Cultivation Of Cultures Research Articles

Comparison of two isolation methods of tobacco-derived extracellular vesicles, their characterization and uptake by plant and rat cells

Plant extracellular vesicles (pEVs) derived from numerous edible sources gain a lot of attention in recent years, mainly due to the potential to efficiently carry bioactive molecules into mammalian cells. In the present study, we focus on isolation of PDNVs (plant-derived nanovesicles) and pEVs from callus culture and from BY-2 culture of Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco). Tobacco was selected as a source of plant vesicles, as it is commonly used by human, moreover it is a model organism with established techniques for cultivation of explant cultures in vitro. Explant cultures are suitable for the isolation of pEVs in large quantities, due to their fast growth in sterile conditions. As the efficiency of isolation methods varies, we were comparing two methods of isolation. We evaluated biophysical and biochemical properties of plant vesicles, as well as differences between isolates. We encountered difficulties in the form of vesicles aggregation, which is often described in publications focused on mammalian nanovesicles. In an effort to prevent vesicle aggregation, we used trehalose in different stages of isolation. We show tobacco-derived vesicles successfully enter tobacco and mesenchymal cell lines. We observed that tobacco-nanovesicles isolated by different methods incorporated fluorescent dye with different efficiency. The results of our study show tobacco-derived vesicles isolated by various isolation methods are able to enter plant, as well as mammalian cells.

The species composition of weeds in sunflower crops in the steppe zone of the Krasnodar Territory

In sunflower crops cultivated in the steppe zone of the Krasnodar Territory, 92 species of weeds were identified. The core of the weed component of agrocenoses consists of 2 especially active species - Amaranthus retrof-lexus L. and Chenopodium album L., 5 highly active species - Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Convolvulus arvensis L., Abu-tilon theophrasti Medik., Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., Persicaria maculosa S.F. Gray, 2 medium-active species Cir-sium setosum (Willd .) Bess. and Vicia cracca L. and 2 fairly active species Sinapis arvensis L. and Lathyrus tuberosus L. These are the types that should be paid special attention to while developing protective measures. In addition, 22 inactive species and 59 inactive species were identified, the presence of which in sunflower crops is due to a decrease in the level of technology of this crop cultivation. The territorial totality of weeds of the ecotope of segetal habitats is a segetal flora, one of the subdivisions of which is the partial flora of the ecotope under the cultivation of sunflower culture. The species composition of the segetal flora is characterized by stability, therefore it can be predicted for a certain time perspective. The activity of species changes with the change of crops in the crop rotation scheme, which significantly increases the role of phytosanitary monitoring.

Imagination Symbolization and Reality: The Interpretations of Pema Tseden on the “Three Theories” of Balloon

With the depiction of ethnic customs and the further cultivation of ethnic culture, the films of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang have formed a unique cultural system and cultural influence. The film Balloon, directed by Pema Tseden, has made multidimensional presentations and interpretations to the three orders theory of Lacan, that is the “the real order” from the original id, “the imaginary order” from the self-mirror and the “symbolic order” from the socio-linguistic and cultural system. It can be said that the Three Orders Theory enables the film Balloon directed by Pema Tseden to show the local culture of Xinjiang to the audience from an internal perspective of subjectivity and self-expression.

Cultivation of Humanity: How we can stagnate within the eternal flow

By introducing Taoism— the understanding of flow—and the meaning of cultivation as a basic human ability, an essential challenge in our current understanding of science can be discovered. Human interaction with nature is a meaningful process, which can reveal a better understanding of the inner cultivation processes and with it a multidimensional field of endless inputs triggering an ongoing process of growth. For this purpose, MyCu-cultivation ( My cultural cultivation) is introduced as new terminology. A construct that allows to separately elaborate the social concepts of culture and the process of metaphysical reality perception—generated in our mind. At the same time, the layers of physical experienced reality and imagination are reintroduced in an alternative interrelation, leading to new insights in the layers of metaphysical understandings. Therefore, the central manifestation of meaning-making will be elaborated through the metaphorical use of bookshelves, allowing to perceive new insights in the raw information processing of individuals—underlining the human limitations, in processing the overwhelming meaning flow. This theoretical knowledge leads us further to a new possibility of understanding the constructive externalization of the imagination, highlighting the diversity of phenomenological insights in our everyday life, resulting in a complex theoretical repositioning between semiotics, cultural psychology, and Naturwissenschaften.

