Cultivation Of Cultures Research Articles

Comparison of spinach cultivation in floating hydroponic system and soil in glasshouse and open field conditions

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of glasshouse and outdoor conditions on the growth of spinach plants in floating hydroponic culture and soil. In the floating hydroponic culture, the plants were grown in a plastic tank (120x50x30 cm) and a volume of 80 L in a glasshouse and open field. Each seed was inserted at 13x5 cm in rock wool in styrofoam and then placed in the nutrient solution. There was no significant change in EC values measured in the glasshouse and outside, and the pH of the solutions in the outdoor environment was higher (except in late December) than those in the glasshouse. The earliest and late harvests were made in floating hydroponic culture in the glasshouse and outdoor cultivation at 64 and 97 days, respectively. The highest yield was 1.54 kg m-2 in open field cultivation, it was followed by 1.45 kg m-2 in the greenhouse and 1.32 kg m-2 in the open field in floating hydroponic culture, respectively. Despite the high yield that can be obtained from floating hydroponic culture cultivation in the glasshouse and outside, the fact that there is a lower marketable amount is a negative aspect. However, the floating hydroponic culture could be preferred to soil cultivation due to many advantages such as production 2-3 times a year, low labor costs, and less pesticide use. Spinach cultivation in the open field does not have any problems in terms of nitrate, but nitrate accumulation can be a problem in hydroponic culture.

Ecotoxicological Estimation of 4-Cumylphenol, 4-t-Octylphenol, Nonylphenol, and Volatile Leachate Phenol Degradation by the Microscopic Fungus Umbelopsis isabellina Using a Battery of Biotests.

The phenolic xenobiotics nonylphenol (NP), 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP), and 4-cumylphenol (4-CP) have the potential to seriously disrupt the endocrine system. Volatile phenols (VPs), especially those present in landfill leachate, also adversely affect the health of numerous organisms. Microbial degradation of xenobiotics can result in the formation of intermediates with higher toxicity than the precursor substrates. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to assess the changes in environmental ecotoxicity during the biotransformation of nonylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenol, 4-cumylphenol and volatile phenols by Umbelopsis isabellina using a battery of biotests. The application of bioindicators belonging to different taxonomic groups and diverse trophic levels (producers, consumers, and reducers) indicated a significant reduction in toxicity during the cultivation of fungus cultures both for nonylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenol, 4-cumylphenol and volatile phenols. The rate of toxicity decline was correlated with the degree of xenobiotic biotransformation. Removal of 4-cumylphenol and 4-tert-octylphenol also led to a decrease in the anti-androgenic potential. Moreover, this is the first report demonstrating the anti-androgenic properties of 4-cumylphenol. The results showed that U. isabellina is an attractive tool for the bioremediation and detoxification of contaminated environments.

Chinese Culture Education in College Chinese Teaching Based on Big Data

<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">With the advancement of society and the increase of computer, network and digital media technology, big data technology has become an indispensable part of the modern service industry. Big data technology has been developed in all aspects of the education industry, and the proportion of the value of products and services created has gradually increased. Big data plays an important role in technology in language teaching and other aspects. This article mainly introduces the research of Chinese teaching reform based on the era of big data. This article uses the research of Chinese culture education in Chinese teaching in colleges and universities based on big data, starting from the two aspects of Chinese teaching and Chinese culture, and rationally analyzes the feasibility of Chinese teaching reform. From the labor market in our country, the demand for Chinese culture talents is concentrated on applied talents, but the purpose of language teaching in many schools is mostly in traditional research-based teaching, resulting in a decline in the quality of education, and it is difficult to meet the market's demand for applied talents in Chinese culture and classroom reforms. It is the main body that determines the course content and teaching mode. The experimental results of this paper show that based on the research of Chinese culture education in Chinese teaching in the era of big data, the efficiency of Chinese teaching has increased by 18%. The current situation of Chinese teaching reform in the era of big data and the limitations of research are important to the cultivation of Chinese culture in the era of big data. Methods and approaches are analyzed, discussed and summarized so as to enrich the academic research results.</span>

