Cultivars Research Articles

Critical assessment of wheat biofortification for iron and zinc: a comprehensive review of conceptualization, trends, approaches, bioavailability, health impact, and policy framework.

Addressing global hidden hunger, particularly in women of childbearing age and children under five, presents a significant challenge, with a focus on iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiency. Wheat, a staple crop in the developing world, is crucial for addressing this issue through biofortification efforts. While extensive research has explored various approaches to enhance Fe and Zn content in wheat, there remains a scarcity of comprehensive data on their bioavailability and impact on human and animal health. This systematic review examines the latest trends in wheat biofortification approaches, assesses bioavailability, evaluates the effects of biofortified wheat on health outcomes in humans and animals, and analyzes global policy frameworks. Additionally, a meta-analysis of per capita daily Fe and Zn intake from average wheat consumption was conducted. Notably, breeding-based approaches have led to the release of 40 biofortified wheat varieties for commercial cultivation in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Mexico, Bolivia, and Nepal, but this progress has overlooked Africa, a particularly vulnerable continent. Despite these advancements, there is a critical need for large-scale systematic investigations into the nutritional impact of biofortified wheat, indicating a crucial area for future research. This article can serve as a valuable resource for multidisciplinary researchers engaged in wheat biofortification, aiding in the refinement of ongoing and future strategies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal of eradicating hunger and malnutrition by 2030.

Rice Seed Protrusion Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping through Genome-Wide Association Study.

The germination of seeds is a prerequisite for crop production. Protrusion is important for seed germination, and visible radicle protrusion through seed covering layers is the second phase of the process of seed germination. Analyzing the mechanism of protrusion is important for the cultivation of rice varieties. In this study, 302 microcore germplasm populations were used for the GWAS of the protrusion percentage (PP). The frequency distribution of the PP at 48 h and 72 h is continuous, and six PP-associated QTLs were identified, but only qPP2 was detected repeatedly two times. The candidate gene analysis showed that LOC_Os02g57530 (ETR3), LOC_Os01g57610 (GH3.1) and LOC_Os04g0425 (CTB2) were the candidate genes for qPP2, qPP1 and qPP4, respectively. The haplotype (Hap) analysis revealed that Hap1 of ETR3, Hap1 and 3 of GH3.1 and Hap2 and 5 of CTB2 are elite alleles for the PP. Further validation of the germination phenotype of these candidate genes showed that Hap1 of ETR3 is a favorable allele for the germination percentage; Hap3 of GH3.1 is an elite allele for seed germination; and Hap5 of CTB2 is an elite allele for the PP, the germination percentage and the vigor index. The results of this study identified three putative candidate genes that provide valuable information for understanding the genetic control of seed protrusion in rice.

Genetic control of fruit length, external colour and number of fruits per vine in bitter gourd studied using Charantia × Muricata crosses

The present study was undertaken to ascertain the genetic control of external fruit colour, fruit length, and the number of fruits per vine in bitter gourd using reciprocal crosses of Momordica charantia var. muricata and M. charantia var. charantia and to identify suitable lines of M. charantia var. muricata to be used in bitter gourd improvement programmes. Muricata accession collected from Girandurukotte (GK), Sri Lanka, was selected as a suitable accession for crop improvement based on higher gynoecy and consistency of characteristics. Crossing success between Charantia and Muricata varieties was 100 % indicating cross-compatibility between the two types. External fruit colour, fruit length and the number of fruits per vine of bitter gourd were found to be quantitative traits, potentially controlled by many genes, each with a small effect. The number of fruits per vine was found to show cytoplasmic inheritance, as the F1 generation recorded fruit numbers per vine similar to those of Charantia varieties, when Charantia varieties were used as the female parent of the reciprocal crosses made between Charantia and Muricata varieties. However, the suspected cytoplasmic effect was not useful, as it influenced to reduce the number of fruits per vine. In addition, the number of fruits per vine showed several transgressive segregants in both extremes of the F2 populations. In bitter gourd improvement programmes, GK Muricata accession may be used to improve cultivated Charantia varieties with respect to fruit characteristics such as external fruit colour, fruit length and the number of fruits per vine through a breeding program with the directional selection made towards obtaining the desired characters.

