ВЛИЯНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА МАТОЧНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ ВИНОГРАДА НА ИХ СПОСОБНОСТЬ К ВЕГЕТАТИВНОМУ РАЗМНОЖЕНИЮ

Abstract

For many years, grapes were considered to be an unpromising crop in the conditions of the Central Non-Black Earth Zone but their wider spread has been encouraged by the appear- ance of new varieties whose berries ripen in a relatively short time. The assortment of modern grape varieties for amateur cultivation in the non-Black Earth Zone consists mainly of interspecific hybrids based on Vitis amurensis Rupr., Vitis riparia Michx., Vitis labrusca L., Vitis berlandieri Planch., which causes problems with their vegetative propagation. The article is devoted to the study of the effect of the method of obtaining planting material from vine mother plants on the increase of the regenerative capacity of the singletree cuttings obtained from them. During the threeyear research on the grape varieties Kishmish No. 342 and Moskovskiy Beliy, experiments were carried out on the additional growth of mother plants propagated by green and singletree cuttings and by the method of clonal micropropagation. As a result of the research, the advantage of using the technology of clonal micropropagation in the production of seedlings for the establishment of vine mother plantations was revealed. At the same time, the variety Kishmish No. 342 showed reliable differences from the control in terms of development indicators from the 2nd year of cultivation, and the variety Moskovskiy Beliy – from the 3rd year. Both varieties received 1.8–2.1 times more standard seedlings from mother plants propagated in vitro for three years on the basis of high rooting ability of singletree cuttings and the proportion of seedlings according to GOST 31783–2012.