Design of Multi-text English Reading Instruction Aiming at Cultural Awareness Cultivation

The reading classroom is a main place for English teaching and cultural awareness cultivation. However, the limitations of the traditional English reading class with single reading material cannot meet students’ needs of comparing and discriminating among different cultures, which leads to the fragmentation of students’ acquisition of cultural knowledge and a one-sided understanding of cultural phenomena. Considering this context, the author combines the elements of multi-text reading, takes the cultural awareness cultivation objectives in the new curriculum standard as the basis to construct a multi-text reading teaching framework aiming at the cultivation of cultural awareness which includes teaching objectives, teaching contents, teaching process, and teaching evaluation.

The dynamics of ethnic and national identities in the process of becoming an Indonesian: The Bataknese case

This qualitative study is particularly focused on the North Sumatera context; it investigates the dynamics of ethnic and national identities of Bataknese youths in the defining themselves as an Indonesian. Thirty-one individuals (six local figures and 25 Bataknese youths) participated in the study. The results illustrated the strengthening process of ethnic identity through exploring family and environmental common practices. The strengthening of ethnic identity was also found to occur in concurrent with the strengthening of national identity, as manifested in the participants’ willingness to maintain harmony in their society. The study concludes that the strengthening of ethnic identity positively shapes one’s national identity. Student participants and local figures expressed concern about the sustainability of cultural cultivation which is necessary to shape ethnic identity among young Bataknese. The study recommends a Batak kinship model known as dalihan na tolu, in which many families with different tasks and roles, flexibly manage differences to strengthen national identity based on the philosophy of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika.

Electrochemical Microwell Plate to Study Electroactive Microorganisms in Parallel and Real-Time.

Microbial resource mining of electroactive microorganism (EAM) is currently methodically hampered due to unavailable electrochemical screening tools. Here, we introduce an electrochemical microwell plate (ec-MP) composed of a 96 electrochemical deepwell plate and a recently developed 96-channel multipotentiostat. Using the ec-MP we investigated the electrochemical and metabolic properties of the EAM models Shewanella oneidensis and Geobacter sulfurreducens with acetate and lactate as electron donor combined with an individual genetic analysis of each well. Electrochemical cultivation of pure cultures achieved maximum current densities (j max) and coulombic efficiencies (CE) that were well in line with literature data. The co-cultivation of S. oneidensis and G. sulfurreducens led to an increased current density of j max of 88.57 ± 14.04 µA cm−2 (lactate) and j max of 99.36 ± 19.12 µA cm−2 (lactate and acetate). Further, a decreased time period of reaching j max and biphasic current production was revealed and the microbial electrochemical performance could be linked to the shift in the relative abundance.

Impact of degradable magnesium implants on osteocytes in single and triple cultures

In vitro triple cultures of human primary osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts can potentially help to analyze the effect of drugs and degradation products of biomaterials as a model for native bone tissue. In the present study, degradation products of Magnesium (Mg), which has been successfully applied in the biomedical field, were studied with respect to their impact on bone cell morphology and differentiation both in osteocyte single cultures and in the triple culture model. Fluorescence microscopic and gene expression analysis, analysis of osteoclast- and osteoblast-specific enzyme activities as well as osteocalcin protein expression were performed separately for the three cell types after cultivation in triple culture in the presence of extracts, containing 5 and 10 mM Mg2+. All three cell species were viable in the presence of the extracts and did not show morphological changes compared to the Mg-free control. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts did not show significant changes in gene expression of ALPL, BSPII, osteocalcin, TRAP, CTSK and CA2. Likewise on protein level, no significant changes in ALP-, TRAP-, CTSK- and CAII activities were detected. Osteocytes showed a significant downregulation of MEPE, which codes for a protein playing an important role in regulation of phosphate homeostasis by osteocytes. This study is the first to analyze the effects of Mg degradation products on primary osteocytes in vitro, both in single and triple culture. Even if promoting effects on the three examined bone cell species were not found in the applied triple culture setup, it was shown, that Mg degradation products do not interfere with the activity of osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes in vitro.

