CSR Involvement Research Articles

COMMUNICATING CSR ON TOURISM INDUSTRY; A PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY OF BALI

As one of the world’s and Indonesia’s most important tourist destination, Bali tourism sector has significantly contributed to both Indonesia’s and Bali’s economy. This study explores how tourism companies communicate CSR including goals, audiences, contents, channels, and strategy. Data are gathered through a single case study approach and thirteen semi-structured interviews to the representatives of hotels, restaurants, tour and travels, and tourism companies in Bali. Data are analyzed by using QDA Miner software. The result shows that relationships, reputation, and branding are the most common goals of communicating CSR. The companies communicated mostly to internal stakeholders; employees and owner, to customers, and the local community. However, there was no specific policy on contents. The companies use reports, meeting, announcement board, e-mail, and in-house communication system to communicate with internal stakeholders; social media, employee, and CSR involvement to communicate with customers; and newspaper, social media, TV, meeting, and employee to communicate to society. An involving strategy was prevalently used mainly through dialogic meeting with the employees and the local community

The moderating role of CEO narcissism on the relationship between uncertainty avoidance and CSR

With the ever-increasing growth in the number of US multinational restaurant firms, the need for a better understanding of CSR initiatives enacted in those countries is actively gaining in importance. A firm's CSR is influenced by the cultural context of a given society and, according to the upper echelons theory, the characteristics of its corporate executives. However, there was no empirical evidence on the moderating role of CEO narcissism, a common CEO characteristic in many cases, on the national culture-CSR relationship. This study finds that a firm with more properties in high-UA societies has less involvement in CSR and that CEO narcissism positively moderates the relationship. The results provide a meaningful empirical addition to the upper echelons literature by demonstrating how CEO traits can serve as a boundary condition in examining the impact of uncertainty avoidance, as a contextual factor, on CSR, as an organizational outcome, in the restaurant industry.

CSRs Knowledge and Management of Corporate Social Responsibility in Pakistan

The aim of the study is to collect first-hand information from the corporate practitioners regarding the “why” “how” “when” and “where” of corporate social responsibility (CSR hereafter) by conducting an interview session with the companies listed on the Pakistan Stock exchange. It was observed that the involvement in CSR is beneficial for firm performance and affected by external forces (institutional forces) and internal features (firms resources). In addition, the priority of stakeholders and the urgency of CSR dimensions (CSRs pyramid) are well understood in the context of Pakistan too.

The relation between the CSR and the accounting information system data in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries – the evidence of the Polish financial institutions

Financial institutions play a fundamental role in determining the sustainability of economies, both in developed and developing countries. However, the worldwide financial crises made many financial institutions lost their credibility and CSR engagement has been perceived as a remedy. The aim of this paper is to analyze the interrelation between being socially responsible and tangible financial outcome of financial institutions in one of the CEE countries - Poland. Financial and market data of all the public companies from the financial sector in Poland – 116 financial institutions. The analyzed period is 2012-2015 that gives 257 observations. The empirical results reveal that in case of financial institutions in Poland the slack resources are strongly related to CSR involvement, however being socially responsible is not reflected in the bottom line. Polish market and the public are reluctant in considering the CSR importance and the CSR engagement is not rewarded. This undermines the role of CSR commitment in financial institutions in CEECs. It may be assumed that CSR efforts in Poland are not focused properly, or they are not communicated effectively. On the basis of comparative analysis is presented there is a significant difference between CEE countries and other transitional countries in CSR implementation and communication. The findings are important in better understanding of the link between CSR engagement and its tangible outcomes in CEE countries. The conclusions may lead to the improved decision-making processes concerning CSR activities and their communication.

Exploring the role of CSR fit and the length of CSR involvement in routine business and corporate crises settings

This 2×2 experimental study examines the influence of CSR fit and the length of CSR involvement on corporate reputation and CSR skepticism in a routine business setting and crisis responsibility in a victim crisis. The study demonstrates a significant interaction between the two variables on the construction of corporate reputation. The length of CSR involvement is also found to influence people’s attribution of crisis responsibility in a crisis. By comparing corporate reputation and CSR skepticism before and after a crisis, the study further articulates the destructive power of crises. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Corporate social responsibility and firm financing decisions: A literature review

During the last few decades, multinational enterprises have become more involved in socially responsible activities to meet their stakeholders’ expectations. The literature on the financial implications of high CSR firms has evolved and covered a wide variety of topics. This paper presents a literature review on studies that focus on the link between CSR and firms’ financing decisions worldwide. First, we show from prior literature that high CSR involvement firms disclose more information, which results in a negative relationship between CSR and information asymmetry. Second, studies on the cost of capital provide evidence that the cost of equity is lower for firms with high CSR scores, and that the premium associated with CSR for private loans is not significant or is significant but marginal. Third, our literature review argues that high CSR firms prefer equity over debt because of the low cost of equity they enjoy. The conclusion discusses future research on the field from a multinational perspective.

