and TPEBI; (3) the “congruity-TPB” framework has greater predictive capacity in comparison to the single model; (4) a cross-validation approach found consistent results by using a historic cultural district as another case. Taking both rational and value-expressive factors into consideration, the current study expands the applicability of the self-congruity theory in TPEBI research. Findings produce some new insights into sustainable destination management.