Enhanced production of Bacopa saponins by repeated batch strategy in bioreactor.

Cultivation of cell suspension culture of Bacopa monnieri targeting the production of bacosides was explored in a 5-l stirred tank reactor using statistically optimized conditions. The bioreactor cultivation conditions were modified and this led to profuse biomass growth (2.81 ± 0.20g/l) and total bacosides (1.26 ± 0.23mg/g in cells and 0.60 ± 0.11mg/l in fermenter broth) production in 9days. The values of static volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa), dimensionless mixing time (Nm) were measured in the bioreactor. The culture grew efficiently and produced enhanced amount of bacoside A (5.59 ± 0.41mg/g total bacosides in cells and 3.12 ± 0.13mg/l in the fermenter broth) using one cycle of repeated batch strategy adopted in the bioreactor for 15days. The intracellular concentration of bacoside A3 (1.18 ± 0.11mg/g), bacopaside II (2.09 ± 0.35mg/g), bacopaside X (0.79 ± 0.17mg/g) and bacopasaponin C (2.24 ± 0.23mg/g) were significantly higher in repeated batch as compared to batch bioreactor cultivation. The yield of total bacosides in the fermenter broth was 5-times higher in repeated batch as compared to batch cultivation. This strategy can be helpful for the enhanced production of other valuable triterpenoid saponins.

Direct Chromosome Preparation Method in Avian Embryos for Cytogenetic Studies: Quick, Easy and Cheap

Avian cell culture is widely applied for cytogenetic studies, the improvement of which increasingly allows for the production of high-quality chromosomes, essential to perform both classical and molecular cytogenetic studies. Among these approaches, there are two main types: fibroblast and bone marrow culture. Despite its high cost and complexity, fibroblast culture is considered the superior approach due to the quality of the metaphases produced. Short-term bone marrow cultivation provides more condensed chromosomes but nonetheless is quicker and easier. In the search for a quicker, cheaper way to prepare metaphases without losing quality, the present work developed a novel, widely applicable protocol for avian chromosome preparation. Twenty-one bird embryos from distinct families were sampled: Icteridae, Columbidae, Furnariidae, Estrildidae, Thraupidae, Troglodytidae and Ardeidae. The protocol was based on a combination of modified fibroblast culture and bone marrow cultivation, taking the advantages of both. The results show that all species consistently presented good mitotic indexes and high-quality chromosomes. Overall, the application of this protocol for bird cytogenetics can optimize the time, considering that most fibroblast cultures take at least 3 days and often much longer. However, our protocol can be performed in 3 h with a much-reduced cost of reagents and equipment.

One-Pot Biosynthesis of 3-Aminopropionic Acid from Fumaric Acid Using Recombinant Bacillus megaterium Containing a Linear Dual-Enzyme Cascade.

3-Aminopropionic acid (3-APA) has wide applications in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, chemical, and polymer industries. This present study aimed to develop an eco-friendly whole-cell biocatalytic process for the bio-production of 3-APA from fumaric acid (FA) using Bacillus megaterium. A dual-enzyme cascade route with aspartate-1-decarboxylases (ADC) from Bacillus subtilis and native aspartate ammonia-lyase (AspA) was developed. Divergent catalytic efficiencies between these two enzymes led to an imbalance between both enzyme reactions. In order to coordinate AspA and ADC expression levels, gene mining, optimization, and duplication strategies were employed. Additionally, culture cultivation conditions and biocatalysis process parameters were optimized. A maximum 3-APA titer was obtained (11.68 ± 0.26g/L) with a yield of 0.78g/g under the following optimal conditions: 45°C, pH 6.0, and 15g/L FA. This study established a biocatalysis process for the production of 3-APA from FA using the whole cells of the recombinant B. megaterium.

Microfluidic organ-on-chip system for multi-analyte monitoring of metabolites in 3D cell cultures.

