Cube System Research Articles

Flexural Behavior of 3D-Printed Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Nylon Lattice Beams.

This study investigates the flexural behavior of 3D-printed multi-topology lattice beams, with a specific emphasis on octet and cube lattice geometries created through fused deposition modeling (FDM). The mechanical properties of these beams were evaluated through quasi-static three-point bending tests. A comparative analysis of load-carrying capacity, energy absorption, and specific energy absorption (SEA) indicates that octet lattice beams exhibit superior performance to cube lattice beams. The octet lattice beam in the triple-layer double-column (TL-DC) arrangement absorbed 14.99 J of energy, representing a 38% increase compared to the 10.86 J absorbed by the cube lattice beam in the same design. The specific energy absorption (SEA) of the octet beam was measured at 0.39 J/g, which exceeds the 0.29 J/g recorded for the cube beam. Two distinct types of deformations were identified for the struts and the beam layers. Octet struts exhibit enhanced performance in stretch-dominated zones, whereas the cube system demonstrates superior efficacy in compressive-dominated regions. The results highlight the enhanced efficacy of octet lattice structures in energy absorption and mechanical stability maintenance. The investigation of sandwich lattice topologies integrating octet and cube structures indicates that while hybrid designs may exhibit efficiency, uniform octet structures yield superior performance. This study provides valuable insights into the structural design and optimization of lattice systems for applications requiring high-energy absorption and mechanical robustness.

CuBe: a geminivirus-based copper-regulated expression system suitable for post-harvest activation.

The growing demand for sustainable platforms for biomolecule manufacturing has fuelled the development of plant-based production systems. Agroinfiltration, the current industry standard, offers several advantages but faces limitations for large-scale production due to high operational costs and batch-to-batch variability. Alternatively, here, we describe the CuBe system, a novel bean yellow dwarf virus (BeYDV)-derived conditional replicative expression platform stably transformed in Nicotiana benthamiana and activated by copper sulphate (CuSO4), an inexpensive and widely used agricultural input. The CuBe system utilizes a synthetic circuit of four genetic modules integrated into the plant genome: (i) a replicative vector harbouring the gene of interest (GOI) flanked by cis-acting elements for geminiviral replication and novelly arranged to enable transgene transcription exclusively upon formation of the circular replicon, (ii) copper-inducible Rep/RepA proteins essential for replicon formation, (iii) the yeast-derived CUP2-Gal4 copper-responsive transcriptional activator for Rep/RepA expression, and (iv) a copper-inducible Flp recombinase to minimize basal Rep/RepA expression. CuSO4 application triggers the activation of the system, leading to the formation of extrachromosomal replicons, expression of the GOI, and accumulation of the desired recombinant protein. We demonstrate the functionality of the CuBe system in N. benthamiana plants expressing high levels of eGFP and an anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody upon copper treatment. Notably, the system is functional in post-harvest applications, a strategy with high potential impact for large-scale biomanufacturing. This work presents the CuBe system as a promising alternative to agroinfiltration for cost-effective and scalable production of recombinant proteins in plants.

Predication of novel ordered phases in Cu-Be system at ambient pressure: Crystal structures, electronic properties, and alloying mechanism

The crystal and electronic structures determine a material's physical and chemical properties. Here, using particle swarm optimization method and first-principles calculations, we conducted a systematically investigation on the ordered CuxBey alloys. Two novel stable phase CuxBey (P4¯m2-CuBe3, and I4/mmm-Cu2Be) and five novel metastable CuxBey alloys (F4¯3m-CuBe5, P21/m-CuBe4, P4/mmm-Cu3Be, P4/mmm-Cu4Be, and P4/mmm-Cu5Be) are predicted for the first time. The primary alloying form of ordered CuxBey alloys is the substitution of certain Be atoms for some Cu atoms in the FCC-Cu according to structural study. Obvious valence electrons transfer from Be to Cu and the lattice interstice are observed, which leads to Cu exhibiting negative valence state in CuxBey and Be-rich CuxBey acting as zero-dimensional electrides. Furthermore, these Be-rich CuxBey have good structural stability due to the interaction between interstitial anionic electrons and Be atoms in the Be-tetrahedron. These findings help us in the design and application of CuxBey alloys and related materials.

