Pear Cultivars Research Articles

A Review of Storage Temperature Recommendations for Apples and Pears.

An exploration of the range of expert opinions on the optimum storage temperature for apples and pears in RA (refrigerated air), CA (controlled atmosphere), and DCA (dynamic controlled atmosphere) is provided, based on the accumulated postharvest data from the last 20 years. Apple cultivars have been divided into two storage temperature groups (0 to 1 °C and >1 °C), based on chilling sensitivity. Increasingly, gradual cooling, rather than rapid cooling, is recommended for apple cultivars, especially for chilling-sensitive cultivars. European pear cultivars are held at storage temperatures close to or just below 0 °C since they are not chilling-sensitive, and most cultivars require a cold temperature to induce ethylene production and ripening, especially if picked early for long-term storage. Asian pears apparently have higher temperature requirements in CA, compared with European pears. The temperature recommendations for RA and CA storage differ in some apple and European pear cultivars. In such cases, the CA recommendation is, on average, approximately 0.9 °C higher for apple cultivars and approximately 0.5 °C higher for pear cultivars, compared with RA. Research evidence suggests that some apple and pear cultivars can be stored at higher temperatures in DCA than in CA, and if the ethylene inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), is applied in CA and/or DCA, leading to possible energy savings and quality benefits. A cool growing season may increase postharvest disorders, depending on cultivar and region. The store or packinghouse manager may choose to mitigate potential postharvest problems by maintaining the storage temperature at or above the temperature listed here and/or using stepwise (gradual) cooling. The storage temperature can affect the humidity and vapour pressure deficit (driving force) in the storage room. Altering the vapour pressure deficit controls the water loss in stored fruit, which can affect various quality parameters and the occurrence of several storage disorders.

1-Methylcyclopropene delays degradation of peel greenness but induces internal physiological disorders in cold-stored fruit of interspecific pears

The green-skinned interspecific ‘Greensis’ pear cultivar is a promising pear cultivar due to its crispness, juiciness, and strong resistance to scab disease. Postharvest storability and metabolic activity can be maintained by treating cold-stored pears with 1 μL L−1 of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 16 hr at 22 °C. After 1-MCP treatment, the ‘Greensis’ pears were stored at 0.5 °C for up to 6 months, after which they were transferred at 22 °C for 7 days of shelf life. 1-MCP treatment had no visible effects on physiological responses, such as fruit weight loss, firmness, titratable acidity, and soluble solids content. However, metabolic profile analyses indicated that the 1-MCP-treated fruit had lower levels of amino acids and soluble carbohydrates (except for sucrose) than the control fruit. The incidence of cortex browning and cavities was much higher in 1-MCP-treated fruit than in untreated fruit. Similarly, the chroma values of the peel and cortex tissues were higher in 1-MCP-treated fruit than in untreated fruit. Moreover, the total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a contents were more preserved in 1-MCP-treated fruit than in untreated pears. Overall, 1-MCP treatment increased sucrose, chlorophyll a, and total chlorophyll contents, thus delaying chlorophyll degradation during storage. These results suggested that 1-MCP treatment delayed the skin color degradation of interspecific ‘Greensis’ pears during storage and prevented changes in the profiles of major metabolites. Nevertheless, the incidence and severity of cortex browning and cavities were highly increased in 1-MCP-treated fruit during storage.

Comparison of the shoot and blossom susceptibility of European and Asian pear cultivars to fire blight across different conditions

The susceptibility of 14 pear cultivars to the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight disease, was evaluated using three different methods of in vivo inoculation – the leaf inoculation method on detached shoots of pear cultivars in a climate chamber, and the terminal shoot and blossom inoculation methods on potted trees of the same pear cultivars in a net house. The results of the artificial inoculations of the European and Asian pear cultivars were compared using the susceptibility score scale, as well as the ANOVA and post hoc methods. The differences among the pear cultivar susceptibility increased during the evaluation periods in the given year, but there were no significant differences between the annual evaluation in 2020 and 2021. The results of the pear cultivar susceptibility after inoculation of the detached shoots differed significantly from the results of the terminal shoot and blossom inoculation. The detached shoot susceptibility under pathogen-favourable conditions in the climate chamber was lower than the terminal shoot and blossom susceptibility in the net house for most pear cultivars. In both years, the highest values of the terminal shoot and blossom susceptibility were coincidently calculated for the Ananaska českĂĄ European old cultivar and the Nijissejkii Asian cultivar.