Harnessing Natural Genetic Diversity: The Impact of Wild Rice Alleles on Cultivated Varieties

Harnessing Natural Genetic Diversity: The Impact of Wild Rice Alleles on Cultivated Varieties

CLIMATIC FACTORS FOR GROWING AND PRODUCING STRAWBERRIES IN IRAQ

The research aims to study the appropriate climatic ingredients for the cultivation and production of strawberries in Iraq. The study concluded that the climatic ingredients for cultivating and producing strawberries are available in a way that is compatible with the cultivated varieties in Iraq, and the extensive areas of strawberry cultivation in Iraq are concentrated in (Baghdad, Diyala, Salahuddin), in When the area planted with strawberry crops decreases in (Wasit, Karbala), either in terms of total productivity, it was occupied by Baghdad Governorate at the highest total productivity of strawberry crops, either the lowest total product The relationship relationship recorded between the regular rates of temperatures and the total production, while the relationship of the link was weak between solar radiation and the total production.

Comparative analysis of the microbiomes of strawberry wild species Fragaria nilgerrensis and cultivated variety Akihime using amplicon-based next-generation sequencing.

Fragaria nilgerrensis is a wild strawberry species widely distributed in southwest China and has strong ecological adaptability. Akihime (F. × ananassa Duch. cv. Akihime) is one of the main cultivated strawberry varieties in China and is prone to infection with a variety of diseases. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze and compare the soil and root microbiomes of F. nilgerrensis and Akihime. Results indicate that the wild species F. nilgerrensis showed higher microbial diversity in nonrhizosphere soil and rhizosphere soil and possessed a more complex microbial network structure compared with the cultivated variety Akihime. Genera such as Bradyrhizobium and Anaeromyxobacter, which are associated with nitrogen fixation and ammonification, and Conexibacter, which is associated with ecological toxicity resistance, exhibited higher relative abundances in the rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soil samples of F. nilgerrensis compared with those of Akihime. Meanwhile, the ammonia-oxidizing archaea Candidatus Nitrososphaera and Candidatus Nitrocosmicus showed the opposite tendencies. We also found that the relative abundances of potential pathogenic genera and biocontrol bacteria in the Akihime samples were higher than those in the F. nilgerrensis samples. The relative abundances of Blastococcus, Nocardioides, Solirubrobacter, and Gemmatimonas, which are related to pesticide degradation, and genus Variovorax, which is associated with root growth regulation, were also significantly higher in the Akihime samples than in the F. nilgerrensis samples. Moreover, the root endophytic microbiomes of both strawberry species, especially the wild F. nilgerrensis, were mainly composed of potential biocontrol and beneficial bacteria, making them important sources for the isolation of these bacteria. This study is the first to compare the differences in nonrhizosphere and rhizosphere soils and root endogenous microorganisms between wild and cultivated strawberries. The findings have great value for the research of microbiomes, disease control, and germplasm innovation of strawberry.

The impact of non-environmental factors on the chemical variation of Radix Scrophulariae

Radix Scrophulariae is a commonly used Chinese herb derived from the dried root of Scrophularia ningpoesis Hemsl. (S. ningpoensis). It is difficult to accurately estimate the dosage of Chinese medicinal materials used in the prescription because of the chemical variation caused by various factors. To analyze the non-environmental factors affecting the chemical variation of Radix Scrophulariae, we planted nine different cultivated varieties of S. ningpoensis in the same plantation. Based on sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, we found that the materials from the cultivated varieties could be divided into two groups, the Zhejiang group, and the southwest China group. The genetic distance based on molecular data between the two groups was above 0.3882, and the Euclidean distance based on chemical data between the two groups was above 5.312. The correlation analysis between the genetic distance matrix based on SRAP and the Euclidean distance matrix based on 18 HPLC peaks of the whole underground part revealed that the genetic differentiation and chemical variation were positively related, r = 0.7196 (p < 0.05). The genetic background, different part of the roots and the different development of the roots are the three non-environmental factors causing the chemical variation. The coefficient of variation (C.V) of chemical composition of Radix Scrophulariae with different genetic background reached to 93.62 %, the C.V of the chemical composition of Radix Scrophulariae derived from the same variety reached to 64.21 %, the C.V of the chemical composition of Radix Scrophulariae derived from the middle part of the roots of S. ningpoensis from the same variety reached to 45.55 %. The C.V of chemical composition of Radix Scrophulairae produced in the same plantation could be controlled to 38.43 % by using the same variety of roots with the approximate mass derived from the middle part of the roots under 20 g. Our findings provided insights to decrease the chemical variation of Chinese medicinal materials by controlling non-environmental factors.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА МАТОЧНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ ВИНОГРАДА НА ИХ СПОСОБНОСТЬ К ВЕГЕТАТИВНОМУ РАЗМНОЖЕНИЮ