Environmental and Economic Assessment of Membrane Capacitive Deionization (MCDI) and Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis (LPRO) for Sustainable Irrigation in the Mediterranean Region

Ensuring the sustainability of a product or a system requires a thorough evaluation of its environmental and socioeconomic impacts. In this context, one of the objectives of the EU-PRIMA SmaCuMed project is to evaluate the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of the Smart Cube system. The Smart Cube was developed for the PV-powered desalination of brackish groundwater with membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) and low-pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO); it additionally uses smart sensors for controlled irrigation in remote agricultural areas in Morocco, as an example for the North African region. Based on the Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment approach, this paper aims to assess the environmental and economic impacts of the Smart Cube, using Life Cycle Costing (LCC) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analyses for environmental evaluation. Various scenarios have been defined for both environmental and economic assessments. Based on 1 m3 of produced desalinated water, the LCC results showed that, when using the desalination technologies directly connected to the grid, the prices are lower than those obtained when it was supplied by the PV system. This is only due to the very low energy prices from the Moroccan grid (EUR 0.10/kWh). The LCC results showed that LPRO is a more cost-effective option for producing desalinated water, with a lower total cost compared to MCDI. However, LCA results indicated that LPRO has a higher environmental impact compared to MCDI. If higher water production capacity is a priority, MCDI connected to PV is the best choice, with lower carbon emission but higher overall water costs.

RO-BIK—A robotic approach to developing dynamic architecture

This article presents a design proposal for a socially engaging, architecturally dynamic, and adaptable pavilion that fosters interaction among individuals. The pavilion aims to bridge the gap between open and enclosed spaces in university campuses or other cultural settings, maximizing their vibrancy. To achieve this objective, the design incorporates principles of robotics and data-driven analysis to examine the mechanics, form, and modes of interaction of mobile elements, expressed through computer-coded language. The article delves into the design process and highlights key features of the pavilion, emphasizing its adaptability to variable conditions and its capacity to guide and facilitate people’s movements and interactions. Furthermore, it explores the potential of motion within architecture by utilizing mechanics and programmability inspired by the Rubik’s Cube system. The article also provides the technical design of all components and focuses on the Multipurpose Path Planning (MTP) approach as a guiding principle for the RO-BIK project.

Interactive microsurgical anatomy education using photogrammetry 3D models and an augmented reality cube.

This study sought to assess the use of an augmented reality (AR) tool for neurosurgical anatomical education. Three-dimensional models were created using advanced photogrammetry and registered onto a handheld AR foam cube imprinted with scannable quick response codes. A perspective analysis of the cube anatomical system was performed by loading a 3D photogrammetry model over a motorized turntable to analyze changes in the surgical window area according to the horizontal rotation. The use of the cube as an intraoperative reference guide for surgical trainees was tested during cadaveric dissection exercises. Neurosurgery trainees from international programs located in Ankara, Turkey; San Salvador, El Salvador; and Moshi, Tanzania, interacted with and assessed the 3D models and AR cube system and then completed a 17-item graded user experience survey. Seven photogrammetry 3D models were created and imported to the cube. Horizontal turntable rotation of the cube translated to measurable and realistic perspective changes in the surgical window area. The combined 3D models and cube system were used to engage trainees during cadaveric dissections, with satisfactory user experience. Thirty-five individuals (20 from Turkey, 10 from El Salvador, and 5 from Tanzania) agreed that the cube system could enhance the learning experience for neurosurgical anatomy. The AR cube combines tactile and visual sensations with high-resolution 3D models of cadaveric dissections. Inexpensive and lightweight, the cube can be effectively implemented to allow independent co-visualization of anatomical dissection and can potentially supplement neurosurgical education.