The transcription factor PbrbZIP52 positively affects pear pollen tube longevity by promoting callose synthesis.

In pear (Pyrus bretschneideri), pollen tube growth is critical for the double fertilization associated with seed setting, which in turn affects fruit yield. The normal deposition of callose mediates the polar growth of pollen tubes. However, the mechanism regulating callose synthesis in pollen tubes remains relatively uncharacterized. In this study, we revealed that the typical pear pollen tube lifecycle has a semi-growth duration (GD50) of 16.16 h under in vitro culture conditions. Moreover, callose plugs were deposited throughout the pollen tube lifecycle. The formation of callose plugs was inhibited by 2-deoxy-D-glucose, which also accelerated the senescence of pear pollen tubes. Additionally, PbrCalS1B.1, which encodes a plasma membrane-localized callose synthase, was expressed specifically in pollen tubes and restored the fertility of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cals5 mutant, in which callose synthesis is inhibited. However, this restoration of fertility was impaired by the transient silencing of PbrCalS1B.1, which restricts callose plug formation and shortens the pear pollen tube lifecycle. More specifically, PbrbZIP52 regulated PbrCalS1B.1 transcription by binding to promoter A-box elements to maintain the periodic formation of callose plugs and normal pollen tube growth, ultimately leading to double fertilization. This study confirmed that PbrbZIP52 positively affects pear pollen tube longevity by promoting callose synthesis. This finding may be useful for breeding high-yielding pear cultivars and stabilizing fruit setting in commercial orchards.

Chinese Traditional Pear Paste: Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant Activities and Quality Evaluation.

As a traditional folk medicine, pear paste has important nutritional and health effects. The physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of pear pastes prepared from 23 different cultivars were investigated, including color parameters ( L*, a*, b* and h°), transmittance, pH, titratable acidity (TA), soluble sugar content, total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), DPPH and •OH radical scavenging activity (RSA), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). It was demonstrated that the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of pear pastes from various cultivars differed significantly. Pear cultivars of "Mantianhong", "Xiangshui" and "Anli" possessing higher TPC and TFC exhibited excellent antioxidant activity determined by DPPH RSA, •OH RSA and FRAP, while the lowest TPC and TFC was observed for the cultivars of "Xueqing", "Nansui", "Hongxiangsu", and "Xinli No. 7", which also demonstrated the poor antioxidant activity. Multivariate analyses, including factor and cluster analysis, were used for the quality evaluation and separation of pear pastes based on their physicochemical and antioxidant properties. Factor analysis reduced the above thirteen parameters to final four effective ones, i.e. DPPH RSA, color b*, FRAP and TA, and subsequently these four parameters were used to construct the comprehensive evaluation prediction model for evaluating the quality of pear pastes. The pear pastes could be separated into three clusters and differentiated for the diverse of pear cultivars via cluster analysis. Consistently, "Mantianhong", "Xiangshui" and "Anli" pear with higher quality clustered into one group, in contrast, "Xueqing", "Nansui", "Hongxiangsu", and "Xinli No. 7" with lower quality clustered into the other group. It provided a theoretical method to evaluate the quality of pear paste and may help the fruit processing industry select the more suitable pear cultivars for pear paste making.

Pest categorisation of Xylella taiwanensis.

The EFSA Plant Health Panelperformed a pest categorisation of Xylella taiwanensis, a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the Xanthomonadaceae. The pathogen is a well-defined taxonomic entity, and it is the causal agent of the pear leaf scorch. X. taiwanensis is present in subtropical and temperate areas of the island of Taiwan, where it affects low chilling pear cultivars of the species Pyrus pyrifolia (Asian pear). No other plant species are reported to be affected by the pathogen. The pathogen is not known to be present in the EU territory and it is not included in the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072. The main pathway for the entry of the pathogen into the EU territory is host plants for planting (except seeds); another possible pathway might be represented by putative insect vectors, though their identity remains unknown. The cultivated area of P. pyrifolia in the EU territory is very limited. Conversely, the genetically related P. communis is widely cultivated in most EU Member States and there is no information so far on the susceptibility of its several cultivars. Should the pest establish in the EU, economic impact is expected, provided that suitable insect vectors are present and P. communis is as susceptible to infection as P. pyrifolia. Phytosanitary measures are available to prevent the introduction and spread of the pathogen into the EU, since plants for planting from Taiwan is a closed pathway; nonetheless, putative vectors, if confirmed and identified, may represent an additional risk of the pathogen's introduction and spread. The lack of knowledge on whether X. taiwanensis can infect P. communis, the identity and presence of suitable vectors in the EU lead to key uncertainties on entry, establishment, spread and impact. X. taiwanensis satisfies the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this species to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest.