For many years, grapes were considered to be an unpromising crop in the conditions of the Central Non-Black Earth Zone but their wider spread has been encouraged by the appear- ance of new varieties whose berries ripen in a relatively short time. The assortment of modern grape varieties for amateur cultivation in the non-Black Earth Zone consists mainly of interspecific hybrids based on Vitis amurensis Rupr., Vitis riparia Michx., Vitis labrusca L., Vitis berlandieri Planch., which causes problems with their vegetative propagation. The article is devoted to the study of the effect of the method of obtaining planting material from vine mother plants on the increase of the regenerative capacity of the singletree cuttings obtained from them. During the threeyear research on the grape varieties Kishmish No. 342 and Moskovskiy Beliy, experiments were carried out on the additional growth of mother plants propagated by green and singletree cuttings and by the method of clonal micropropagation. As a result of the research, the advantage of using the technology of clonal micropropagation in the production of seedlings for the establishment of vine mother plantations was revealed. At the same time, the variety Kishmish No. 342 showed reliable differences from the control in terms of development indicators from the 2nd year of cultivation, and the variety Moskovskiy Beliy – from the 3rd year. Both varieties received 1.8–2.1 times more standard seedlings from mother plants propagated in vitro for three years on the basis of high rooting ability of singletree cuttings and the proportion of seedlings according to GOST 31783–2012.

АГРОТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ МЕРЫ БОРЬБЫ С ЗАСОРЕННОСТЬЮ ПОСЕВОВ ПОСРЕДСТВОМ ОБРАБОТКИ ПОЧВЫ В ОРОШАЕМОМ АГРОЦЕНОЗЕ

Purpose: to study methods to control weed infestation of crops by resource-saving methods of soil tillage, ensuring improvement of the phytosanitary condition of the irrigated agrocenosis. Materials and methods. The test scheme included studying the impact of moldboard plowing at different depths, flat-cut and surface primary tillage on weed infestation of crops. The features of agrotechnical methods in weed control were studied on experimental plots in Saratov region in 2021–2023. The experimental methodology is generally accepted. Results. The influence of different methods of primary tillage on weed infestation of agricultural crops in the crop rotation link under irrigation is considered. It is revealed that with the use of pre-sowing tillage and inter-row tillage during the crop vegetation period, a significant decrease in weed infestation of lands for the next crop is noted. For the first crop of the link – Sudan grass – the highest weed infestation was noted in the variant of minimum cultivation at 8–10 cm, the number of weeds was 26.0 pcs./sq. m. During the vegetation period, due to the high density of standing, the weed infestation of crops before harvesting decreased in all variants of the experiment. On the second crop of the link – spring wheat – and the third crop – soybean – the weed infestation varied insignificantly in all variants of the experiment. Weed control provided the biological yield of green mass of Sudan grass of 32.7–37.5 t/ha, spring wheat grain – 3.30–3.59 t/ha, soybean – 4.09–4.35 t/ha according to the variants of the experiment. No significant difference in the impact of the method of primary tillage on crop yield was revealed. Conclusions. Using the example of soybeans, Sudan grass and spring wheat, it has been proven that during their cultivation, using ploughing with furrow slice upside-down in the fall in combination with pre-sowing tillage and inter-row tillage during the crop vegetation is effective.