Three-dimensional cell cultures using patient-derived stem cells are essential in vitro models for a more efficient and individualized cancer therapy. Currently, culture conditions and metabolite concentrations, especially hypoxia, are often not accessible continuously and in situ within microphysiological systems. However, understanding and standardizing the cellular microenvironment are the key to successful in vitro models. We developed a microfluidic organ-on-chip platform for matrix-based, heterogeneous 3D cultures with fully integrated electrochemical chemo- and biosensor arrays for the energy metabolites oxygen, lactate, and glucose. Advanced microstructures allow straightforward cell matrix integration with standard laboratory equipment, compartmentalization, and microfluidic access. Single, patient-derived, triple-negative breast cancer stem cells develop into tumour organoids in a heterogeneous spheroid culture on-chip. Our system allows unprecedented control of culture conditions, including hypoxia, and simultaneous verification by integrated sensors. Beyond previous works, our results demonstrate precise and reproducible on-chip multi-analyte metabolite monitoring under dynamic conditions from a matrix-based culture over more than one week. Responses to alterations in culture conditions and cancer drug exposure, such as metabolite consumption and production rates, could be accessed quantitatively and in real-time, in contrast to endpoint analyses. Our approach highlights the importance of continuous, in situ metabolite monitoring in 3D cell cultures regarding the standardization and control of culture conditions, and drug screening in cancer research. Overall, the results underline the potential of microsensors in organ-on-chip systems for successful application, e.g. in personalized medicine.

Algae Culture Conditions and Process Parameters for Phycoremediation and Biomaterials Production

Abstract Climate change and increasing world population call for careful utilization of water and energy sources. Microalgae to treat wastewater in a coupled process to produce biofuels and other value-added products for human consumption are promising solutions. An analysis of culture parameters and cultivation processes is presented as essential to achieve economical sustainability from the algae. Results of the activity of microalgal strains in detoxification of wastewater are compared and discussed, particularly in remediation of nitrogen and phosphorous compounds, heavy metal, pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Phycoremediation mechanisms and culture conditions to obtain optimal microalgal growth are discussed. Finally, valuable products that can be produced by microalgae and ecological problems of untreated wastewater are presented.

From Cultural Resistance to Cultural Commitment: A New Path for Cultivating Cultural Confidence Based on the Law of College Students' Cultural Cognition

Cultural self-confidence is essentially a psychological concept, which belongs to the categories of "cognition" and "will", and has to go through four stages of cultural resistance, cultural compliance, cultural respect, and cultural belief. Colleges and universities should carry out differentiated training based on the cognitive stage of college students, so as to enhance the effect of cultural self-confidence cultivation.

ВЛИЯНИЕ РЕГУЛЯТОРОВ РОСТА НА ДИНАМИКУ НАКОПЛЕНИЯ ПЛОЩАДИ ЛИСТОВОЙ ПОВЕРХОСТИ И ФОТОСИНЕТИЧЕСКОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА КОРМОВОЙ СВЕКЛЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ НЕЧЕРНОЗЕМНОЙ ЗОНЫ РФ

Intensification of agricultural production provides for the development and introduction of new, progressive and cost-effective techniques. In the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation, the issue of increasing the productivity of forage crops with high quality indicators that provide the livestock industry with juicy feeds is extremely acute. One of the ways to obtain a guaranteed high, stable crop yield, on the example of fodder beet experiencing a number of stressful situations during the growing season, is the use of modern, highly effective growth regulators that positively affect the growth and development of the crop. The research was carried out on the basis of the experimental field of the Kaluga branch of the RSAU – MTAA named after K.A. Timiryazev in 2019-2020 on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil in the Kaluga region on fodder beet of the Eckendorf yellow variety type. The aim of the study was to study the influence of various growth regulators on the dynamics of leaf surface growth, photosynthetic potential of fodder beet in the Non-Chernozem zone. The positive effect of the use of growth regulators on crop yield was established, the effect of seed pickling was 26,5-62 t/ha or 4,9-11,5%, with foliar application of 22,5-66 t/ha or 4,2-12,3%, the dynamics of the accumulation of the leaf surface area by the time of full ripeness increased by 4.1-12.3% and 1.8–10.0%, respectively, according to the application options in the culture cultivation technology relative to the control.