Virusi i viroidi kruške

One of the most common fruit species in the world is the pears. Compared to stone and small fruit trees, pears and other pome fruits are infected by a lesser number of viruses and viroids. The majority of commercial pear cultivars do not exhibit symptoms on their leaves, fruits, or other plant parts due to viruses. Only foliage and fruits show symptoms in susceptible cultivars. Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), apple chlorotic leafspot virus (ACLSV), and apple mosaic virus (ApMV) are widespread and economically significant pear viruses. Pear blister canker viroid (PBCVd) and apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) are the most dangerous viroids infecting pears.

Diaspis echinocacti (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on cactus pear cladodes: biological aspects at different temperatures.

The scale mealybug, Diaspis echinocacti (Bouché, 1833) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), is one of the main pests of the cactus pear in Brazil. The objective was to study biological aspects of D. echinocacti at the constant temperatures of 25, 28, 30, 33 and 35 °C with relative humidity of 60 ± 10% and photoperiod of 12 hours in the laboratory on the cactus pear cultivar, "Orelha de Elefante Mexicana", Opuntia stricta [Haw.] Haw. The development period (22 to 35 days) and survival in the egg (92 to 100%) and nymph (21.8 to 100%) stages and of the egg-adult cycle (20 to 100%), longevity (34.1 to 59.6 days) and fecundity (33 to 112 eggs) of D. echinocacti females with the different temperature and absence of males at the highest temperatures (> 30°C), indicated that the range between 25 °C and 30°C is the most favorable for this scale mealybug. This information may help to improve integrated management programs for D. echinocacti, in areas subject to seasonal temperature changes in the Brazilian regions where cactus pear is cultivated.

Production stability of pear cultivars for cultivation in the subtropical altitude climate

Production stability of pear cultivars for cultivation in the subtropical altitude climate

Physicochemical, antioxidative and sensory properties of pre-treated sliced pear cultivar during frozen storage

Pear is a typical fruit of temperate zones with high nutritive values and organoleptic properties, but when this fresh fruit being harvested, it will undergo chemical changes which can cause spoilage and product deterioration. Freezing could be as a preservative method to maintain quality attributes (colour, texture) of fresh produce that change over time. The purpose of this study is to determine ascorbic acid content and antioxidant activity of frozen fruit treated with osmotic solution. Pears were pre-treated with blanching, osmotic and both blanching and osmotic solution prior to freezing. Two varieties of pear fruit which are Asian pear and Packham pear were analyzed for physicochemical (colour and texture), antioxidative properties (ascorbic acid content, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content) and sensory acceptability. The pears were subjected to different pre-treatments prior to freezing such as blanching and osmotic solution during storage. The results showed that colour attributes of frozen pears were significantly affected by treatment which in contrast to texture properties of frozen pears during storage. Ascorbic acid content of frozen Packham pear was recorded the highest (6.38 ± 0.96 mg/100 g) after treated in osmotic solution compared to frozen Asian pear, the highest (4.62 ± 1.15 mg/100 g) was found in blanching treatment prior to storage, both tested after day 1 of storage. When treated in blanching treatment, the antioxidant activity of frozen Packham pear using DPPH assay exhibited (84.61 ± 0.69 %) contains high scavenging activity on day 1, while for Asian pear (67.63 ± 2.37 %) in blanching treatment on day 3. Using seven-point hedonic scale, sensory acceptability shows that frozen Asian pear treated in osmotic solution was highly rated among consumers with overall acceptance of 5.80 ± 0.85. Thus, combination of pre-treatment which were osmotic and blanching and freezing helps to retain the quality of frozen pears during period of storage.