Development of Teaching Materials for Red Culture Cultivation in College English Teaching Materials

Development of Teaching Materials for Red Culture Cultivation in College English Teaching Materials

Industrial Wastewater as a Growth Medium for Microalgal Biomass for a Sustainable Circular Bioeconomy

Since sources of clean water are limited, industrial wastewaters are available and utilization of biomass as a renewable energy source is increasing; therefore, wastewater could be used as a growth medium for the production of biomass. Such an approach is directly connected to the sustainable circular bioeconomy. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential application of industrial wastewater for cultivation of C. vulgaris and S. armatus. This study was carried out in order to: (i) assess the influence of wastewater on the activity of microalgae; (ii) assess batch and repeated fed-batch culture cultivation techniques; and (iii) assess cultivation of microalgae in suspension and immobilized on alginate beads. It was demonstrated that microalgae can be cultivated in wastewater contaminated with inorganic and organic chemical compounds in autotrophic conditions, batch culture or repeated fed-batch culture, and also in the form of suspension as well as being immobilized on alginate beads. The growth rate of microalgae in samples with initial algal culture concentrations of 100 g/L was as follow: 2.3 ± 0.01 d−1–3.8 ± 0.03 d−1 for C. vulgaris and 2.2 ± 0.02 d−1–4.0 ± 0.06 d−1 for S. armatus. In samples with initial algal culture concentrations of 50 g/L the growth rate of microalgae (μ) was as follow: 1.2 ± 0.01 d−1–2.2 ± 0.02 d−1 for C. vulgaris and 1.3 ± 0.02 d−1–2.4 ± 0.05 d−1 for S. armatus. Cultivation of microalgae in industrial wastewater has more advantages than cultivation carried out in clean water due to lower costs and protection of natural resources.

Non-traditional fertilizers to optimize winter rape nutrition

The relevance of the topic is due to the need to optimize the nutrition of winter rape (Brassica napus L.), including the use of non-traditional fertilizers, taking into account the limited amount of low-cost mineral fats. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of a mixture of production by-products (wood ash and digestate) on the yield and quality of winter rapeseed. Field experiments were conducted at the "Peterlauki" research farm (Latvia). In agriculture, both wood ash and biomass digestate are used separately as materials for liming and fertilizers, while a high-quality fertilizer can be obtained from their mixture. The authors evaluated mixtures of cattle manure digestate and wood ash in different ratios. Analyzes from the groups of systemic, statistical and comparative were used. The next research methods are applied: generally accepted in crop production, field and laboratory - to clarify the interaction of the object of research with agrotechnical and natural abiotic factors; calculated and weighted - to determine the productivity of crops; calculation and comparison; mathematical and statistical (dispersion) - in order to estimate the probability of research results. It was determined that, using mixtures of wood ash and digestate, it is possible to obtain appropriate crops of winter rapeseed without the use of mineral fertilizers. A higher yield of this crop - 2.45 t/ha was obtained in cases where fertilizer rates of 10 t/ha were used for fertilization. Winter rape seeds had a higher oil content in variants with the use of a fertilized mixture of 5 t/ha, but without ammonium nitrate. The bulk weight (nature) of winter rapeseed in the investigated variants slightly exceeded 670 g/l. The scientific novelty is that the influence of the mixture of digestate and wood ash on productivity, including the oiliness of winter rapeseed, was evaluated. The practical value lies in the improvement of the technology of cultivation of the researched culture by means of a correctly selected mixture to optimize nutrition and obtain high-quality oil

The impact of alternative nitrogen sources on the growth and viability of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus.