Prototyping of Utilization Model for KOMPSAT-3/3A Analysis Ready Data Based on the Open Data Cube Platform in Multi-Cloud Computing Environment: A Case Study

This study introduces a multi-cloud model that combines private and public cloud services for processing and managing satellite images. The multi-cloud service is established by incorporating private clouds within organizations and integrating them with external public cloud services to utilize the data. Private clouds can maintain data security within an organization or between organizations, while public clouds offer easy processing options for general users with access accounts. The model for the private cloud service utilizes open-source OpenStack software to create virtual machines, allowing users to manage analysis ready data (ARD) of the Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite (KOMPSAT)-3/3A images simultaneously. The public cloud service through Amazon Web Services (AWS) offers four services and uses the Open Data Cube (ODC) to manage data and provide web-based time-series visualization and processing. The model utilizes OpenStack to create virtual machines, and the public cloud service through AWS offers various services using ODC to manage data. A system that handles large amounts of satellite imagery in a multi-cloud environment has benefits such as improved availability, cost savings through open-source, and enhanced scalability. We present a prototyped utilization model that can be used with the ODC user interface (UI) that applies the proposed multi-cloud model. The multi-cloud model of this study can be applied to constructing a country-scale data cube system, that deals with large-scale satellite image data. It can also be applied to systems that need to be built with data that is tailored to a specific user’s needs at any institution.

Optimal State Feedback Controller for Balancing Cube

In this paper, a nonlinear balancing cube system is considered which concept is based on an inverted pendulum. The main purpose of this work was the modelling and construction of a balancing cube with the synthesis of the control system. The control objectives included swing-up and stabilization of the cube on its vertex at an unstable equilibrium. Execution of the intended purpose required, firstly – deriving a cognitive mathematical model. It was based on the Lagrange method. Next, a mathematical model for control purposes was derived. The project of the physical model of the balancing cube was presented. A stabilization system based on a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) was developed. Moreover, a swing-up mechanism was used to bring the cube close to the upper equilibrium point. The algorithm switching condition was important to enable the correct functioning of the system. The developed control system was verified in the Matlab environment. Finally, verifying experiments and comparison between models (mathematical and physical) were performed.

Ni-Cr Alloys Assessment for Dental Implants Suitability

The performance of the field and the condition of success in oral implantology today require the review and reevaluation of the means that contribute essentially to ensuring the stability and durability of the implant, starting from the nature of the biomaterial and continuing with the characteristics of the optimally designed biosurface. This paper proposes a comparative analysis of three commercial alloys, VeraBond, Kera N, and VeraSoft, compared to a modified dental alloy, with the aim of improving some mechanical properties. They have been studied structurally and mechanically. The microstructural structure shows that the alloys crystallize in the face-centered cube system, and the cast alloy has a dendritic structure with large grains. XRD diffractograms highlight that alloys exhibit three compounds Cr156.00 Al596.00: 9013031, Ni4.00, and Cr30.00Al48.00. The hardness measurements showed values between 203 HV and 430 HV. As the percentage of silicon increases, the hardness decreases. The modulus of elasticity obtained by the indentation method for the dental alloys was in the range of 46–153 GPa. The results showed that the hardness and elastic modulus of the new alloy was significantly minimized compared to the classical alloys used.

Comparison of a Robotic and Patient-Mounted Device for CT-Guided Needle Placement: A Phantom Study.

Background: Robotic-based guidance systems are becoming increasingly capable of assisting in needle placement during interventional procedures. Despite these technical advances, less sophisticated low-cost guidance devices promise to enhance puncture accuracy compared with the traditional freehand technique. Purpose: To compare the in vitro accuracy and feasibility of two different aiming devices for computed-tomography (CT)-guided punctures. Methods: A total of 560 CT-guided punctures were performed by using either a robotic (Perfint Healthcare: Maxio) or a novel low-cost patient-mounted system (Medical Templates AG: Puncture Cube System [PCS]) for the placement of Kirschner wires in a plexiglass phantom with different slice thicknesses. Needle placement accuracy as well as procedural time were assessed. The Euclidean (ED) and normal distances (ND) were calculated at the entry and target point. Results: Using the robotic device, the ND at the target for 1.25 mm, 2.5 mm, 3.75 mm and 5 mm slice thickness were 1.28 mm (SD ± 0.79), 1.25 mm (SD ± 0.81), 1.35 mm (SD ± 1.00) and 1.35 mm (SD ± 1.03). Using the PCS, the ND at the target for 1 mm, 3 mm and 5 mm slices were 3.84 mm (SD ± 1.75), 4.41 mm (SD ± 2.31) and 4.41 mm (SD ± 2.11), respectively. With all comparable slice thicknesses, the robotic device was significantly more accurate compared to the low-cost device (p < 0.001). Needle placement with the PCS resulted in lower intervention time (mean, 158.83 s [SD ± 23.38] vs. 225.67 s [SD ± 17.2]). Conclusion: Although the robotic device provided more accurate results, both guidance systems showed acceptable results and may be helpful for interventions in difficult anatomical regions and for those requiring complex multi-angle trajectories.