Study of biological and agronomical evaluation of tomato

In the work, the biological and agronomic evaluation studies of tomato varieties Lia, Titan, Orange, Eraz, Marine and Cherry Zeytun were carried out. The results of the study of biological and agronomic characteristics of tomato varieties showed that from seed germination to seedling took 5-7 days, from flowers - 65-74 days, seed germination from first harvest or biological maturity - 102-114. days. According to the research results, tomato yield: Lia (St) 701.25c/ha, Titan: 965.5 c/ha, Orange: 900.3 c/ha, Eraz (St): 853c/ha, Marine: 1055.55 c/ha. , Zeytun was 32.5 c/ha. Titan, Orange, Marine varieties stood out for their high yield, which surpassed the testers. The content of dry matter in tomato varieties Lia (St) was 7.3%, Titan: 7.5%, Orange: 7.2%, Eraz (St): 7.3%, Marine: 7.4%, Zeytun: 7.6%. Lia (St) sugar content was 4.8%, Titan: 4.9%, Orange: 4.1%, Eraz (St): 4.5%, Marine: 4.7%, Zeytun: 5.1% , vitamin C content: 35.65, 37.65, 35.75, 33.55, 33.65, 38.55 mg%, acidity - 0.45, 0.46, 0.51, 0.47, 0.48, 0.48%, respectively. Titan, Marine, Zeytun. The results of the cultivation of new varieties of tomatoes Titan, Orange, Marine, Zeytun, according to biological and agronomic assessment, are adaptive in the hot climate conditions of Armenia.

Water consumption of spring and winter wheat on chernozem soils of the Volgograd region

Scientific and practical research was carried out with the aim of establishing new approaches to the cultivation of durum varieties of spring wheat and winter wheat, the main task when starting the experiments was to obtain a wheat yield at the existing level, while offering alternatives to the classic mineral nutrition, which allows not only to obtain the planned harvest wheat but preserve the natural fertility of the soil. No less important is the fact that the experiment was carried out in a risky farming area. In this regard, it is necessary to know how the water consumption of winter and spring durum wheat develops. We used pre-sowing treatment of seed material with modern biofertilizers. But the root mass of durum wheat has a distinctive feature from the root mass of soft wheat. The root mass of durum wheat contains mycorrhiza, which interacts better with soil microflora. Together with biofertilizers, a more favorable water regime is created, which has a positive effect on yields. Along with zoned varieties, modern wheat varieties with higher plasticity and adaptability to arid conditions were studied. The experiment was carried out in 2020…2023. in the Volgograd region, on the peasant farm “Eliseev A.N” in the Mikhailovsky district, located in the southern black soil zone. The objects of testing in the experiment were varieties of durum spring wheat: Donskaya Elegiya, Krasnokutka 13 and winter durum wheat: Agat Donskoy and Aksinit with pre-sowing treatment with biofertilizers. The experiment showed that the lowest water consumption indicators were in the variants without seed treatment and they varied between varieties from 259.5 mm (Krasnokutka 13 variety) to 521.0 mm (Aksinit variety). The maximum values were observed in the variant with seed treatment with biofertilizer Gumi 20 and they amounted to 263.2 mm for the Krasnokutka 13 variety, and 265.7 mm for the Aksinit variety, respectively.

EVALUATION OF GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, AND YIELD POTENTIAL OF SEVERAL IMPORTED WAXY CORN VARIETIES IN NORTHERN VIETNAM

This study aims to evaluate the growth, development, and yield potential of several imported waxy corn (Zea mays L. var. ceratina) varieties in Northern Vietnam. A series of field trials were conducted across multiple locations to assess various agronomic traits, including germination rate, plant height, leaf area, flowering time, and grain yield. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications for each variety. Data were collected and analyzed using statistical methods to compare the performance of the different varieties. The results indicated significant differences in growth parameters and yield among the tested varieties. Certain varieties exhibited superior adaptability and productivity under the specific climatic and soil conditions of Northern Vietnam. These findings provide valuable insights for breeders and farmers in selecting the most suitable waxy corn varieties for cultivation in this region. Further research is recommended to explore the genetic and environmental factors influencing the observed variations in performance.

Features of the choice of potato (Solanum tuberosum) varieties when growing two harvests in the temperate zone of Russia.

The development of potato plants during the cultivation of two crops occurs in a short period. At the same time, field conditions change and do not repeat over time. The formation of the crop during the cultivation of two crops in the Moscow region turns out to be in different growing conditions: the first crop falls on a long day and moderate temperatures, as well as sometimes returning frosts, the second crop falls on a short day and high temperatures, as well as a lack of moisture. The purpose of our research was to substantiate the choice of varieties for cultivation of two crops. Its solution is possible with a certain guaranteed efficiency based on the theory of statistical games. The research was carried out at the Vegetable Experimental Station of the Moscow State Agrarian University named after K.A. Timiryazev and at the Central Experimental Station of the Barybino Research Institute of Agrochemistry of the Moscow Region 2017-2022. The experiment was laid by the method of random placement of plots, the predecessor was a bow. The planting density is 47.6 thousand plants per 1 ha. Germinated tubers were used for planting during the first planting of a large fraction, during the second planting of an average fraction. The second landing was carried out on the vacant place after cleaning the first landing. The cultivation technology is standard. Cleaning was carried out in mid-July and at the end of September. Statistical game theory was used to determine the choice of a variety with a certain guaranteed efficiency. As a result of forecasting in critical climatic conditions, it is necessary to plant 1 crop - varieties Riviera and for 2 crops - varieties Luck.