In this study, we developed and optimized a growth medium using various nitrogen sources for the cultivation of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, a probiotic and essential dairy starter culture. The composition of de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) culture medium was modified, and the nitrogen content was replaced by alternative nitrogen sources X-Seed Nucleo Max, X-Seed KAT, and X-Seed Carbo Max (Ohly GmbH) in various blends of 5 and 10 g/L. Results showed that bacterial growth was significantly higher when the nitrogen source blend of 10 g/L of KAT and 10 g/L of Carbo Max [KCMax (10/10)] was used. The optical densities of the Lb. bulgaricus strains were significantly higher in the KCMax (10/10) medium than in the MRS medium. There was no significance in bacterial counts for both the MRS and the KCMax (10/10) medium, and all bacterial counts were estimated at 8 log cfu/mL. The buffering capacity of the KCMax (10/10) medium was also tested and supplemented with l-histidine and was significantly higher than that of the MRS control medium. KCMax (10/10) also supported the freeze-stability and viability of the Lb.bulgaricus cells during freezing and freeze-drying operations. Our results suggest that the alternative nitrogen sources X-Seed Nucleo Max, X-Seed KAT and X-Seed Carbo Max can substantially support the growth of lactic acid bacteria as demonstrated with Lb. bulgaricus. These alternative nitrogen sources could thus be recommended for lactic acid bacteria fermentation and for the cultivation of dairy starter cultures.

Development of Streptococcus equisimilis group G mutant strains produce low polydisperse and low molecular weight Hyaluronic Acid.

Hyaluronic acid (HA), a natural polymer with unique properties and wide application, is mainly produced by Streptococcal fermentation at industrial scale. In the present work, two rounds of chemical random mutagenesis were applied on Streptococcus equisimilis group G to obtain high-producing strains using 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine. The non-hemolytic and hyaluronidase-negative mutants were screened on blood agar and HA agar, respectively. HA productivity and molecular weight (Mw) was determined by carbazole assay and agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively. Moreover, the stability of strains was assessed within 10 generations in term of HA productivity. The findings showed that the wild type strain produced 1241 ± 2.1µg/ml HA at pH 5.5 and 4 hours of cultivation, while the screened mutants showed a 16.1 - 45.5 % increase in the production. Two mutant strains, named Gm2-120-21-3 (2470± 8.1µg/ml) and Gm2-120-21-4 (2856± 4.2µg/ml), showed the highest titer and a consistent production. The molecular weight of HA for the mutants was less than 160 kDa which considered a low Mw. The mutant strains producing a low polydisperse and low Mw HA at high titer can be considered potential industrial strains for HA production after further safety investigations.

Expanding flexible citizenship: Chinese international school students and global mobilities for higher education

PurposeThis study aims to interrogate and expand on the flexible citizenship framework by illuminating students' emergent identities and imagined future mobilities in China's expanding international school sector.Design/methodology/approachIn-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with international school students and their parents in Shenzhen, covering their motivations for overseas higher education, experience with international schooling, self-perceived identities and imagined futures.FindingsThe participants aspired to overseas higher education for both symbolic capital attainment and embodied cultural cultivation to thrive in a globalised world. They expressed confidence that international schooling experiences prepared students for mobility to Western higher education and cultivated globally-oriented identities while not undermining their Chinese roots. They imagined their futures in terms of considerable flexibility, with a rising China viewed as an attractive and feasible option for career development.Research limitations/implicationsThis research provides an enriched understanding of a new generation of globally mobile Chinese students. The participants held distinctively different outlooks, aspirations and attitudes than depicted in the flexible citizenship framework, which emphasised a one-dimensional and instrumentalist portrayal of Chinese international students. This study discusses cross-generational changes in the desire for overseas education and a global-national outlook among young people in the context of significant social transformations in urban China.Originality/valueThe originality of this study is in expanding the flexible citizenship framework with reference to the emergent identities and pathways of students in the international schooling sector in China.