Data Visualization and Interaction of Urban Traffic Logistics Management System Using WebGIS.

At present, the large amount of data generated by transportation and logistics in cities brings great difficulties to data management and operation. The purpose is to explore the applicability of WebGIS and expand the application of intelligent interactive urban traffic logistics management. An urban traffic logistics management system is designed for urban traffic route assignment and intelligent interaction based on the WebGIS system and the basic principles and related algorithms of urban traffic route assignment. Then, the operation of the system under different shortest path algorithms and different path assignment algorithms is discussed. As a result, the Dijkstra algorithm runs faster than the Floyd algorithm. The comparison of three different road assignment algorithms shows that the no road assignment algorithm has the smallest average time consumption, which is 264.43 ms. The running time of the continuous average algorithm is the same as that of the user balance algorithm. The WebGIS system has practical application value compared with the TransCAD system and Cube system. This article proposes that the interactive function of the system can be used normally. The vehicle information of the test sample points can be displayed, and the function realization effect is good. The research results can provide scientific references for the follow-up research on intelligent transportation.

An Integral-based Study of Temperature Variation in Wildfire Safe Houses

In order to achieve the goal of protecting people from wildfire, we propose to build a safety house to reduce mortality. This paper mainly creates a mathematical model about the house’s temperature change. Assuming an ideal heat balance model, we use the method of Joint Cube Systems and Self Iteration to simulate the whole process of heat radiation again.

Characteristics of the summer 3‐D katabatic flow in a semi‐arid zone—The case of the Dead Sea

AbstractThe katabatic winds have been studied over the slopes surrounding the Dead Sea (DS, in brevity), located at altitude of 433 m below sea level focusing on the summer season when the katabatic winds are most frequent, persistent and pronounced due to the summer stable weather conditions. The study observes the katabatic wind pulses, which are intermittent, via 3‐D innovative measurement tools with high time and space resolution employing Energy Balance Stations, Radiosondes and Lidars. The nocturnal katabatic pulses were investigated employing vertical depth, wind direction/intensity, duration, number of pulses and the time intervals separating them, as well as the begin and termination times during August 2014. The average direction of the pulses depends on the nearby slopes orientations while the intensity depends on the station's elevation and its location relative to the slope. The average katabatic number of pulses, duration, time intervals and their beginning and terminating times were found to strongly depend on the other local flows. The average vertical depth of the katabatic layer from both sides of the DS, in Israel and Jordan, was found to be at 450–950 m above ground level, depending on the measurement time period as well as the tools' sensitivities employing the “KIT cube system”—an advanced integrated atmospheric observation system, which allows 3‐D accurate analysis of the detailed katabatic wind pulses over the DS. The average number of the katabatic pulses was found to be ~2.9–3.5 pulses·night−1. The average duration of each pulse was ~69–94 min and the time interval separating them ~32–44 min depending on the flows which interrupt the pulses. The starting time of first katabatic pulse in local time was 0113 LST (±0119). These findings are of great relevance for the DS evaporation as well as bio‐meteorological and pollution aspects.