Agrometeorological characteristics of spring barley in the Northern Trans-Urals

The purpose of this work was to study the effect of air temperature on the duration of the growing season in Western Siberia (Russia). Material and methods: phenological observation of 6 varieties of spring barley (Abalak, Zolotnik Naran, Tandem, DLA-14 and Pasadena) was carried out for the period from 2016 to 2020. The sensitivity of varieties to temperature conditions is determined. The optimal average daily air temperature during the interphase periods was established: shoots-heading 31-35 days, and heading-ripeness 34-37 days. The optimal sums of effective temperatures above 10 ºC, necessary for the growth, and development of spring barley varieties, have been calculated. The Abalak variety was distinguished by a narrow temperature range in both interphase periods (the first period - 0.7 ºC; the second - 2.3 ºC), which indicates a low plasticity of this variety. The agrometeorological characteristic obtained from the data of field experiments can be used to identify the areas of cultivation of varieties, as well as for a scientifically based assessment of the territory in relation to the variety. The optimal, minimum air temperatures for each variety are calculated. The sensitivity of varieties to temperature changes was studied.

Micorrizas arbusculares em pomares de mangueira no semiárido brasileiro: influência da fenologia, do manejo e da variedade

ABSTRACT: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) increase the absorption surface of roots, providing greater absorption of water and nutrients from the soil by plants. Thus, it is important to know how arbuscular mycorrhizae are affected by factors such as phenology, management and varieties in mango (Mangifera indica) orchards in the irrigated semi-arid region. With this objective, soil and root samples were collected during the vegetative, flowering and fruiting stages, and in the water stress period before flowering, always on the same trees. The study was carried out in mango orchards of the Keitt and Palmer varieties, in agricultural farms located in Juazeiro - BA and Petrolina - PE, both under conventional management (with fertilizers and paclobutazol). The soil was used to quantify the number of AMF spores and phosphorus content. Mycorrhizal colonization in roots was evaluated in qualitative terms (presence of hyphae, vesicles and arbuscles) and quantitative terms (% of colonization). Total mycorrhizal colonization was high, with averages above 65%, and higher values in the fruiting period. Colonization by vesicles and arbuscles was on average above 45% and 17%, respectively, with higher means also during fruiting. The number of AMF spores in the soil averaged over 130 spores in 50 g of soil, with higher values in the period of water stress. The phosphorus content in the soil did not influence mycorrhizal colonization and the number of spores in the soil. The association of AMF with mango trees was generally affected by management and phenology, regardless of the cultivated varieties.

O cultivo orgânico de lúpulo em condições subtropicais promove mudanças fisiológicas e produtivas?

ABSTRACT: Hops are grown mainly for the brewing market due to the rich chemical composition that gives beer aroma and bitterness. Brazil is one of the largest beer producers and consumers in the world and one of the largest hop importers. There is growing demand and interest in producing hops for domestic supply; however, as this crop originates from a temperate climate and the Northern Hemisphere, it is important to carry out research that describes the development of hops in a tropical climate to provide information on its cultivation in Brazil, as well as to determine its behavior in organic cultivation. A randomized block design was adopted, the treatments consisted of two cropping systems, conventional and organic, for Hallertau Mittelfrueh variety cultivation, with four blocks and three plants per plot. Gas exchange analyzes of plants under both cultivation systems were performed to obtain measurements of A, g s , Ci, E, WUE and A/Ci, morphometric and yield analyzes were also carried out. In comparison with the plants of the organic system, the plants of the conventional cultivation had greater photosynthetic efficiency; however, the practices adopted in the organic cultivation system provided the plants with greater productive capacity.