Design a personalized additional professional education of teachers: event-positional methodology

Introduction. The relevance of designing the event-positional methodology of personalized additional professional education of teachers in the conditions of a pedagogical university is determined by the following aspects of the modern educational situation: the practical need for the development of additional professional programs of a new type; the need to overcome the backlog of requirements for the modernization of the main professional educational programs for future teachers from the new requirements of professional standards to their professional activities in an educational organization; the growing importance of the idea of education as a national priority; the demand for new norms of positional and professional self-determination of the teacher.Aim. The purpose of the article is to identify the methodological vector of the deployment of special theoretical and design-scientific works on the creation of a model for the formation and implementation of a personalized strategy for the development of a teacher in the process of additional professional education and the cultivation of a special culture of new pedagogical professionalism, which is determined by the presence of abilities for self-education, and thereby for self-development.Materials and Methods. The basis of the scientific search was the synthesis of fundamental provisions on a personalized model of the development of a teacher's reflexive abilities for self-transformation; on new goal-setting, which provides an opportunity for a teacher to learn how to design an educational situation in the dynamics of its development, combining elements of theory and practice to obtain a holistic, new knowledge; on the development of resource anthropological potential and development management; about new andragogic formats and technologies for creating professional communities and managing the personal development of teachers.Results. A thesaurus of event-positional methodology and a methodological scheme for building a new practice of continuous advanced pedagogical education have been developed, acting as a normative-prognostic and practice-oriented basis and a value- meanings reference point for personalized additional professional education of teachers. The trial implementation of the developed methodological scheme within the framework of scientific and methodological support of the activities of project teams of educational organizations - co-executors of the network project of training mentors for the development of the federal innovation platform of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education allowed us to establish the fundamental laws of positional self-determination as an educational result of managing the personalized development of teachers in conditions of additional professional education.Discussion and Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the research results is characterized by its focus on creating a prospective model of personalized additional professional education, the principles, conditions and mechanisms of which are directly focused on the inclusion of teachers in the processes of self-education and self-development with the help of targeted design of productive action technology that determines the mechanisms of activity development and assignment of norms of self-realization and the construction of a new educational reality, in which the person himself is both the subject and the object of transformations and transformations. The event-positional methodology makes it possible to build a unified, continuous and variable system of targeted additional professional education in the conditions of a pedagogical university on the basis of personalized educational tracks designed taking into account the specific needs of a pedagogical worker in the continuous updating of their professional knowledge and the acquisition of new professional skills determined through diagnostic procedures, based on the priority of the practiceoriented (applied) component of the educational process and the use of the possibilities of the digital educational environment.

Shifting from paddy production for aquaculture: An economic study in a selected area of Bangladesh

Shifting rice cultivation to aquaculture is a burning issue of agricultural land use policy in Bangladesh. The study was conducted to identify the reasons for change the paddy farming to fish culture and relative profitability of both enterprises randomly selected 50 sample farmers from Mymensingh district in Bangladesh. Primary data were collected through field survey. Mostly tabular analysis was done to achieve the objectives. To determine the net return of fish and rice production, profitability analysis was applied. The findings revealed that 70% of the respondents belonged to the age group of 30-64 years and average annual income and expenditure were Tk. 2333234 (US$ 24874.56) and Tk. 2025860 (US$ 21597.65), respectively. About 96 % of the respondents said that the profit motive was one of the main reasons to shift rice farming to aquaculture. Per hectare per/season gross margin and net return were Tk. 545994 (US$ 5820.83) and Tk. 487494 (US$ 5197.16), respectively for fish culture and Tk. 16404.00 (US$ 174.88) and Tk. 7064.00 (US$ 75.31), respectively, for rice cultivation. The BCR of fish culture and rice cultivation was 1.86 and 1.07, respectively (Full cost basis). Lower profit and scarcity of labour in harvesting period were the main problems faced by the rice farmers. Diseases and high feed cost were the main problems faced by the fish farmers. The fair price of paddy and the supply of paddy harvesting machineries need to be ensured by the government and other agencies to make profitable agribusiness by the rice farmers.