Exploiting preprocessing-permutation–diffusion strategy for secure image cipher based on 3D Latin cube and memristive hyperchaotic system

In this paper, an effective image encryption algorithm based on 3D Latin cube and memristive hyperchaotic system is proposed. The architecture of preprocessing, permutation and diffusion is utilized. The original image is updated for the first time by the preprocessing process to modify statistical distribution of image pixels, which includes random data embedding and alphabetic XOR operation (AXO). Subsequently, the resulting image is converted to a 3D bit matrix, permutation based on 3D Latin cube (P3DL) and diffusion based on 3D Latin cube (D3DL) are successively manipulated on it to obtain the final cipher image, such that each bit element of plain image may move to any position across the bit plane, and the general transformation of matrix dimensions from permutation to diffusion is also unnecessary. Additionally, the adoption of preprocessing operation makes the permutation easy to resist attacks against special images. Moreover, random data used in preprocessing and 3D Latin cubes utilized in P3DL and D3DL are controlled by a 4D memristive hyperchaotic system, its initial values are computed by information entropy of plain image, which makes the chosen-plaintext and known-plaintext attacks invulnerable. Simulation results and performance analyses verify the effectiveness and security of the proposed image encryption scheme.

Impact of capsaicin on aroma release: in vitro and in vivo analysis

Capsaicin is the main bioactive compound in chili pepper that leads to the perception of “spiciness”. However, the effect of capsaicin on aroma release in the nose remains unexplained. This is the first study designed to measure capsaicin’s impact on aroma release during consumption. In vitro studies, using static headspace analysis by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (APCI-MS), showed no impact of capsaicin (5 ppm) on the gas-liquid partitioning equilibria of a range of aroma compounds. However, a significant reduction in aroma release was observed in vivo, during oral melting of a model ice cube system (p < 0.05) included 5 ppm capsaicin. The total release of aroma into the nasal cavity was decreased, such that only 49% of 3-methylbutanal, 60% of 1-octen-3-ol and 83% of linalool was released. This is the first evidence of capsaicin’s reduction effect on aroma release during consumption. It was also found that 5 ppm capsaicin increased saliva secretion by 75%, which may have led to the dilution of aroma compounds in the mouth and directly impacted the aroma release into the nasal cavity. The most hydrophilic compound (3-methylbutanal) was affected by capsaicin to a greater extent than the hydrophobic compound (linalool), the solvent effect of the additional saliva may explain this.

The task 3 of forming a network on the sphere from the circles of the same radius

one of the methods of formation of geometric networks of arches of the same radius using regular spherical polyhedra is Investigated. The conditions of the task of placing the specified network on the sphere are set. The criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of solving the problem is the minimum number of standard sizes of segments of the dome arches, the possibility of using technologies of enlarging assembly. The solution of one variant of the problem of placing a geometric network on a spherical cube and, accordingly, on a sphere is given. Placement on the sphere of arches of one radius, different from placement in the form of meridians, has an effective solution in the form of a network with minimal dimensions of arch segments and nodes of paired arches formed on the basis of circles of identical radii formed on the basis of regular spherical polyhedra. The problem is solved by constructing an independent framework of arches of the same radius on the basis of paired circles of the same radius in the spherical cube system.

Ultrafast Excited-State Dynamics of Partially and Fully Functionalized Silsesquioxanes

A series of dimethylaminostilbene-substituted silsesquioxanes (SQs)—Me2NStilbeneSi(OSiMe3)3 {Corner}, [Me2NStilbeneSi(O)(OSiMe3)]4 {Half}, and [Me2NStilbeneSiO1.5]8 {Cube}—which contain partially and fully functionalized cages were investigated by ultrafast fluorescence upconversion and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. These nonlinear techniques were used to study the mechanism of excitation energy transport and excited-state dynamics of these functionalized SQ structures. A strong fluorescence lifetime dependence was observed in all three systems. Depolarization of the fluorescence in the Half and Cube systems indicates excitation energy delocalization between the chromophores due to strong electronic coupling. The ultrafast rise time obtained from the upconversion experiment clearly depicts the fast transition taking place in the system after photoexcitation. Transient absorption dynamics and two-photon absorption measurements reveal the presence of ultrafast charge delocalization in the Half and Cube systems. Blue shifts in the excited-state absorption (ESA) observed in all three SQ systems correlate with the solvation process and reveal a solvent-stabilized state. The amount of ESA blue shift indicates an increase in the charge-transfer character of the excited state in the case of the Half and Cube systems. This explains their enhanced two-photon cross sections in comparison to that of the Corner SQ system.