Determination of Phenological and Morphological Characteristics of Some Standard Pear Cultivars on Different Quince Clonal Rootstocks

This study was conducted to determine the effects of Quince BA29 (BA29), Quince A (QA), and Quince C (MC) rootstocks on phenological and morphological characteristics of ‘Deveci’, ‘Santa Maria’, ‘Abate Fetel’, and ‘Williams’ pear cultivars in Bafra (Samsun) ecological conditions between 2020-2021 years. It has been determined that the effect of rootstocks and cultivars on phenological characteristics was significant. In the study, the earliest flowering and harvest were in ‘Abate Fetel’, the latest flowering was in ‘Williams’, and the latest harvest was in the ‘Deveci’ cultivar. The highest rootstock diameter, trunk diameter and tree height were in BA29 and the lowest in MC rootstock. The highest canopy volume was determined in the ‘Santa Maria’ cultivar and the lowest in the ‘Williams’ cultivar. The effect of rootstocks and cultivars on leaf area was significant and the highest leaf area was determined in ‘Santa Maria’/QA combination. Annual shoot length of the MC rootstock was lower than the other rootstocks. It is thought that it would be more appropriate to continue the research for a long time to determine the most suitable cultivar/rootstock combination as a result of the data obtained due to the young trees of the plants where the research was carried out.

Quality Performance of Some Local Pear Cultivars on BA29 Rootstock under High Density Planting

The study aimed to assess the fruit quality characteristics of some local pears grafted on BA29 quince clone rootstock in 2021 and 2022. Pomological, chemical and sensory analyzes were carried out to evaluate fruit quality characteristics. All examined pomological properties were found to be statistically significant. The fruit weight (195.47 g), fruit width (73.56 mm), fruit height (73.72 mm), fruit stalk thickness (3.94 mm) and fruit volume (193.30 ml) of the ‘Karpuz’ pear were higher than the other cultivars. The highest fruit length (90.96 mm) and fruit stalk length (40.22 mm) in the ‘Eşek’ pear; the highest flesh firmness (9.35 kg cm-2) was determined in the ‘Harman’ pear. The total Soluble solid (TSS) content of the ‘Kara’ and ‘Rıza’ pears was higher (16.83% and 16.50%) than the other cultivars. In the color of the fruit skin; the highest L* value was determined in ‘Gelin’, a* value in the ‘Harman’, b* and chroma values in the ‘Karpuz’ and hue angle in the ‘Rıza’ cultivar. The highest L* value was in the ‘Harman’, a* value was in the ‘Kuşak’, b*, chroma and hue angle values were in the ‘Gelin’ pear in terms of fruit flesh color. While ‘Macar’, ‘Harman’ and ‘Eşek’ cultivars had the highest juiciness value, ‘Macar’ and ‘Kuşak’ had the lowest taste and aroma. The highest taste and aroma values were in the ‘Kadın PArmak’ pear; the best visual quality was determined in the ‘Eşek’ cultivar. The highest titratable acid content was observed from the ‘Rıza’ (0.60%). In the study, it was found that the ‘Karpuz’ had higher pomological properties. In general, ‘Karpuz’, ‘Eşek’, and ‘Gelin’ pears exhibited better quality performances in the study. According to the results of the research, ‘Karpuz’, ‘Eşek’ and ‘Gelin’ local cultivars can be recommended for more detailed evoluations. In addition, the local cultivars used in the research can be used as genetic resources.

Fruit quality assessment of some Romanian pear cultivars

Fruit quality assessment of some Romanian pear cultivars

Comparison of structural variants detected by PacBio-CLR and ONT sequencing in pear