Does Business Model Affect CSR Involvement? A Survey of Polish Manufacturing and Service Companies

The study explores links between types of business models used by companies and their involvement in CSR. As the main part of our conceptual framework we used a business model taxonomy developed by Dudzik and Witek-Hajduk, which identifies five types of models: traditionalists, market players, contractors, distributors, and integrators. From shared characteristics of the business model profiles, we proposed that market players and integrators will show significantly higher levels of involvement in CSR than the three other classes of companies. Among other things, both market players and integrators relied strongly on building own brand value and fostering harmonious supply channel relations, which served as a rationale for our hypothesis. The data for the study were obtained through a combined CATI and CAWI survey on a group of 385 managers of medium and large enterprises. The sample was representative for the three Polish industries of chemical manufacturing, food production, and retailing. Statistical methods included confirmatory factor analysis and one-way ANOVA with contrasts and post hoc tests. The findings supported our hypothesis, showing that market players and integrators were indeed more engaged in CSR than other groups of firms. This may suggest that managers in control of these companies could bolster the integrity of their business models by increasing CSR involvement. Another important contribution of the study was to propose and validate a versatile scale for assessing CSR involvement, which showed measurement invariance for all involved industries.

Can CSR by MNEs enhance home country image? An empirical investigation with Asian MNEs in Vietnam

This study is designed to empirically examine how CSR by Asian MNEs in Vietnam affects home country image. Surveys were conducted with 400 individuals in Vietnam on Japanese, Korean, and Taiwanese firms. Our findings suggest that CSR images of MNEs affect individual attitudes towards the country. In addition, the relationships between CSR image and country image were found to differ by the countries of origin of multinationals. Our findings provide evidence to support the notion of increased public involvement in CSR of MNEs in developing countries as CSR can enhance the national brand of the home country in local countries.

Expanding the board's contribution to corporate social responsibility

This study considers the board of directors' contribution to corporate social responsibility within US public companies recognised as CSR leaders. This research integrates corporate governance, CSR, and stakeholder theory literature. This qualitative study employs semi-structured interviews with the chief executive officers (CEOs) of three US public corporations recognised as CSR leaders in the MSCI KLD 400 Social Index (MSCI, 2014) and published company and third-party texts. Three findings emerge with implications for scholars and practitioners. They are: 1) board contribution is expected given CSR's material impact on shared company and stakeholder benefit; 2) board influence in CSR is advanced by their duty fulfilment, expertise, experience, and roles complementary to management; 3) key practices advance board involvement and impact in CSR.

Expanding the board's contribution to corporate social responsibility

This study considers the board of directors' contribution to corporate social responsibility within US public companies recognised as CSR leaders. This research integrates corporate governance, CSR, and stakeholder theory literature. This qualitative study employs semi-structured interviews with the chief executive officers (CEOs) of three US public corporations recognised as CSR leaders in the MSCI KLD 400 Social Index (MSCI, 2014) and published company and third-party texts. Three findings emerge with implications for scholars and practitioners. They are: 1) board contribution is expected given CSR's material impact on shared company and stakeholder benefit; 2) board influence in CSR is advanced by their duty fulfilment, expertise, experience, and roles complementary to management; 3) key practices advance board involvement and impact in CSR.

Enhancing corporate social responsibility through market orientation practices in bottom of pyramid markets: with special reference to microcredit institutions

Market-oriented organizations are committed to understanding and serving customer needs. Customers become socially conscious, so market-oriented firms need to carry out ‘Corporate Social Responsibility’ (CSR) initiatives. The main aim of this study was to investigate the influence of market orientation on CSR among microcredit institutions. The findings of this study are useful for microcredit institutions and marketers operating in bottom of pyramid (BOP) market to enhance their CSR through market orientation practices. The sample comprised 250 managers of microcredit institutions operating in the rural areas of Sri Lanka. The surveys were administered for data collection. All the three components of market orientation, that is, customer orientation, competitor orientation, and inter-functional coordination significantly and positively influenced the CSR involvement. Adaptation to BOP Market Culture enhanced the positive influences of both customer orientation and inter-functional coordination, on CSR. From these findings, implications for theory and practice have been discussed.