ĐÁNH GIÁ RỦI RO DO BIẾN ĐỘNG ĐƯỜNG BỜ SÔNG TIỀN ĐOẠN CÙ LAO LONG KHÁNH (ĐỒNG THÁP) TỪ DỮ LIỆU VỆ TINH VIETNAM DATACUBE (Assessment of Risks From Moving Roads of 'Song Tien' River Bag in Long Khanh Islet (Dong Thap) From Satellite Data Vietnam Datacube)

Vietnamese Abstract: Ứng dụng ảnh thời gian đa thời gian kết hợp cong nghệ GIS (cụ thể la phần mềm MapInfo) để nghien cứu biến động đường bờ theo thời gian. Việc ap dụng dữ liệu từ hệ thống chia sẻ dữ liệu vệ tinh Vietnam Data Cube (của Việt Nam) la mien phi thay vi chi nhiều tiền cho hinh ảnh vệ tinh. Thong qua đo, việc phân tich va xử lý đanh gia rủi ro đối với biến động đường bờ ở đồng bằng song Cửu Long nhằm thực hiện (i) phương phap phân tich thong tin để xac định cac khu vực xoi lở nghiem trọng ven biển, (ii) quản lý rủi ro thong qua phân tich va đanh gia cac khu vực ưu tien để theo doi va giam sat để cung cấp cảnh bao kịp thời cho cư dân. Bai viết muốn nhấn mạnh rằng việc truy cập vao cơ sở dữ liệu vệ tinh mien phi va cac cong cụ nguồn mở, hệ thống Data Cube của Việt Nam sẽ gop phần tạo ra nhiều ứng dụng rộng hơn va phat triển bền vững. đặc biệt la trong quản lý rủi ro. English Abstract: The multi-temporal photo-temporal application incorporates GIS technology (specifically MapInfo software) to study shoreline fluctuations over time. The application of data from Vietnam Data Cube satellite data sharing system is free instead of spending a lot of money for satellite images. Through this, the analysis and treatment of risk assessment for shoreline fluctuations in the Mekong Delta is aimed at implementing (i) methods of analyzing information to identify areas of serious coastal erosion, (ii) ) risk management through the analysis and assessment of priority areas for monitoring and monitoring to provide timely warning to residents. The paper would like to emphasize that access to the free satellite database and open source tools, the Vietnam Data Cube system will contribute to creating more and wider applications for sustainable development. especially in risk management.

Modeling the Breakup of Clusters Induced by Internal Repulsion

In nanoparticles system, particles (or clusters) can aggregate into big-scale clusters, which also can break into small ones by the change of internal conditions. For this purpose, a breakup model was proposed and a JAVA program was developed to simulate the process based on the classic Cluster-Cluster Aggregation (CCA) model. In the simulation, a single cluster, which is gotten from the CCA, breaks into small ones firstly, and then these break into smaller and smaller ones sequentially abiding by specified rules. It is found that clusters present various structure under different parameters in the cube system. Meanwhile, the process visualization can be well displayed by JAVA 3D figures dynamically, and some data analysis can be performed spontaneously based on the data files recorded by the program.

Kinematics of a Holonomic Constraint Rod &amp;amp; Cube System

A loose rod of mass m1 and length l leans against one of the faces of a cube of mass m2 and side length a. The assembly is placed on a horizontal table with one end of the rod touching the table and its other end leaning against the edge of the cube. We set the rod and the center of mass of the cube on the same vertical plane, and then we release the assembly from the rest. For frictionless contacts, we calculate the separation runtime of the rod from the cube as a function of m2/m1 and a/l. This entails forming the equation describing the motion of the system. The equation of motion is analytically unsolvable nonlinear differential equation. Applying a Computer Algebra System, specifically Mathematica [1] [2], we solve the equation numerically. Utilizing the solution, in addition to evaluating the separation runtime, we quantify a list of dynamic quantities, such as the time-dependent interface forces, and, geometric quantities, such as the trajectory of the loose end of the rod. A robust Mathematica code addresses the “what if” scenarios.