Research on the Establishment and Development Strategy of Calligraphy Characteristic School

Calligraphy art is an excellent traditional treasure of China. For Chinese people, calligraphy education is not only the teaching of Chinese character writing skills, but also the cultivation of Chinese culture. It is also the process of experiencing and practicing the rules of square and round, cultivating self-cultivation, aesthetic perception and other spirits in the writing practice. Carrying out characteristic construction reform in schools is an important way to achieve quality education, and creating calligraphy characteristic schools is also an important part of school characteristic construction. The establishment of calligraphy characteristic schools can not only improve students' traditional cultural accomplishment, cultivate their moral sentiments, and cultivate their recognition of the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation and national spirit; Moreover, it can promote the development of schools, balance educational resources and promote educational equity. This paper will take school A in Tianfu New District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China as an example, sort out the construction and development of its calligraphy characteristic schools, refine and form characteristic, effective and referential calligraphy education experience, explore effective strategies, provide strong support for the construction and development of calligraphy education characteristic schools, form templates and paradigms, and further improve the comprehensive quality of calligraphy education characteristic schools as a whole, Promote the comprehensive popularization and high-quality development of calligraphy education.

Cultural Consciousness : An Important Symbol of World-class Universities with Chinese Characteristics

Building a world-class university with Chinese characteristics is the goal vision and action mission of the construction of “double first-class” in the new era. The rational and conscious cultural choice is the strategic key for Chinese universities to highlight “Chinese characteristics” and lead “world first-class”. However, due to the worldwide invasion of western culture, China's university construction has encountered practical difficulties such as obvious cultural dependence under the habit of takingism, rampant cultural hegemony in the capital operation environment, and difficult cultural construction in the game between China and the West. Based on the construction of “double first-class” in the new era, it is necessary to establish self-confidence in action in the cultural choices of reference and transcendence, lead social development in the cultural cultivation of criticism and reflection, and highlight Chinese characteristics in the cultural governance of integrity and innovation.

Cultural Consciousness : An Important Symbol of World-class Universities with Chinese Characteristics

Building a world-class university with Chinese characteristics is the goal vision and action mission of the construction of “double first-class” in the new era. The rational and conscious cultural choice is the strategic key for Chinese universities to highlight “Chinese characteristics” and lead “world first-class”. However, due to the worldwide invasion of western culture, China's university construction has encountered practical difficulties such as obvious cultural dependence under the habit of takingism, rampant cultural hegemony in the capital operation environment, and difficult cultural construction in the game between China and the West. Based on the construction of “double first-class” in the new era, it is necessary to establish self-confidence in action in the cultural choices of reference and transcendence, lead social development in the cultural cultivation of criticism and reflection, and highlight Chinese characteristics in the cultural governance of integrity and innovation.

Antimicrobial activity of traditional and newly synthetized surface-active agents as a basis for the creation of new disinfectants

Aim. The main goal of the study was to investigate the antibacterial and fungicidal properties of the traditional and newly synthesized surfactants of different classes, compare the analysis of their antimicrobial activity and find out the prospects for further use for the creation of disinfectants. Methods. The biocidal activity of the studied cationic, anionic and nonionic surfactants was determined in relation to representatives of the species Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, as well as fungi Candida albicans. The detection of antibacterial and fungicidal effect and determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) was carried out by cultivation of the test cultures of microorganisms in Nutrient Broth (NB, Himedia, India) for 24–48 hours at 37 °С in the presence of different concentrations of experimental surfactants (1000–0.1 ppm). The number of cells that remained viable after exposure to surfactants was determined by optical density in McFarland units, which were then converted to the number of cells in 1 ml using the standard McFarland scale. Results. The newly synthesized guanidine-containing oligomer at concentrations of 1000 and 100 ppm inhibited the growth of all test cultures without exception by 100 %. The biocidal effect on the representatives of various taxonomic groups of microorganisms differed in its effectiveness for various anionic surfactants (trilon B, surfactant 2 and surfactant 3) even at the highest concentration of 1000 ppm. In particular, only trilon B completely inhibited the growth of all test cultures. However, at the concentrations indicated above, the examined cationic (surfactant 1 and triethanolamine) and nonionic (OP-10 and triton X-100) exhibited a rather low antimicrobial activity. Conclusions. The results obtained indicate that the guanidine-containing oligomer exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity among the investigated surfactants. Therefore, it can be considered a promising surfactant for further use in the creation of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. Enhancement of the biocidal effect of newly created disinfectants can be implemented by introducing the studied anionic and nonionic detergents, and glutaraldehyde can be used to stabilize them or enhance their antimicrobial activity. Instead, the application of cationic surfactants used in the work is impractical.