Елементний склад плодів Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. за впливу технології вирощування з використанням органо-мінерального добрива «SMART» композит Марцінишин®

Mineral substances contained in vegetables perform important functions in the human body, providing protein, carbohydrate, fat, water and mineral metabolism, are components of vitamins, enzymes and proteins, regulate the physiological processes of the plant organism. The purpose of the study was to analyse the elemental composition of tomato fruits according to the culture cultivation technology using organo-mineral fertilizer. Materials for the study were the Italian hybrid of the first generation of Talent edible tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and organo-mineral fertilizer “SMART” Marcinyshyn composite®. The research was carried out in the soil and climatic conditions of the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine during 2019–2021 using spectrophotometric, titrometric and atomic absorption methods. The analysis of agrochemical indicators of meadowchernozem medium loam on loess-like loam soil of experimental plots indicates its suitability for growing edible tomatoes. As a result of research, macro- (Nitrogen, Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, Phosphorus) and microelements (Ferum, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Boron) were found in the fruits of edible tomatoes. Organo-mineral fertilizer application in cultivation technology of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. F1 Talent contributed to the accumulation of Nitrogen, Calcium, Potassium, Phosphorus, Zinc and Manganese in the fruits. Their number increased, respectively, by 68,5%, 12,6%, 28,3%, 85,2%, 25,8% and 56,2% compared to the control, and the accumulation of Ferum decreased by 10,3%. According to the content of Copper and Boron, the fruits of the control and experimental variants did not differ significantly from each other. The number of microelements did not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations, was within the normal range, and those microelements did not exhibit the properties of heavy metals. According to the value of the biological accumulation coefficient, the edible tomato belongs to the concentrator of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and Copper, and the deconcentrator of Ferum, Zinc and Manganese. Due to the effect of organo-mineral fertilizer, the ripening of fruits increases in the post-harvest period.

Setting Narrative through Instagram Posts: A Study of BBC’s Reportage on Afghanistan

Media organizations have an immense role to play in disseminating information and shaping perspectives across borders. Though the information revolution provides us with many new opportunities, it also helps in establishing a single narrative through the cultural cultivation of popular media over time. Orientalism, in this manner, presents an image that the West created of the Near East centuries ago and these second-hand experiences are enhanced over the years by the powerful states and media organizations to maintain the established hegemony. This current study focuses on understanding the British Broadcasting Corporation’s narrative and its ability to include and exclude certain historical facts while reporting on the Taliban’s takeover of Afghanistan through Instagram posts. The study found BBC portraying a favorable image for the role played by the NATO allies in Afghanistan and described the Taliban as a sheer group of terror, barbaric, and inhumane organization, following extreme Sharia laws.

Person-centred Music-making as a Cultural Change Agent for Compassionate Healthcare

To meet the care needs of the rapidly ageing patient populations, the cultivation of a compassionate patient-centred healthcare culture has becomecentral in the value-based healthcare discourse. A participatory music practice, ‘Meaningful Music in Healthcare’ employs a person-centred approach tomusic-making in Dutch hospitals. A grounded theory analysis on ethnographically collected data suggests that music-making serves as a social change agent and cultural resource for catalysing compassionate contact between healthcare professionals and patients. Processes of experiential growth and shared valuesin music-making and healthcare help to enrich care relationships and allow the emotional dimension of nurses’ professional performance to be explored.