La falta de comunicación materia de la RSC entre empresas y organizaciones sociales

The Corporate Social Responsibility -CSR- activities in the European countries are affected by a communicative gap between enterprises, which implement CSR activities, and the non-business organizations that need the companies to find financial resources for launching their social programs. We must research and debate the communicative frame of both situations in order to help bridge them as much as possible. In this way, it is necessary to analyse the features of this gap, and its communication context, as well as to study the European framework of CSR initiatives, as well as other international initiatives. Finally, the CSR communication process is shown and the basis for a study of CSR involvement from the different target groups will build a future balanced Communication Model of Corporate Social Responsibility, which could be a reference for the communication professional who deals with these kinds of activities.

Effects of Government Involvement in Corporate Social Responsibility: An Analysis of the Indian Companies Act, 2013

ABSTRACTIn this article, we aim at determining whether government involvement in CSR activity is desirable or counterproductive. We analyze the effects of government involvement in CSR by studying the Indian Companies Act, 2013, and estimating its effects by examining forty-seven top Indian companies coming under this Act on three crucial parameters: level of financial contribution to CSR, operating system of CSR, and the kind of CSR activities undertaken by the companies. Many companies under study already contributed their profits to CSR activities and have operating systems. Most CSR activities of the companies under study are also in compliance with the regulated activities of the new Act. Therefore, government involvement in CSR by regulation is not likely to have much negative effect on companies but can create positive developmental environments for communities.

CSR and Financial Performance: The Case of Polish Small and Medium Manufacturers

Abstract The paper explores the hypothesized link between involvement in social responsibility and financial performance. In particular, it looks at this relationship among Polish small and medium manufacturing companies that operate in food, beverage and cosmetics industries. The statistical analysis involves developing and testing structural model on the basis of data from a survey of 187 managers supplemented by validated financial metrics from an external database. The outcomes suggests the existence of a weak but statistically significant positive correlation between the CSR involvement construct and sales profit margin (β=0.2). However, CSR seems to have no discernible direct effect on ROA. The study, as the first project of this kind in Poland, adds to the sparse body of literature on financial outcomes of CSR in small and medium enterprises from emerging economies. Another distinguishing feature of this research is its methodological approach which compares favorably to many previous studies in terms of robustness.

Responsible executive leadership

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to develop a moral identity perspective on Barnard's conceptualization of executive responsibility. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses a prospective study design, as an alternative to a transitional grounded approach, to develop a theory-based framework to compare textual patterns in Barnard's writings. By using Barnard's conceptualization of executive responsibility within the identity control theoretical framework, the paper analyzes the challenges of executive moral identification. Findings – The paper develops a theory-based, yet practical, typology of moral identification of responsible executive leaders. Research limitations/implications – Although this proposed typology appears rather parsimonious, it is recognized that issues of moral behavior are certainly complex, and therefore should be addressed in a requisite manner in future model developments. Originality/value – The paper posits that Barnard's conceptualization provides a useful channel to address the critical domain at the intersection of responsible executive leadership, identity, and ethics relative to the issues of CSR, diversity management, gender equity, and community involvement. The paper considers the typology of moral identification to be an operative conduit for subsequent empirical research and practical guidance for executive leadership development.

An Experimental Design to Test the Main and Interaction Effects of CSR Involvement, Brand Naming, and Pricing on Purchase Intentions in Thailand

This study attempted to test the main and interaction effects of CSR involvement, brand naming, and pricing onconsumers’ purchase intentions by using a 2 x 2 x 2 experimental design. CSR involvement was based on acause-related marketing campaign. Brand naming was based on a local/Thai brand name and a foreign brandname signifying that the product is from a renowned country. High prices and low prices were adopted for thepricing factor. A computer notebook was used to represent a high involvement and technological product for theexperiment. Siam Computer was used to represent a Thai brand name whereas Toshisu was used to represent aforeign brand name. Students from a local university were recruited as experimental subjects. Fifty subjects wererandomly assigned to each of the eight experimental conditions. All three experimental factors were found tohave significant effects on purchase intentions. The levels of purchase intentions were found to be higher forproducts with CSR involvement, foreign brand name, and lower prices. The two way interaction effectssuggested that CSR involvement had a positive effect on products with foreign brand name and higher prices.The effect of pricing was found to be stronger for products using Thai brand name. The three way interactioneffect suggested that for a high price condition, CSR involvement had a strong effect on purchase intentions forproducts using a foreign brand name whereas in a low price condition, CSR involvement had no significanteffect regardless of the name of the brand.

The business case for corporate social responsibility: A company-level measurement approach for CSR

Although theoretical and empirical research often points to a positive relation between CSR and company competitiveness, approaches to measure the company-specific business impacts of CSR are missing in the current literature. However, such an approach could strengthen the overall CSR involvement and support rational decision-making in this area. This paper thus focuses on the question how to measure the business impact of CSR activities from a company perspective. Using a theoretical approach a multi-step measurement model is developed that allows managers to evaluate their company-specific business case for CSR. A case example illustrates the use of the model in practice.