BackgroundStructural variations (SVs) have recently become a topic of great interest in the area of genetic diversity and trait regulation. As genomic sequencing technologies have rapidly advanced, longer reads have been used to identify SVs at high resolution and with increased accuracy. It is important to choose a suitable sequencing platform and appropriate sequencing depth for SV detection in the pear genome.ResultsIn this study, two types of long reads from sequencing platforms, continuous long reads from Pacific Biosciences (PB-CLR) and long reads from Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT), were used to comprehensively analyze and compare SVs in the pear genome. The mapping rate of long reads was higher when the program Minimap2 rather than the other three mapping tools (NGMLR, LRA and Winnowmap2) was used. Three SV detection programs (Sniffles_v2, CuteSV, and Nanovar) were compared, and Nanovar had the highest sensitivity in detecting SVs at low sequencing depth (10–15×). A sequencing depth of 15× was suitable for SV detection in the pear genome using Nanovar. SVs detected by Sniffles_v2 and CuteSV with ONT reads had the high overlap with presence/absence variations (PAVs) in the pear cultivars ‘Bartlett’ and ‘Dangshansuli’, both of them with 38% of insertions and 55% of deletions overlapping with PAVs at sequencing depth of 30×. For the ONT sequencing data, over 37,526 SVs spanning ~ 28 Mb were identified by all three software packages for the ‘Bartlett’ and ‘Dangshansuli’ genomes. Those SVs were annotated and combined with transcriptome profiles derived from ‘Bartlett’ and ‘Dangshansuli’ fruit flesh at 60 days after cross-pollination. Several genes related to levels of sugars, acid, stone cells, and aromatic compounds were identified among the SVs. Transcription factors were then predicted among those genes, and results included bHLH, ERF, and MYB genes.ConclusionSV detection is of great significance in exploring phenotypic differences between pear varieties. Our study provides a framework for assessment of different SV software packages and sequencing platforms that can be applied in other plant genome studies. Based on these analyses, ONT sequencing data was determined to be more suitable than PB-CLR for SV detection in the pear genome. This analysis model will facilitate screening of genes related to agronomic traits in other crops.

The low ferric chelate reductase activity and high apoplastic pH in leaves cause iron deficiency chlorosis in ‘Huangguan’ pears grafted onto quince A grown in calcareous soil

Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) is a dwarfing rootstock often used in pear cultivation. However, the pear cultivar ‘Huangguan’ (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. cv) grafted onto quince A (HG-QA) suffered iron (Fe) deficiency chlorosis in the calcareous soils of North China, while ‘Huangguan’ grafted onto Pyrus betulifolia (HG-PB) did not. We hypothesized that the higher leaf apoplastic pH of HG-QA than HG-PB causes Fe deficiency chlorosis by restricting Fe transportation within leaves. Three-year-old rootstocks quince A and Pyrus betulifolia and the combinations HG-QA and HG-PB were grown in the same orchard in a calcareous soil. Newly expanded leaves were analysed for Fe related properties. Micro X-ray fluorescence analysis was used for Fe mapping within the individual leaves. The extractable Fe(II) concentrations in quince A and HG-QA leaves were much lower than those in Pyrus betulifolia and HG-PB, even though the total leaf Fe concentrations were similar. More Fe was located near the leaf midrib in quince A and HG-QA than in Pyrus betulifolia and HG-PB. These were correlated with the lower ferric chelate reductase (FCR) activity in the chlorotic leaves of the quince A rootstock than Pyrus betulifolia and the lower FCR activity and higher apoplastic pH in the chlorotic leaves of the HG-QA rootstock-scion combination than HG-PB. In conclusion, the reduced Fe availability within the leaves caused by the lower FCR activity and higher apoplastic pH compared with those of HG-PB led to HG-QA leaf chlorosis in calcareous soils. This result implies that rootstocks are involved in the regulation of leaf Fe utilization by scions.

Pomological and physicochemical properties of traditional pear cultivars in Karlovac County, Croatia

Traditional pear cultivars are mainly found as hereditary single trees in backyards, yards, gardens, or as solitary trees in parks, along roads and on forest edges. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pomological and physicochemical characteristics of 13 traditional Croatian pear cultivars, studied in Karlovac County area, in central Croatia, and to filter out potential cultivars for further cultivation or breeding. The analyzes traits showed that the cultivars differed significantly in the characteristics studied, i.e., fruit weight, height and width, fruit index, peduncle length and thickness, fruit firmness, number of sound and empty seeds in relation to the weight of sound seeds, soluble solids content, acidity, ratio of soluble solids to total acidity, pH. The cultivars ‘Krasanka’ and ‘Dugačka’ stood out for their fruit size and harmonious ratio of soluble solids and acids, while the cultivar ‘Tepka’ stood out for its high soluble solids content, which makes it a valuable raw material for distilling. Considering the diversity of pomological characteristics, their potential as sources of genetic variation, and their possible tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress factors, it is important to preserve traditional pear cultivars as a source of quality fruit for consumption or processing, protecting these valuable genetic resources together to the biodiversity of the area where they grow.