The Role of Dayah Salafiyah in the Development of Religious Culture in Langsa

Dayah sustainably transmits religious, intellectual, and spiritual traditions (Islamic Boarding Schools). Several Dayah Salafiyah in Langsa City, for example, are also involved in implementing and developing strategies for the cultivation of such religious cultures. To conduct a deeper examination, this phenomenological study examined the involvement, implementation, and strategies used in those Dayahs. Observations were used to collect data. Meanwhile, the data were organized using Miles and Huberman's qualitative data analysis framework. The findings indicated that religious activities based on religious culture at the Dayah Salafiyah in Langsa City were always developed in collaboration with the dayah's leaders, teungku dayah, santri, and community. To begin, the dayah's leader serves as a facilitator, motivator, and mediator in the students' and community's religious activities and a controller of the dayah's activities. Additionally, it is critical to remember that the most fundamental form of salafiyah dayah implementation promotes good behaviour. To ensure that the religious culture development program is carried out as planned, salafiyah education incorporates religious culture into all aspects of its operations. This strategy for religious culture development is carried out by establishing policies, habituation, and student awareness, exemplary behaviour, discipline, and civilization. The dayah's leaders have absolute authority to monitor and evaluate all efforts made by teachers and students to foster a strong religious culture in the school.

Promotion of Papua “Merbau” Iron Wood (Eusideroxylon Zwagerii) through in-Vitro Tissue Culture

Papua's ironwood comes from the merbau plant that inhabits the forests of Papua, one of which is in the Yapen Islands Regency, Serui City. In conventional cultivating ironwood for commercial purposes, there are various problems. When using powder and soil, a lot of sawdust is needed. In addition, the time required for planting seeds to produce shoots that are ready to be planted in the field takes a very long time of about 9-12 months. The first step in the cultivation of merbau tissue culture is to find the right formula for growth regulators. Auxins and cytokines are the right steps to stimulate merbau wood growth. It seems that the role of auxin (IAA) and cytokinin (BAP) in Murashige and Skoog media on Merbau Wood using cotyledon and meristem explants with good concentrations for shoot and plantlet formation was 1.0 mg/l IAA and 5, 0 mg/l from the latest research using hormones including NAA, Chitin and BAP in Merbau (Eusideroxylon zwageri) wood culture. NAA concentration 1 mg/l (A4B5) formed shoots and callus, A4B1 (NAA 1 mg/l; BAP 0 mg/l) resulted in organogenesis and NAA concentration 0.2 mg/l without cytokinins (A2B1) produced multiple shoots. The interaction of the combination of auxin NAA 1 mg/l with BAP 0.6 mg/l (A4B7) gave the best response in embryosomatic formation in implanted explants. While the interaction of NAA 0.2 mg/l with Kinetic 2 mg/l (A3B3) resulted in shoots and callus. The interaction of the combination of auxin NAA 1 mg/l with BAP 0.6 mg/l (A4B7) gave the best response in embryosomatic formation in implanted explants. While the interaction of NAA 0.2 mg/l with Kinetic 2 mg/l (A3B3) resulted in shoots and callus. The interaction of the combination of auxin NAA 1 mg/l with BAP 0.6 mg/l (A4B7) gave the best response in embryosomatic formation in implanted explants. While the interaction of NAA 0.2 mg/l with Kinetic 2 mg/l (A3B3) resulted in shoots and callus.

Employer Branding in the Context of Covid-19 Restrictions

Employer branding is the set of a particular signs of organizations that attract talent, but also of the reason why these talents choose to work for a particular organization. This concept shows a trend in the field of human resources changing the way talent is attracted and retained in an organization. Also, employer branding is the basic component of the talent recruitment process in an organization, helping to define the culture and work environment within it. A strong employer brand is essential for attracting and retaining top talent, but given the coronavirus pandemic, is it just as important? The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of employer branding in the COVID era and to identify appropriate strategies for these times. The research methodology is represented by a qualitative approach based on the analysis of some case studies, as well as of the specialized literature. In times of uncertainty, like the ones we all go through today, attracting talent seems impossible, with people being reluctant when faced with threats over which they have no control. However, some may see the pandemic as an opportunity for career advancement, and others are forced by circumstances to look for a new job. In these situations, the main criterion for choosing an organization is culture and values. Thus, employer branding plays a key role in attracting and maintaining top talent and organizations can use strategies such us: culture cultivation, personalizing messages, consideration of passive applicants, presentation of diversity and inclusion, etc.