High Dietary Intake of Rye Affects Porcine Gut Microbiota in a Salmonella Typhimurium Infection Study.

Bacterial fermentation of undigested carbohydrates in the hindgut has considerable potential for the stimulation or inhibition of the growth of distinct bacteria within microbiota. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether high levels of rye affect porcine gut microbiota composition with subsequent effects on the load of Salmonella Typhimurium, an intestinal pathogen with zoonotic relevance. Therefore, forty-two 25-day-old piglets were allocated to two groups and fed a diet containing either 69% wheat or 69% rye for 35 days. One week after introducing the two different diets, the piglets were experimentally infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. The microbiota composition of cecal and fecal samples of the piglets were evaluated 28 days after infection. In the cecum, promoted growth of Bifidobacterium, several lactic acid bacteria and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were seen in pigs fed the diet containing 69% rye. Bacterial species belonging to the genera Bifidobacterium and Catenisphaera were associated with differing bacterial counts of Salmonella Typhimurium detected in the cecal contents of all piglets in both feeding groups via cultural cultivation. The high intake of rye instead of wheat seems to promote the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria accompanied by impaired growth conditions for the foodborne pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium.

Cultural Confidence and Rural Cultural Revitalization Consciousness Cultivation Based on English Education—Taking English Teaching in Yi Nationality Region for Example

Cultural Confidence and Rural Cultural Revitalization Consciousness Cultivation Based on English Education—Taking English Teaching in Yi Nationality Region for Example

Chemical composition and biological activity of metabolites of Rubus chamaemorus L.

The article describes the climatic conditions and the geographical zones of cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus L.) growth. A trend towards cultural and semi-cultural cultivation of this species was noted. The current state of research on the chemical composition of various parts of cloudberry squat, growing in various environmental conditions, is highlighted. A systematic assessment of accumulation of biologically active substances (vitamins, fatty acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, phenolic acids) of this plant of northern and southern populations was carried out. The role of secondary metabolites in the formation of the biological potential of R. chamaemorus L. fruits and leaves is described. High antioxidant and antiradical activities of cloudberry fruit extracts in in vitro and in vivo model systems are also noted. The review presents the results of scientific works devoted to the study of the antimicrobial activity of fruits against Helicobacter pillory, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, Bacillus subtilis, Campylobacter jejuni, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans. There is a lack of research of secondary metabolites of the plant on the southern border of the range. The biological significance of fruits and ground leaf mass, as well as the prospects for cultivation on the southern border of the range and their practical use in the pharmaceutical and food industries are highlighted.

Optimization of light intensity and color temperature in the cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris culture using the Surface Response Method

Microalgae have an important role as a source of biomass in producing energy. One type of microalgae that has the potential to be developed is Chlorella vulgaris. Several factors that affect the growth and biomass production of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae are color temperature and light intensity because they play an important role in the photosynthesis process. This study aims to influence the effect of light and color temperature and optimize these parameters using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Two independent variables were varied: light intensity 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 lux and color temperature 3000, 4000, 5000, and 6000 K. The results showed that the average value of Chlorella vulgaris growth was higher along with higher light intensity. At a color temperature of 4000 K, the highest biomass yield and the most negligible biomass production were found at 6000 K. At a color temperature of 4000 K, it is feasible to apply it as an alternative lighting source in the production of Chlorella vulgaris. The combination of light intensity and color temperature shows that the specific growth rate and doubling time have opposite trends where high values produce low values and vice versa. Growth in dark conditions, the specific growth rate was 0.0026 day-1, and the optimal light intensity at 600 lux treatment. ANOVA evaluation showed that color temperature greatly affected growth. Based on the optimization, the optimal specific growth rate of 00751day-1 with the conditions of light intensity and color temperature of 556 lux and 4152 K, respectively.