Characterization of New Rice Genotypes for Blast and Brown Spot Disease Resistance and Iron-Toxicity Tolerance in Burkina Faso

Rice production in Burkina Faso is threatened by a number of abiotic and biotic constraints, including iron toxicity and main fungal diseases that limit the potential of cultivated varieties. The general objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of new rice genotypes against main biotic and abiotic stresses. A total of 08 genotypes were tested allowed a Fisher block design with 03 replicates. Assessments focused on severity of iron toxicity, the severity and incidence of blast and brown spot disease and agro-morphological traits. The GRS IR-6-S3-Y1-D genotype was the most sensitive to iron toxicity, while the Sahel 108, BF19AR006 and SV1CP genotypes were the most resistant. As for fungal diseases, severity scores ranged from 4.33 to 7.67 for blast and from 4.00 to 7.03 for brown spot disease while incidence rates were 88.33% and 81.67% for blast and brown spot disease respectively. Genotype IR93654-10-3-2-1-ARS-SALS was resistant to both blast and brown spot disease. Person's correlation matrix showed both positive and negative correlations between the various agro-morphological parameters and pathological traits. Hierarchical ascending classification showed that the SV1CP and IR93654-10-3-2-1-ARS-SALS genotypes performed better agronomically. with yields of over 7.000 kg/ha and showed good tolerance to iron toxicity, blast and brown spot disease.

INFLUENCE OF THE ROOTSTOCK P1103 AND SO4 ON THE BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CABERNET SAUVIGNON VARIETY

Cabernet Sauvignon is one of the most widespread grape varieties, both in the world and in Serbia and is used for the production of high quality red wines. The rootstocks P 1103 and SO4 are widely used in Serbian viticulture. The choice of rootstock can significantly influence the biological characteristics of cultivated variety, especially through qualitative parameters of bunch and the berry. The research was conducted in the wine-growing region of Šumadija. The vineyard was planted in 2009 with a row spacing of 2.3 m and between rows 0.8 m. The aim of the work was to determine the influence of rootstock P1103 and SO4 on the biological characteristics of the Cabernet Sauvignon variety. The work contains data related to phenological observations, vegetative and reproductive potential, yield, uvological composition of grapes and berries, and qualitative characteristics of grape juice. Phenological observations revealed no differences in the length of phenophases. A higher average shoot growth was observed on rootstock P 1103 (150.9 cm). A higher number of developed inflorescences (13.7) was observed on rootstock SO4, while the average yield was higher on rootstock P 1103 (1.723 kg). The uvological observations of bunches and berries showed higher values on the rootstock P 1103 for the following parameters: average weight of the bunch (175.4 g), number of berries in the bunch (151.6), weight of the bunch stem (5.5 g), weight of skin of 100 berries (11.9 g) and seed mass of 100 berries (7.2 g). The sugar content of grape juice was higher in rootstock P 1103 (27.16%), while the content of total acids was generally higher in rootstock SO4 (8.3 g/l).

EFFECTIVENESS OF CYTOKININ PREPARATIONS FOR IMPROVING CALLUSOGENESIS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE OF GRAPE CUTTINGS (VITIS VINIFERA L.)

EFFECTIVENESS OF CYTOKININ PREPARATIONS FOR IMPROVING CALLUSOGENESIS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE OF GRAPE CUTTINGS (VITIS VINIFERA L.)

KNOWLEDGE AND ADOPTION LEVEL OF FARMERS WITH RESPECT TO PACKAGE OF PRACTICES OF BASMATI RICE CULTIVATION

The present study was conducted to find out the knowledge level of basmati rice growers in Shahjahanpur district of Uttar Pradesh. The data was collected through personal interview schedule from the basmati rice growers for the investigation based on their knowledge of package of practices in basmati rice cultivation. The study reported that majority (77.50%) of basmati rice growers were having high knowledge about land preparation, (65.00%) use of green manuring, (56.66%) basmati rice growers were having high knowledge of harvesting of basmati rice and the majority (84.17%) basmati rice growers were having medium knowledge about transplanting and (81.66%) selection of improved basmati rice varieties for basmati rice cultivation. The study also reported that the majority (77.50%) of rice growers were having low knowledge about soil treatment and (45.83%) use of balanced fertilizers in basmati rice cultivation. The study further reported that the majority (87.50%) of the basmati rice growers were fully using sandy loam and loamy soil for basmati rice cultivation and the majority (87.50%) of the basmati rice growers were fully adopted proper field preparation practices for basmati rice cultivation in the study area. The study also reported that the majority (80.83%) of the basmati rice growers were fully adopted harvesting time of basmati rice.