Enzymatic and non-enzymatic response of grafted and ungrafted young European pear (Pyrus communis L.) trees to drought stress

The optimization and selection of the scion-rootstock combination are commonly based on its physiological and biochemical alterations capacity, especially in the rootstock, which is significant to elucidate the mechanisms associated with water stress tolerance. To verify the antioxidant defense systems under drought stress, two ungrafted rootstocks, `Dargazi᾿ seedling (D) and `Pyrodwarf᾿ clonal (P), and two pear scion cultivars including `Dargazi᾿ (D) and `Louise Bonne᾿ (L), that were grafted on the studied rootstocks were examined. We considered growth and chlorophyll fluorescence traits, some oxidative stress markers, and non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant parameters in plants subjected to different soil water regimes. Treatments were, well-watered as control (100% FC), moderate (60% FC), and severe drought (30% FC) under greenhouse conditions. Drought stress influenced chlorophyll fluorescence contents and limited the quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), mainly in P rootstock. In contrast, the highest specific leaf area (SLA), and lowest leaf mass area (LMA) was observed in the P rootstock, which indicated that the P rootstock was more sensitive to drought stress. Physiological and biochemical alterations and the main components of multivariate analysis showed that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were accumulated under water deficit conditions, and P and D rootstocks showed a higher level of H2O2. We found a reduction in chlorophyll pigments, carotenoid (CAR), and ascorbic acid (AA), by drought stress, which had the highest amount in P and D rootstocks. Water stress directly influenced anthocyanin (ANT), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX), and ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) activity, especially under severe stress levels, and there was a high activity of GPOX in grafted combinations. In general, rootstocks showed more oxidative stress than grafted combinations because of the high increase in H2O2 and MDA, and response to stress by the accumulation of some enzymatic and non-enzymatic factors. However, grafted combinations mostly showed better tolerance with the enzymatic antioxidant defense system, which can be the result of resistance induced by rootstocks and the cultivar's capacity to minimize the negative effects of drought stress.

“CenSall,” a Pear Cultivar with Thin Fruit Skin and Small Core

“CenSall,” a Pear Cultivar with Thin Fruit Skin and Small Core

The comparative analysis of pectin methyl esterase activity of the bagged fruits of pear cultivars based on methanol assay

ISHS III International Organic Fruit Symposium and I International Organic Vegetable Symposium The comparative analysis of pectin methyl esterase activity of the bagged fruits of pear cultivars based on methanol assay

Monitoring Volatile Organic Compounds in Different Pear Cultivars during Storage Using HS-SPME with GC-MS

Aroma, which plays an essential role in food perception and acceptability, depends on various mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Meanwhile, as a field of metabolomics, VOC analysis is highly important for aroma improvement and discrimination purposes. In this work, VOCs in pear fruits were determined via headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to study variations among different cultivars and storage stages. In 12 cultivars of pear fruits, a total of 121 VOCs were quantified, including 40 esters, 32 alcohols, 16 aldehydes, 13 alkenes, 11 ketones, 4 acids, and 5 other compounds. The types and amounts of VOCs in different cultivars varied dramatically, which were in the range of 13-71 and 3.63-55.65 mg/kg FW (fresh weight), respectively. The Dr. Guyot cultivar showed the highest level of VOCs, both in type and amount. After 21 days storage at 4 °C, total concentration of VOCs increased from initial levels of 50.76 to 101.33 mg/kg FW. Storage at 20 °C made a larger contribution to production for VOCs than that at 4 °C, resulting in the maximum content of VOCs (117.96 mg/kg FW) in fruit after 14 days storage at 4 °C plus 7 days at 20 °C. During storage, the content of esters showed a gradual increase, while the content of alcohols and aldehydes decreased. Based on the results presented, related alcohols were recognized as the intermediates of conversion from aldehydes to esters.